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The integration of online trading has emerged as a crucial driver of operational efficiency in the reverse supply chain. This study expands the recycling model to include three distinct scenarios: basic-offline recycling (BR), single-platform recycling (SR), and dual-platform recycling (DR). The research delves into the implications of varying platform numbers, profit-sharing contracts, consumer recycling preferences, and recycling price adjustment speeds on supply chain stability within a multi-period decision-making framework. Findings reveal that the SR model is not always yield higher profits for remanufacturers through lower revenue allocation proportions to platforms, in stark contrast to the DR model. Furthermore, rapid decision adjustments do not consistently enhance the stability of the recycling system across multiple decision cycles. Remanufacturers’ expansion strategies are significantly impacted by the costs associated with acquiring e-waste from individual recyclers. Importantly, an excess of platforms does not always result in favorable outcomes. Conversely, the SR model proves superior to the DR model in practical contexts that may arise. These insights offer valuable guidance to remanufacturers seeking to develop viable expansion strategies that foster mutually beneficial relationships among individual recyclers, remanufacturers, and platforms.

Wheat is used extensively as the key ingredient for baked goods. Oats are used as an alternative for a range of commercial reasons, including “gluten‐free.” Often the rationale driving the utilization of oats for gluten‐related disorders (GRDs)/gluten intolerance, gets lost due to assertions regarding the relative nutritional benefits of eating oats rather than wheat. This review looks at the dietary benefits of eating oats versuswheat‐based products to clarify the relative merits of each. Wheat and oats are important components of the human diet. Wheat‐based products cannot be replicated directly by oats. However, oats are a useful alternative where GRDs are present. Wheat is supreme in creating desirable food structures although it can be problematic for individuals with GRDs. Oats can be utilized to provide alternatives. However, in products like bread, other ingredients are needed to replicate the role of gluten. This review provides a novel insight into the applications of wheat and oats in foods and the associated nutritional impact. The anticipated benefit is for people working in the food sector, health‐based professionals, and individuals who wish to understand the role of oats as an alternative to wheat to avoid gluten.

Sleep is a natural and essential physiological need for individuals. Our study aimed to research the associations between accumulated social risks and sleep disorders.

Four new p-terphenyl derivatives, talaroterphenyls A–D (1–4), together with three biosynthetically related known ones (5–7), were obtained from the mangrove sediment-derived Talaromycessp. SCSIO 41412. Compounds 1–3are rare p-terphenyls, which are completely substituted on the central benzene ring by oxygen atoms; this is the first report of their isolation from natural sources. Their structures were elucidated through NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, and X-ray diffraction. Genome sequence analysis revealed that 1–7were biosynthesized from tyrosine and phenylalanine, involving four key biosynthetic genes (ttpB–ttpE). These p-terphenyls (1–7) and 36 marine-derived terphenyl analogues (8–43) were screened for phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitory activities, and 1–5, 14, 17, 23, and 26showed notable activities with IC50values of 0.40–16 μM. The binding pattern of p-terphenyl inhibitors 1–3with PDE4 were explored by molecular docking analysis. Talaroterphenyl A (1), with a low cytotoxicity, showed obvious anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, in the TGF-β1-induced medical research council cell strain-5 (MRC-5) pulmonary fibrosis model, 1could down-regulate the expression levels of FN1, COL1, and α-SMA significantly at concentrations of 5–20 μM. This study suggests that the oxidized p-terphenyl 1, as a marine-derived PDE4 inhibitor, could be used as a promising antifibrotic agent.

Glutamate is traditionally viewed as the first messenger to activate NMDAR (N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor)-dependent cell death pathways in stroke1,2, but unsuccessful clinical trials with NMDAR antagonists implicate the engagement of other mechanisms3–7. Here we show that glutamate and its structural analogues, including NMDAR antagonist l-AP5 (also known as APV), robustly potentiate currents mediated by acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) associated with acidosis-induced neurotoxicity in stroke4. Glutamate increases the affinity of ASICs for protons and their open probability, aggravating ischaemic neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models. Site-directed mutagenesis, structure-based modelling and functional assays reveal a bona fide glutamate-binding cavity in the extracellular domain of ASIC1a. Computational drug screening identified a small molecule, LK-2, that binds to this cavity and abolishes glutamate-dependent potentiation of ASIC currents but spares NMDARs. LK-2 reduces the infarct volume and improves sensorimotor recovery in a mouse model of ischaemic stroke, reminiscent of that seen in mice with Asic1aknockout or knockout of other cation channels4–7. We conclude that glutamate functions as a positive allosteric modulator for ASICs to exacerbate neurotoxicity, and preferential targeting of the glutamate-binding site on ASICs over that on NMDARs may be strategized for developing stroke therapeutics lacking the psychotic side effects of NMDAR antagonists.

Both bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their exosomes suggest promising therapeutic tools for bone regeneration. Lithium has been reported to regulate BMSC function and engineer exosomes to improve bone regeneration in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the mechanisms by which lithium promotes osteogenesis have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that lithium promotes the osteogenesis of BMSCs via lithium-induced increases in the secretion of exosomal Wnt10a to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, whose secretion is correlated with enhanced MARK2 activation to increase the trafficking of the Rab11a and Rab11FIP1 complexes together with exosomal Wnt10a to the plasma membrane. Then, we compared the proosteogenic effects of exosomes derived from lithium-treated or untreated BMSCs (Li-Exo or Con-Exo) both in vitro and in vivo. We found that, compared with Con-Exo, Li-Exo had superior abilities to promote the uptake and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. To optimize the in vivo application of these hydrogels, we fabricated Li-Exo-functionalized gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels, which are more effective at promoting osteogenesis and bone repair than Con-Exo. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the mechanism by which lithium promotes osteogenesis and the great promise of lithium for engineering BMSCs and their exosomes for bone regeneration, warranting further exploration in clinical practice.

Water pollution originating from heavy metals has shown great impacts on the ecological environment and human health due to their extremely low biodegradability. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), as one harmful heavy metal with strong oxidation, high biological permeability, and high carcinogenicity, is becoming an increasingly serious threat to human health. Therefore, conveniently but accurately, monitoring the Cr(VI) level in water to maintain its normal level and ensuring the stability of the ecosystem and human health become very valuable. However, most of these heavy metal sensors reported are turn-off type single-emission sensors. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence/colorimetry/smartphone triple-mode turn-on optical sensor for Cr(VI) was developed based on a multifunctional metal–organic framework platform. The detection limits for these three mutual verification modes were only 1.28, 4.89, and 68.4 nM, respectively. Additionally, the color changes of the detection system under sunlight can also be observed directly by the naked eye. The accuracy and practicability of this multimode sensor were further proved by the detection of Cr(VI) in actual water and seawater samples, and the recovery rate ranged from 97.308 to 104.041%.

Revealing the reason for the performance difference between synthetic isoprene rubber (IR) and natural rubber (NR) has long been pursued but has not yet been achieved. In this paper, a series of isomerized natural rubbers (iNR) with different trans-contents has been prepared by using a thiyl radical-induced isomerization reaction. These iNR samples were used as a model to study the effect of stereoregularity on the strain-induced crystallization (SIC) and mechanical properties of NR. Introducing a low trans-configuration (4%) has little impact on the properties of NR, proving that the performance difference between IR and NR is mainly due to the lack of nonrubber components rather than the effect of stereoregularity. When the trans-content was increased to 10%, the decrease in stereoregularity led to a reduction in crystallinity and an increase in on-set crystallization strain. However, iNR-10% can maintain mechanical properties comparable to NR due to the energy dissipative effect of the pseudonetwork formed by the end groups and nonrubber components. When the trans-content was further increased to 19%, the stereoregularity reduction completely prevented the occurrence of SIC. However, the presence of nonrubber components still makes iNR-19% show a high strength of 15.1 MPa. This paper promotes an understanding of the structure and properties of NR and helps to guide the preparation of high-performance synthetic rubber.

The effect of early isoenergetic feeding routes [early enteral nutrition (E-EN) or early supplemental parenteral nutrition (E-SPN)] on the outcome of patients undergoing major abdominal surgery is controversial.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Macrophages play important roles in the inflammatory process of sepsis by secreting chemokines. Chemokine (CC-motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2) is one of the main proinflammatory chemokines secreted by macrophages that plays a critical role in the recruitment of more monocytes and macrophages to the sites of injury in sepsis, but the mechanisms that regulate CCL-2 expression in macrophages during sepsis are still unknown. In the present study, by using the LPS-induced endotoxemia model, we found that LPS induced the expression of microRNA (miR)-155 and CCL-2 in endotoxemic mice and RAW264.7 cells. MiR-155 mimics or miR-155 inhibitor treatment experiment suggested that miR-155 was sufficient to increase LPS-induced CCL-2 expression in macrophages, but miR-155 was not the only factor promoting CCL-2 expression. We further demonstrated that miR-155–induced increase of CCL-2 promoted chemotaxis of additional macrophages, which subsequently enhanced lung injury in endotoxemic mice. Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family member 3 (SGK3), a potential target of miR-155, was identified by RNA sequencing and predicted by TargetScan and miRDB. We further confirmed miR-155 regulated SGK3 to increase LPS-induced CCL-2 by using miR-155 mimics and SGK3 overexpression. Thus, our study demonstrates that miR-155 targets SGK3 to increase LPS-induced CCL-2 expression in macrophages, which promotes macrophage chemotaxis and enhances organs injury during endotoxemia. Our study contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response during sepsis.

The radial-additive friction stir repairing (R-AFSR) process was used to successfully repair the exceeded tolerance hole of 2024-T4 aluminum alloy, and the formation and tensile strength of repaired joint were investigated. The enhanced hybridizing grey wolf optimization algorithm (EHGWOA) was innovatively proposed and had the advantages of strong search ability and large convergence speed. The weights and thresholds of back propagation neural network (BPNN) were optimized by the EHGWOA to enhance its prediction accuracy. Then, the EHGWOA-BPNN system was used to predict the joint strength and optimize the process parameters combination of R-AFSR process. The results showed that the repaired joint had not only the stir zone (SZ) with the thickness almost equal to the plate thickness but also no kissing bond defect in the SZ, thereby leading to the high tensile strength of the repaired joint. The maximum tensile strength of 308 MPa was obtained under the process parameters optimized by the EHGWOA-BPNN system, which was 4.5% higher than the maximum strength before optimization. The R-AFSR has great prospects to repair the exceeded tolerance holes of aluminum alloys, and the EHGWOA-BPNN system can be used to maximize the strength of repaired joint.

α-PD-L1 therapy has shown encouraging results at harnessing the immune system to combat cancer. However, the treatment effect is relatively low due to the dense extracellular matrix (ECM) and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, an ultrasound (US)-responsive nanosensitizer (URNS) is engineered to deliver losartan (LST) and polyethylenimine (PEI) to remolde the TME, driving “cold”–“hot” tumor transformation and enhancing the sensitivity of α-PD-L1 therapy. In the tumor site, noninvasive US can make MTNP generate ROS, which cleave ROS-sensitive bonds to dissociate MTNPtK@LST-PEI, shedding PEI and releasing LST from mesoporous spheres. The results demonstrated that URNS combined with α-PD-L1 therapy effectively inhibited tumor growth with an inhibition rate as high as 90%, which was 1.7-fold higher than that of the α-PD-L1 treatment in vivo. In summary, the URNS improves the sensitivity of α-PD-L1 therapy by remodeling the TME, which provides promising insights for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.

An excessively high switching frequency causes significant losses in inverters, especially in high-power applications, which should be avoided. Predictive control, based on a circular boundary restriction strategy presented in this paper, can effectively suppress current distortion while reducing the switching frequency. Until now, this method has been implemented with the same boundaries for both the torque component and flux component of the stator current vector. Due to the physical behavior of an induction motor, a higher current distortion tolerance of the flux component of the stator current vector can be accepted without affecting the torque. Therefore, in this work, the circular boundary restriction strategy is modified to configure larger boundaries for the flux component than for the torque component. This is done to achieve an even lower switching frequency. Furthermore, an additional improvement can be expected if only the boundaries of the torque component are strictly maintained, while the magnetizing current can exceed its boundary to some extent. The predictive control method based on this new strategy is experimentally tested to determine its feasibility. A method based on the circular boundary strategy is also implemented under the same testing conditions, and the performances of both strategies are compared.

Ferrocidiphenols possessing appropriate substituents in the aliphatic chain have very promising anticancer properties, but a systematic approach to deciphering their diversified metabolic behavior has so far been lacking. Herein, we show that a series of novel ferrocidiphenols bearing different hydroxyalkyl substituents exhibit strong anticancer activity as revealed in a range of in vitroand in vivoexperiments. Moreover, they display diversified oxidative transformation profiles very distinct from those of previous complexes, shown by the use of chemical and enzymatic methods and in celluloand in vivometabolism studies. In view of this phenomenon, unprecedented chemo-evolutionary sequences that connect all the ferrocidiphenol-related intermediates and analogues have been established. In addition, a comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) study has been performed to decipher the metabolic diversification profiles of these complexes and demonstrate the delicate modulation of carbenium ions by the ferrocenyl moiety, via either α- or β-positional participation.

Prostaglandins (PGs) are profound hormones in teleost sexual behavior, especially in mating. PGs act as pheromones that affect the olfactory sensory neurons of males, inducing the initiation of a series of mating behaviors. However, the molecular mechanism by which PGs trigger mating behavior in ovoviviparous teleosts is still unclear. In the present study, we employed the ovoviviparous black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), an economically important marine species whose reproductive production is limited by incomplete fertilization, as a model species. The results showed that when the dose of PGE2was higher than 10 nmol/L, a significant (P< 0.05) increase in mating behaviors was observed. Dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that PGE2could fire specific neurons in different brain regions and receptor cells in the olfactory sac. After combining with specific neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), a series of genes related to reproduction are activated. The intracerebroventricular administration of PGE2significantly increased lhblevels (P< 0.05) in both sexes. Moreover, steroidogenesis in gonads was also affected, inducing an increase (P< 0.05) in E2levels in males and T levels in females. PGE2levels were also increased significantly (P< 0.05) in both sexes. The present study revealed that PGE2can activate mating behavior in black rockfish in both hormone and pheromone pathways, leading to variations in sex steroid levels and activation of reproductive behaviors. Our results provide not only novel insight into the onset of mating behaviors in ovoviviparous teleosts but also solutions for the incomplete fertilization caused by natural mating in cage aquaculture.

Aristolochic acid I (AAI) is a well-known nephrotoxic carcinogen, which is currently reported to be also associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether AAI is a direct hepatocarcinogen remains controversial. In this study we investigated the association between AAI exposure and HCC in adult rats using a sensitive rat liver bioassay with several cofactors. Formation of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive (GST-P+) foci was used as the marker for preneoplastic lesions/clonal expansion. We first conducted a medium-term (8 weeks) study to investigate whether AAI had any tumor-initiating or -promoting activity. Then a long-term (52 weeks) study was conducted to determine whether AAI can directly induce HCC. We showed that oral administration of single dose of AAI (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg) in combination with partial hepatectomy (PH) to stimulate liver proliferation did not induce typical GST-P+foci in liver. In the 8-week study, only high dose of AAI (10 mg · kg−1· d−1, 5 days a week for 6 weeks) in combination with PH significantly increased the number and area of GST-P+foci initiated by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in liver. Similarly, only high dose of AAI (10 mg· kg−1· d−1, 5 days a week for 52 weeks) in combination with PH significantly increased the number and area of hepatic GST-P+foci in the 52-week study. No any nodules or HCC were observed in liver of any AAI-treated groups. In contrast, long-term administration of AAI (0.1, 1, 10 mg· kg−1· d−1) time- and dose-dependently caused death due to the occurrence of cancers in the forestomach, intestine, and/or kidney. Besides, AAI-DNA adducts accumulated in the forestomach, kidney, and liver in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Taken together, AAI promotes clonal expansion only in the high-dose group but did not induce any nodules or HCC in liver of adult rats till their deaths caused by cancers developed in the forestomach, intestine, and/or kidney. Findings from our animal studies will pave the way for further large-scale epidemiological investigation of the associations between AA and HCC.

This article investigates the problem of resilient dynamic event-triggered control for networked unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with external disturbance in the presence of transmission delay and aperiodic DoS attacks. First, a network-based USV control system model is constructed and converted into a state space. Second, a resilient dynamic event-triggered scheme is designed to save system communication resources under aperiodic DoS attacks. Third, to ensure the security of the networked USV control system and to block communication with unknown jamming signals, a time-delay switching system model based on resilient event-triggered mechanism under aperiodic DoS attack is established. Then, by combining the Lyapunov method and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), the criterion for asymptotic stability analysis and controller synthesis conditions of the resulting switching system is derived. Approach efficiency is validated by numerical simulation.

Fish have evolved various reproductive strategies including oviparity, viviparity, and ovoviviparity, which undoubtedly affect the survival of the whole species continuity. As the final step in reproduction, parturition in viviparous vertebrate and ovulation in oviparous teleost seem to share a similar mechanism, when prostaglandins (PGs) act as the trigger to launch the whole process. In the present study, ovoviviparous teleost black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is employed as the research object. Intraperitoneal injection showed that PGE2(500 μg/kg) could activate the delivery reactions in perinatal black rockfish. RNA-seq data of ovary in perinatal period revealed transcriptional change in cell junction, inflammation, and apoptosis, which is related to mammal parturition and teleost ovulation. Further results proved the positive correlation between ptger EP2 and previous mentioned pathways. Subsequent experiment proved that PGE2was able to induce the ovulation and spawning in unfertilized individuals, which had a bilayer follicular structure compared to monolayer follicular in perinatal period black rockfish. Both unfertilized and perinatal ovary matrix could response to PGE2stimulation. In conclusion, the function of PGE2in activating both parturition and ovulation in a relatively different pathways conserved with viviparity or oviparity provided novel evidence of the evolutionary status of ovoviviparous vertebrates.The molecular mechanism of PGE2 ovoviviparous black rockfish parturition is conserved with viviparity or oviparity, which provided novel evidence of the evolutionary status of ovoviviparous vertebrates.Graphical Abstract

Background: The beam chopper system of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is used to pulsed chop the negative hydrogen ion beam from ion source; in order to meet the beam time structure of rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), it is the key to control emittance growth of low energy beam and decrease beam loss during the beam injection process from the linac to RCS. After beam chopped, the particle beam is required to deviate completely and then lose at entrance of radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) cavity; considering high duty cycle of ion source and beam high chop rate, the effect of deflected particles on RFQ is difficult to predict. Purpose: A bipolar beam chopper pulse power supply is developed, which makes the beam spot at the entrance of RFQ twice that of unipolar beam chopper power supply, and reduces the damage of deflected particles to RFQ cavity and vacuum. Methods: The beam chopper power supply provides a fast high voltage pulse source; two fast reversing switches are used to quickly change the polarity of the output high voltage pulse in 40 ms. Results and conclusion: The power supply has been installed in the low beam energy transport line (LEBT), the output high voltage pulse is ± 6 kV, frequency is about 1 MHz, and the pulse edge is less than 10 ns.

BackgroundSympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is a significant contributor to cerebral vasospasm. Inhibition of the SCG has been shown to improve cerebral blood flow and reverse cerebral vasospasm in swine models. We evaluated the efficacy of a novel minimally invasive endovascular approach to target and pharmacologically inhibit the SCG, using a Micro-Infusion Device for transmural drug delivery.MethodsEight SCGs in four Yorkshire swine were surgically identified. After confirming appropriate sympathetic-mediated intracranial vasoconstriction response with SCG stimulation, an endovascular Micro-Infusion Device was used for transmural targeting of the SCG and delivery of 1.5–2 mL of 1% lidocaine-contrast mixture to the perivascular space. Digital subtraction angiography was obtained at: (1) baseline; (2) with SCG stimulation; and (3) after lidocaine delivery to the SCG using the Micro-Infusion Device with concurrent SCG stimulation. Vessel diameters were measured and compared.ResultsEndovascular transmural delivery of lidocaine to the SCG and carotid perivascular tissue using the Micro-Infusion Device successfully inhibited sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction response. Measured vessel diameters after lidocaine delivery were comparable to baseline despite SCG stimulation.ConclusionA novel endovascular technique of transmural delivery of lidocaine to the SCG and carotid artery perivascular tissues successfully inhibits the sympathetic input to the cerebral vasculature and modulates sympathetic-mediated cerebral vasospasm. These results suggest promising steps towards translation to potential clinical use for patients suffering from cerebral vasospasm.

This paper explores the finite-time boundedness and controller problem of switching nonlinear delay systems. The time delay is considered as time-varying delay rather than constant delay. First of all, an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) which contains three integral terms is selected. The upper and lower bounds of these integral terms are given by segmenting the time delay interval. Meanwhile, the auxiliary matrix method is used to separate the Lyapunov matrix from the system matrix. Moreover, a new state-dependent switching law is designed to switch between subsystems according to the change of the magnitude of the LKF. Based on the above methods, the first step is to research the finite-time bounded analysis of delayed system without control input. Then, a sufficient condition is obtained to ensure the finite-time boundedness of switched systems with control input. Further, by designing an observer-based H ∞ controller, the closed-loop system with time-varying delay is bounded and has H ∞ performance index ν by using the Finsler's Lemma and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Simultaneously, the controller and observer gains are designed. Finally, two simulations are used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods. • Investigating the finite-time boundedness and H ∞ control for switching nonlinear delay systems. • The time delay is considered as time-varying delay rather than constant delay. • Three integral terms are contained in the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. • The auxiliary matrix method is used to separate the Lyapunov matrix from the system matrix • A new state-dependent switching law is designed to switch between subsystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the evolution process, the reproductive strategies evolved including oviparity, viviparity and ovoviviparity, to fit the residential environment maximize the survival rate of the off spring. In mammals, the key to the initiation of parturition is the inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) plays an important role in the process of human parturition. While less is known about IL1β1 in teleost parturition, identification of the functions of IL1β1 in inducing the parturition, black rockfish, an ovoviviparity teleost, which provides over 60% nutrition supply for over 50 000 embryos though a placenta like structure during pregnant, was employed as the research model. In the present study, based on the gene cloning, we detected the expression pattern of both Il1b1and its receptor perinatal period, as well as the localization to the ovary by in situ hybridization. The different expression genes in transcriptomic data of perinatal primary ovarian cells treated with the recombinant IL1β1 (rIL1β1) obtained by prokaryotic expression system were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment and pathway analysis mainly included immune response, signal transduction and cell death. In summary, our research provides novel insights into the potential role of IL1β1 in the parturition of ovoviviparity teleost.Ilβ1 alters the perinatal ovary from quiescent status to inflammatory activation status leading to parturition by promoting PG synthesis in black rockfish.

Introduction The optimal management of major stump complications (operative infection or dehiscence) following below-knee-amputation (BKA) is unknown. We evaluated a novel operative strategy to aggressively treat major stump complications hypothesizing it would improve our rate of BKA salvage.Methods Retrospective review of patients requiring operative intervention for BKA stump complications between 2015 and 2021. A novel strategy employing staged operative debridement for source control, negative pressure wound therapy, and reformalization was compared to standard care (less structured operative source control or above knee amputation).Results 32 patients were studied, 29 of which were male (90.6%) with an average age of 56.1 ± 9.6 y. 30 (93.8%) had diabetes and 11 (34.4%) peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The novel strategy was used in 13 patients and 19 had standard care. Novel strategy patients had higher BKA salvage rates, 100% vs 73.7% (P= .064), and postoperative ambulatory status, 84.6% vs 57.9% (P= .141). Importantly, none of the patients undergoing the novel therapy had PAD, while all progressing to above-knee amputation (AKA) did. To better assess the efficacy of the novel technique, patients progressing to AKA were excluded. Patients undergoing novel therapy who had their BKA level salvaged (n = 13) were compared to usual care (n = 14). The novel therapy’s time to prosthetic referral was 72.8 ± 53.7 days vs 247 ± 121.6 days (P< .001), but they did undergo more operations (4.3 ± 2.0 vs 1.9 ± 1.1, P< .001).Conclusion Utilization of a novel operative strategy for BKA stump complications is effective in salvaging BKAs, particularly for patients without PAD.

We compared the effects of 7‐min practices of breathing and meditation on perceived stress reduction and related affective outcomes (active emotion, serenity, anxiety, and fatigue) during micro‐breaks. Undergraduates from two classes (N= 59) completed the 7‐point online surveys. Results supported the effects of both practices.

Exopolysaccharides from genistein-stimulated Monascus purpureus(G-EMP) exhibited immunomodulatory potential in vitro, but whether it had immune-enhancing effects in vivo and its potential mechanism are not yet known. Here, the immunomodulatory effects of G-EMP were investigated by establishing an immunosuppressed mouse model treated with cyclophosphamide (Cy). The results suggested that G-EMP effectively alleviated the signs of weight reduction and diet reduction caused by Cy, increased fecal water content and splenic index, and decreased the oxidative stress of the liver. Simultaneously, G-EMP improved Cy-induced intestinal injury by restoring villus length, increasing the number of cupped cells, upregulating the expression of mucin and tight junction proteins, and downregulating the ratio of apoptotic proteins (Bax/Bcl-2). It also boosted the levels of mouse colonic cytokines, CD4+and CD8+T cells. Additionally, G-EMP markedly enhanced immunomodulation via the activation of PI3K/AKT-MAPKs/NF-κB signal pathways. Furthermore, G-EMP intervention displayed a positive association with most immunological indexes by elevating the levels of short-chain fatty acids, varying gut microbiota composition, and enhancing beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae,and S24-7). These findings demonstrated that G-EMP can strengthen immunity, repair intestinal mucosal damage, regulate gut microbiota, and be a potential source of prebiotics.

Clarifying how radial gap affects the vibration characteristic of a disc-like structure is of importance in engineering applications, such as in evaluating the operational stability of a runner of a pump turbine. In the present investigation, the runner is simplified as a disc, and a physical experiment is designed on it with variable radial gaps to measure the vibration characteristics, especially by considering rotation. Two frequency peaks for the diametrical mode are generated due to the rotation, and those with lower and higher frequencies are defined as positive and negative modes, respectively. The frequency difference between positive and negative modes increases linearly with the increasing rotating speed, and a linear function is captured to describe the relationship between natural frequency and rotating speed. Regarding the radial gap, its increase causes a slight increase in the natural frequencies but results in a significant reduction in the hydrodynamic damping ratio. Especially in the smaller radial gap conditions, such as when the relative radial gap increases from 0.67% to 3.3%, the reduction in hydrodynamic damping ratio reaches 31.52%. From the perspective of suppressing the resonance amplitude, reducing the radial gap of a runner is recommended due to the mechanism of increasing hydrodynamic damping.

Three novel polyoxovanadate-based metal–organic frameworks (POV-MOFs), [Co2(1,4-dtzb)3]{V4O12} (V-Co-MOF1, 1,4-dtzb = 1,4-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene], [Co3(1,3-dtzb)2]{V6O18} (V-Co-MOF2, 1,3-dtzb = 1,3-di(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)benzene], [Co4(4,4´-bdtzb)2]{V8O24} (V-Co-MOF3, 4,4´-bdtzb = 4,4´-(1,1´-biphenyl)-4,4´-diylbis(4H-1,2,4-triazole)benzene] were facilely synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that all the POV-MOFs possess open V sites lined on POV clusters of {V4O12}/{V6O18}/{V8O24} that uniformly distribute on the robust three-dimensional frameworks. This unique structural feature allows them to show high performance for sulfide-sulfoxide transformation when performing the reaction in MeOH at 50 °C for 45 min using H2O2as green oxidant. Notably, V-Co-MOF1exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency, with a conversion > 99% and selectivity up to 97% for a series of sulfide substrates. Control reaction demonstrated the catalytically active centers are the open V sites while the MOF skeleton constructed from Co2+and ligands also contributes to enhance the conversion and selectivity via synergistic effect. Furthermore, V-Co-MOF1can be used as a stable heterogeneous catalyst, and both the structural integrity and catalytic performance were well reserved after five cycles, demonstrating their great potential for advanced catalytic oxidation.

Previous research has shown many benefits of mindfulness for physical and psychological health, including its link to such health behaviors as increased physical activity (PA). We re-examined the association between mindfulness and PA to better understand a possible mediating role of eudaimonic well-being in this association, while controlling for participants’ age, gender, and affect. We had 738 undergraduate student participants (45.0% females; Mage = 19.58 years) complete measures of trait mindfulness, eudaimonic well-being, and PA, and we used age, gender, and affect as covariates in a single-wave assessment. We conducted this mediation analysis with a bootstrapping technique to produce 10,000 resamples. We replicated findings of a significant relationship between mindfulness and enhanced eudaimonic well-being (β= 0.474, p< 0.001), which in turn contributed to increased PA (β= 0.193, p< 0.001). The bootstrapping method indicated a significant indirect effect of eudaimonic well-being (β= 0.092, 95% CI = [0.043, 0.142]) in the relationship between mindfulness and PA through eudaimonic well-being. Thus, eudaimonic well-being may mediate the connection between mindfulness and PA. College administrators should consider incorporating mindfulness into health promotion programs as a means of enhancing college students’ well-being and health behaviors.

Background: Data on resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality are inconsistent; the magnitude of associations between resting heart rate and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality varies across studies. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantitatively evaluate the associations in the general population. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and MEDLINE from inception to Jan. 1, 2015. We used a random-effects model to combine study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic spline functions to assess the dose-response relation. Results: A total of 46 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1 246 203 patients and 78 349 deaths for all-cause mortality, and 848 320 patients and 25 800 deaths for cardiovascular mortality. The relative risk with 10 beats/min increment of resting heart rate was 1.09 (95% CI 1.07-1.12) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) for cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest category, patients with a resting heart rate of 60-80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI 1.07-1.17) for all-cause mortality and 1.08 (95% CI 0.99-1.17) for cardiovascular mortality, and those with a resting heart rate of greater than 80 beats/min had a relative risk of 1.45 (95% CI 1.34-1.57) for all-cause mortality and 1.33 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) for cardiovascular mortality. Overall, the results did not differ after adjustment for traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Compared with 45 beats/min, the risk of all-cause mortality increased significantly with increasing resting heart rate in a linear relation, but a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular mortality was observed at 90 beats/min. Substantial heterogeneity and publication bias were detected. Interpretation: Higher resting heart rate was independently associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This indicates that resting heart rate is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population., Resting heart rate is a familiar, straightforward and inexpensive-to-measure clinical variable, and it can be modified by a number of factors, such as physical activity, psychologic stress, smoking, intake of [...]

Stem cell-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Current limitations of stem cells include with their insufficient cell source, poor proliferation capacity, low nucleus pulposus (NP)-specific differentiation potential, and inability to avoid pyroptosis caused by the acidic IDD microenvironment after transplantation. To address these challenges, embryo-derived long-term expandable nucleus pulposus progenitor cells (NPPCs) and esterase-responsive ibuprofen nano-micelles (PEG-PIB) were prepared for synergistic transplantation. In this study, we propose a biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy; the PEG-PIB were endocytosed to pre-modify the NPPCs with adaptability in harsh IDD microenvironment through inhibiting pyroptosis. The results indicated that the PEG-PIB pre-modified NPPCs exhibited inhibition of pyroptosis in vitro; their further synergistic transplantation yielded effective functional recovery, histological regeneration, and inhibition of pyroptosis during IDD regeneration. Herein, we offer a novel biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy for synergistic transplantation with promising therapeutic effects in IDD regeneration.

To clarify the length and volume reduction of seminal vesicles (SVs) after neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT), in order to help contour the optimal SV included into high-dose clinical target volume (CTV) for radiotherapy in intermediate- and high-risk patients.

The three-bucket jacket foundation is a new type of foundation for offshore wind turbine that has the advantages of fast construction speed and suitability for deep water. The study of the hoisting and launching process is of great significance to ensure construction safety in actual projects. In this paper, a new launching technology is proposed that is based on the foundation of the three-bucket jacket for offshore wind turbine. A complete time domain simulation of the launching process of three-bucket jacket foundation is carried out by a theoretical analysis combined with hydrodynamic software Moses. At the same time, the effects of different initial air storage and sea conditions on the motion response of the structure and the hoisting cable tension are studied. The results show that the motion response of the structure is the highest when it is lowered to 1.5 times the bucket height. The natural period of each degree of freedom of the structure increases with the increase of the lowering depth. The structural motion response and the hoisting cable tension vary greatly in the early phases of Stages I and III, smaller in Stage II, and gradually stabilize in the middle and late phases of Stage III.

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted wide attention over the past few decades due to their fantastic applications in modern life. Nevertheless, excellent self-healing properties, recyclability, solid-state plasticity, and reversible shape-switching ability are necessary but can rarely be satisfied in one material. Herein, we report multifunctional SMPs by constructing a dynamic boronic ester bond cross-linking network using sustainable Eucommia ulmoidesgum as a raw material. Thanks to the crystallization and wide melting temperature range, these kinds of SMPs have thermal-triggered one-way shape memory performance and show two-way shape memory properties, whether under constant stress or stress-free conditions. Owing to the dynamic nature of the boronic ester bond, it exhibits good self-healing properties (near 100% at 80 °C), shape reconfigurability, and chemical recyclability. In addition, by incorporating multiwalled carbon nanotubes, the formed composite is responsive to 808 nm near-infrared light. Its applications are further exploited, including photoresponsive actuators, vascular stents, and light-driven switches. This paper provides a simple way for fabricating multifunctional SMPs, and the as-prepared materials have potential applications in diverse fields, such as biomedicine, intelligent sensing, and soft robotics.

With the increasing demand for low-cost high-throughput sequencing of large genomes, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has developed rapidly. NGS can not only be used in basic scientific research but also in clinical diagnostics and healthcare. Numerous software systems and tools have been developed to analyze NGS data, and various data formats have been produced to accommodate different sequencing equipment providers or analytical software. However, the data interoperability between these tools brings great challenges to researchers. A generic format that could be shared by most of the software and tools in the NGS field would make data interoperability and sharing easier. In this paper, we defined a general XML-based NGS markup language (NGSML) format for the representation and exchange of NGS data. We also developed a user-friendly GUI tool, NGSMLEditor, for presenting, creating, editing, and converting NGSML files. By using NGSML, various types of NGS data can be saved in one unified format. Compared with the unstructured plain text file, a structured data format based on XML technology solves the incompatibility of various NGS data formats. The NGSML specifications are freely available from http://www.sysbio.org.cn/NGSML. NGSMLEditor is open source under GNU GPL and can be downloaded from the website.

Ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy (LFH) has been recognised as one of the key contributors to lumbar spinal stenosis. Currently, no effective methods are available to ameliorate this hypertrophy. In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC-EVs) were introduced for the first time as promising vehicles for drug delivery to treat LFH. The downregulation of miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p expressions in human LF tissues negatively correlated with increased LF thickness. The hUCMSC-EVs enriched with these two miRNAs significantly suppressed LFH in vivoand notably ameliorated the progression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)-induced fibrosis in vitroafter delivering these two miRNAs to mouse LF cells. The results further demonstrated that miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p directly bonded to the 3′-UTR regions of SMAD4 mRNA, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD4 signalling pathway. Therefore, this translational study determined the effectiveness of a hUCMSC-EVs-based approach for the treatment of LFH and revealed the critical target of miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p. Our findings provide new insights into promising therapeutics using a hUCMSC-EVs-based delivery system for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.

The aberrant aging hypothesis of schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been proposed, and the DNA methylation (DNAm) clock, which is a cumulative evaluation of DNAm levels at age-related CpGs, could serve as a biological aging indicator. This study evaluated epigenetic brain aging of ASD and SCZ using Horvath’s epigenetic clock, based on two public genome-wide DNA methylation datasets of post-mortem brain samples (NASD= 222; NSCZ= 142). Total subjects were further divided into subgroups by gender and age. The epigenetic age acceleration (AgeAccel) for each sample was calculated as the residual value resulting from the regression model and compared between groups. Results showed DNAm age has a strong correlation with chronological age in both datasets across multiple brain regions (P< 0.05). When divided into equally sized age groups, the AgeAccelof the cerebellum (CB) region from people over 45 years of age was greater compared to the control sample (AgeAccelof ASD vs control: 5.069 vs −6.249; P< 0.001). And a decelerated epigenetic aging process was observed in the CB region of individuals with SCZ aged 50–70 years (AgeAccelof SCZ vs control: −3.171 vs 2.418; P< 0.05). However, our results showed no significant difference in AgeAccelbetween ASD and control groups, and between SCZ and control groups in the total and gender-specific groups (P> 0.05). This study’s results revealed some evidence for aberrant epigenetic CB brain aging in old-aged patients with ASD and SCZ, indicating a different pattern of CB aging in older adults with these two diseases. However, further studies of larger ASD and SCZ cohorts are necessary to make definitive conclusions on this observation.

Conventional X-ray imaging architectures feature data redundancy and hardware consumption due to the separated sensory terminal and computing units. In-sensor computing architectures are promising to overcome such drawbacks. However, its realization in the X-ray range remains elusive. We propose an ion distribution-induced reconfigurable mechanism and demonstrate the X-ray band in-sensor computing array based on Pb-free perovskite. Redistribution of Br− ion in perovskite induces the switching of positive and negative (PN) and NP modes under electrical pooling. X-ray detection sensitivity can be switched between two stable self-power sensing modes with 4373 ± 298 and $-7804\,\,\pm \,\,429\,\,\mu \text{C}$ ${\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}^{-{1}}$ cm−2, respectively, which are superior to that of commercial a-Se detectors ( $20 ~\mu \text{C}$ ${\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}^{-1}$ cm−2). Both modes exhibit a low detection limit of 48.4 ${\mathrm {nGy}}_{{\text {air}}}\,\,\text{s}^{-{1}}$ , which is two orders lower than the typical medical dose rate of $5.5 ~\mu {\mathrm {Gy}}_{{\text {air}}}\,\,\text{s}^{-{1}}$ . The perovskite array sensors can integrate with thin-film transistors (TFTs) with low-temperature (80 °C) process, in which the photocurrent distribution under irradiation shows good uniformity. An in-sensor computing algorithm of attention mechanism is performed on array sensors for chest X-ray images disease recognition, which enables an accuracy improvement of up to 98.2%. Our results can pave the way for future intelligent X-ray imaging.

Recommender systems have been widely used by online stores to suggest items of interest to users. These systems often identify a subset of items from a much larger set that [...]

Anxiety-like behaviors in mice include social avoidance and avoidance of bright spaces. Whether these features are distinctly regulated is unclear. We demonstrate that in mice, social and anxiogenic stimuli, respectively, increase and decrease serotonin (5-HT) levels in basal amygdala (BA). In dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), 5-HT∩vGluT3 neurons projecting to BA parvalbumin (DRN5-HT∩vGluT3-BAPV) and pyramidal (DRN5-HT∩vGluT3-BAPyr) neurons have distinct intrinsic properties and gene expression and respond to anxiogenic and social stimuli, respectively. Activation of DRN5-HT∩vGluT3→BAPVinhibits 5-HT release via GABABreceptors on serotonergic terminals in BA, inducing social avoidance and avoidance of bright spaces. Activation of DRN5-HT∩vGluT3→BA neurons inhibits two subsets of BAPyrneurons via 5-HT1A receptors (HTR1A) and 5-HT1B receptors (HTR1B). Pharmacological inhibition of HTR1A and HTR1B in BA induces avoidance of bright spaces and social avoidance, respectively. These findings highlight the functional significance of heterogenic inputs from DRN to BA subpopulations in the regulation of separate anxiety-related behaviors.

Progression of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) into chronic neurodegeneration is a major health problem with no protective treatments. Here, we report that acutely elevated mitochondrial fission after TBI in mice triggers chronic neurodegeneration persisting 17 months later, equivalent to many human decades. We show that increased mitochondrial fission after mouse TBI is related to increased brain levels of mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) and that brain Fis1 is also elevated in human TBI. Pharmacologically preventing Fis1 from binding its mitochondrial partner, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), for 2 weeks after TBI normalizes the balance of mitochondrial fission/fusion and prevents chronically impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative damage, microglial activation and lipid droplet formation, blood-brain barrier deterioration, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. Delaying treatment until 8 months after TBI offers no protection. Thus, time-sensitive inhibition of acutely elevated mitochondrial fission may represent a strategy to protect human TBI patients from chronic neurodegeneration.

Transition metal selenides have attracted much attention as an electrode material with an ideal composition. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research on the design of its microstructure. In this paper, porous folded nickel‑cobalt‑zinc-selenide electrode materials were obtained by using hydrothermal method with annealing. This structure provides a large number of active sites and shortens the ion diffusion pathway, thus facilitating the enhancement of electrochemical processes. The finite element analysis shows that the pleated structure has more excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, it was used as an electrode material, exhibiting an area specific capacitance of 2475 mF cm−2at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. The capacity retention rate of the electrode is still as high as 81.0 % after 5000 cycle tests. To further validate its practical application, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) consisting of NiCoZn-Se electrodes and activated carbon (AC) electrodes was fabricated. The device exhibited an area specific capacitance of 950 mF cm−2at 4 mA cm−2and still had 82 % of the initial capacity after 8000 cycles. In addition, the flexibility test shows that the device still maintains good electrochemical performance at different bending angles. These findings indicate that this electrode material has significant potential for application.

Byline: Feng. Chen, Jia. Li, Xin. Qi, Jun. Qi Background: Lung cancer is sometimes difficult to differentiate from benign lung diseases with nodular shadow in imaging scan. In these cases, [...]

Pb-free perovskite material is considered to be a promising material utilized in next-generation X-ray detectors due to its high X-ray absorption coefficient, decent carrier transport properties, and relatively low toxicity. However, the pixelation of the perovskite material with an industry-level photolithography processing method remains challenging due to its poor structural stability. Herein, we use Cs2AgBiBr6perovskite material as the prototype and investigate its interaction with photolithographic polar solvents. Inspired by that, we propose a wafer-scale photolithography patterning method, where the pixeled perovskite array devices for X-ray detection are successfully prepared. The devices based on pixeled Pb-free perovskite material show a high detection sensitivity up to 19118 ± 763 μC Gyair–1cm–2, which is comparable to devices with Pb-based perovskite materials and superior to the detection sensitivity (∼20 μC Gyair–1cm–2) of the commercial a-Se detector. After pixelation, the devices achieve an improved spatial resolution capacity with the spatial frequency from 2.7 to 7.8 lp mm–1at modulation-transfer-function (MTF) = 0.2. Thus, this work may contribute to the development of high-performance array X-ray detectors based on Cs2AgBiBr6perovskite material.

ABSTRACTAlthough government-led housing affordability policy is an important issue worldwide, there has been little research on how local governments’ commitment to such policy affects people’s subjective well-being or happiness. By combining the analysis of textual information from provincial governments’ annual working reports and microdata from four waves of the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this article empirically explores the relationship between political discourses of provincial governments’ committment to housing affordability policies (HAPC) and residents’ self-reported happiness. Our results suggest that Chinese urban residents’ happiness is higher when the local government promises greater dedication to housing affordability improvement; however, this phenomenon existed only in the early 2010s, and the relationship between HAPC and residents’ happiness was insignificant in the mid-2010s, and even became negative in the late 2010s. In addition, we also find that the the association between HAPC and residents’ happiness differs among population groups. We conclude the article with discussions of the implications of the findings for housing policymaking and urban governance.

The dense granular flow spallation target is a new target concept proposed for an Accelerator-Driven Sub-critical (ADS) system. In this paper, the beam-target configurations of a tungsten granular flow target for the ADS with a thermal power of 1 GW is explored. The beam profile options using different scanning methods are discussed. The critical geometry parameters are adjusted to investigate the performance of the granular target from the aspects of neutron efficiency, stability and temperature distribution in target medium. To figure out how the target under accident conditions would behave, different clogging conditions are induced in the simulation. The dynamic processes are analyzed and some important parameters such as abnormal temperature rise and beam cutoff time window are obtained. The response of the sub-critical reactor to a clogging accident is also investigated. It is indicated that the monitoring of the granular flow by the neutron detectors in the sub-critical core will be effective.

Purifying oily and Cu2+ions-containing waste waters is still a challenge over the world. Traditional adsorption materials struggle to efficiently remove both pollutants. In this study, an underwater superoleophobic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tannic acid (TA) based PVA-TA hydrogel was first prepared for the removal of both oils and Cu(II) ions. CaCO3was subsequently incorporated to enhance the mechanical properties and Cu2+adsorption capacities through electrostatic attractions. Both PVA-TA and PVA-TA/CaCO3hydrogel-intermediated materials exhibited underwater superoleophobic and can be used to purify oily water, achieving separation efficiencies exceeding 99.20 % even after 60 cycles. Furthermore, these materials demonstrated excellent self-cleaning performance against viscous oil. The addition of CaCO3can also improve the mechanical durability and chemical resistance of the PVA-TA under robbing, varying pH levels, and saline conditions. Moreover, the maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the PVA-TA/CaCO3are 62.11 mg g−1and 86.71 %, respectively; surpassing those of the PVA-TA due to increased micro-hole density and electrostatic interactions between CaCO3and Cu(II). These porous materials can be further applied to purify real-life wastewater, indicating their potential for efficient practical wastewater treatment. This work not only provides effective porous materials for purifying oily and Cu2+-containing waste waters but also improves a simple method for preparing underwater superoleophobic hydrogel-intermediated materials.

Background: The way of testicular tissue fixation directly affects the correlation and structural integrity between connective tissue and seminiferous tubules, which is essential for the study of male reproductive development. This study aimed to find the optimal fixative and fixation time to produce high-quality testicular histopathological sections, and provided a suitable foundation for in-depth study of male reproductive development with digital pathology technology. Methods: Testes were removed from both sides of 25 male C57BL/6 mice. Samples were fixed in three different fixatives, 10% neutral buffered formalin (10% NBF), modified Davidson’s fluid (mDF), and Bouin’s Fluid (BF), for 8, 12, and 24 h, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid Schiff-hematoxylin (PAS-h) staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate the testicle morphology, staging of mouse seminiferous tubules, and protein preservation. Aperio ScanScope CS2 panoramic scanning was used to perform quantitative analyses. Results: H&E staining showed 10% NBF resulted in an approximately 15–17% reduction in the thickness of seminiferous epithelium. BF and mDF provided excellent results when staining acrosomes with PAS-h. IHC staining of synaptonemal complexes 3 (Sycp3) was superior in mDF compared to BF-fixed samples. Fixation in mDF and BF improved testis tissue morphology compared to 10% NBF. Conclusions: Quantitative analysis showed that BF exhibited a very low IHC staining efficiency and revealed that mouse testes fixed for 12 h with mDF, exhibited morphological details, excellent efficiency of PAS-h staining for seminiferous tubule staging, and IHC results. In addition, the morphological damage of testis was prolonged with the duration of fixation time.

Recently, it has been realized that in some systems internal space rotation can induce energy amplification for scattered waves, similar to rotation in real space. In particularly, it has been shown that energy extraction is possible for a Q-ball, a stationary non-topological soliton that is coherently rotating in its field space. In this paper, we generalize the analysis to the case of boson stars, and show that the same energy extraction mechanism still works for boson stars.