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Biscroyunoid A (1), a 19-nor-clerodane diterpenoid dimer featuring a unique C-16–C-12′ linkage and containing an unusual 4,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[benzofuran-6,1′-cyclohexane] motif, together with its biosynthetic precursor, croyunoid A (2), were isolated from Croton yunnanensis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic, computational, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Compound 1exerted an antihepatic fibrosis effect in LX-2 cells via inhibition of TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling.

Based on three kinds of composite T-joints with different connection way for tension test outside the plane, it was obtained contrastively that how the ordinary adhesive, Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement three different fitting influence tensile strength, damage failure process and failure mode of composite T-joints. The test results showed that compared with ordinary adhesive connection mode, tensile strength of the Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement T-joints increased by 13.6% and 11.4%, respectively; and the largest deformation increased by 19.2% and 15.1%, respectively. After reaching maximum load condition, the ordinary adhesive T-joints had brittle failures, but Z-pin reinforcement and stitching reinforcement T-joints all showed that the ductile damage behavior, corresponding to the load-displacement curve appeared saw-tooth wave platform. Obviously, the Z-pin reinforcement T-joints had the most significant reinforcement effect on tensile properties of composite laminates T-joints.

Ti1-xSixN/AlTiN dual-layer coatings with different Si content were prepared by cathode arc evaporation to study the effect of Si-doping on the coatings. The composition, morphology, and microstructure of the coatings were characterized using SEM, XRD, and XPS. The hardness, elastic modulus, and adhesion strength were measured by nano-indentation and micro-scratch. Results show that coatings all consist of TiN grains and Si3N4amorphous phases. Ti1-xSixN/AlTiN dual-layer coating has the highest hardness of 43.07 GPa at a Si content of 0.19 and the lowest elastic modulus of 314.46 GPa at a Si content of 0.25. High-speed milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was performed to evaluate the cutting performance of the coated tools. The value and amplitude of the cutting force were collected to analyze the wear condition of tools. When cutting speed at 120 m/min, the coating with a Si content of 0.19 shows the best cutting performance, having the lowest cutting force and flank wear. The higher silicon content increases the bonding of titanium alloy, influencing the stability during cutting. The lower silicon content reduces the wear resistance of the coating and shorten tool life. Suitable Si content of the coating has been proved effective in improving the cutting performance on Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Immune dysregulation may be involved in the development of endometriosis. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 plays an important role in eliminating unwanted cells and cellular debris in a silent way. We investigated the modulatory role of IL-10 in the development of endometriosis. We observed that the serum level of IL-10 in patients with endometriosis was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects or in control subjects with other gynecological disease. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells acquired from male donors and subsequently conditioned with serum from women with endometriosis exhibited a tolerogenic phenotype, including increased IL-10 production, lower IL-12 secretion, and down-regulation of CD86 and HLA-DR molecules. Depletion of IL-10 activity in a C57BL/6 mouse model of surgically induced endometriosis significantly decreased the size of endometrial lesions. In contrast, IL-10 administration promoted the growth of endometrial lesions in this model. In addition, infiltrated plasmacytoid dendritic cells were the primary IL-10–secreting immune cells in endometrial lesions. Our findings suggest that IL-10 may suppress immunity against endometrial implants, contributing to development of endometriosis.

The activation effects of single activator and some combined activators on Yunnan copper oxide ore were studied with Drawing a conclusion that the best activation - xanthate flotation result could be obtained by using sodium sulfide and ethylenediamine phosphate as the combined activator. on this basis, the open and closed circuit flotation tests were done , and in the closed circuit flotation test ,the flotation concentrate with yield of 5.90%, copper grade of 16.01% and recovery of 74.38% was obtained

High intensity magnetic separation tests have been carried out on the oolitic limonite ore with complex relations between limonite and gangue minerals of Honghe prefecture, and a optimal flowsheet for recover limonite from run-of-mine was adopted at last. High intensity magnetic separation flowsheet with one stage rougher, cleaner and scavenger, which have been studied respectively. Iron concentrate containing 55.18%Fe could be obtained at yield of 53.20% and recovery of Fe 68.45 % in closed circuit test.

Some methods and application status for Recovery of scandium and extraction of high purity scandium oxide from materials containing scandium were summarized . some corresponding recovery methods and extraction processes were suggested.

Extraction of humic acid from lignite is an efficient method of comprehensive utilization of resource. Based on the trial test, the main factors such as extracting time, concentration of alkaline solution and extracting temperature, which were chosen as parameters to access their effects on extracting rate and identify the optimal conditions by using RSM. Box-behnken central composite design and advanced mathematics were applied to achieve the mathematical model that could predict the response (extraction rate). The results showed that the best technological conditions could be obtained， when extracting time was 82.32min, temperature was 65.83℃ and the concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.94mol/L. Prediction model showed that the maximum extracting rate was 89.19% and the actual experiment obtained a similar result.

The grade of molybdenum in one processed tailing from a molybdenum plant is 0.0063%.The assay of mineral composition shows that the molybdenum metal mainly exists in the form of molybdenite. Employing the flow-sheet with one rougher and one scavenger, in which kerosene is used as collector, we can obtain the rough concentrate, of which the yield is 0.65%, and its grade is 0.73% with a recovery of 77.04%. Then, the rough molybdenum concentrate was milled and floated again, and its yield of final flotation concentrate is 0.01534%, with the grade of 24.87% and a recovery of 61.39%.

Experimental and numerical investigations of adhesively stiffened composite panels were performed to discuss the load-carrying capacity of different design at stiffener run-out. The compression experiment revealed that the failure was initiated at the edge of the run-out and propagated across the skin-stiffener interface. A fracture mechanical approach to utilize cohesive finite element was adopted in the numerical analysis of these specimens. It was shown that the finite element analysis using solid element and cohesive element was able to qualitatively predict the crack growth characteristics for each specimen

In order to determine the mechanical properties of the carbon/polyurethane composite laminate with splicing ply, the tensile testing were performed on laminate specimens which has been designed specially. The tensile elastic modulus and tensile strength were obtained from the experimental datum. The breakage happened in place of joint gap. The stiffness of the composite laminate was affected by the oblique splicing ply significantly, but the strength is mainly determined by the continuous layers. The laminate is failure in low load. The numerical analyses using linear elastic and progressive damage model were conducted with the commercial the finite element model (FEM) software ABAQUS. The linear elastic FEM is established to calculate the inter-laminar stress. The progressive model is used to predict the strength on the basis of numerical computation. There are three different criteria used here in the strength prediction. By combining the damage model with classical lamination theory, the behavior of laminates under plane stress loading is predicted. The results show that the experimental tests are in good agreement with the finite element simulation.

The tensile strength of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix layer splice laminate was studied. Three specimens (M1.M2.M3) were cut from laminates with different joint location and the number of layer splice. Load schemes were performed and typical load-displacement curves of three specimens were recorded. The result shows that the joint location has seriously effect on the tensile strength and modulus of specimens. The tensile strength of M2 is obviously lower than that of M1 and M3. Furthermore finite element ABAQUS6.5 was also used to simulate the course of experimental test. The result shows that shear stress concentration occurs on the joint of model. The shear stress on the model M1 and M2 has the similar trend and concentrates in the middle of the joint area. And on the model of M3 the shear stress has a completely different trend from the M1 and M2 model. On the M2 the shear stress concentration is slightly higher than the other two. It indicates that the tensile strength of M2 is the lowest among the three models. So, the inter-laminar shear stress is the major factor leading tensile failure. The experimental tests are consistent with the finite element analysis.

In this paper experimental and FEA methods were used to study the damage propagation and failure properties of stiffened composite panels with discrete-source damage. The influence of discrete-source damage on residual strength of the composite panel was also investigated. The research results indicated that notched composite panel was suitable to simulate the damage property of stiffened composite panel with discrete-source damage. It has showed that there is high strain concentration at the notch end. And break-through of the stringer can make the load path changed. Based on different failure criteria, FEA method with progressive failure procedure was used to simulate the damage progression and failure procedure of the notched stiffened composite panel effectively. The analytical result was in good correspondence with the experimental data.

Delamination is one of the important damage modes in the fiber-reinforced composite laminates. The interlaminar fracture toughness is the key parameter in delamination failure analysis of composites. The stress analysis by a finite element modeling has shown that the shear stress is very large near the ply splicing area. So the delamination failure is mainly dependent on the mode II fracture toughness. A new way of loading in tensile testing is proposed for the measurement of mode II fracture toughness. Specific specimen with splicing plies has been designed and used for the experiment. Testing study on the carbon-fiber-reinforced laminate with ply splicing was performed. Steady crack propagation has been seen by the tensile testing of the specimen. Mode II fracture toughness GIIC of the laminate has been determined by the experiment data analysis. The experiment and numerical analysis shows that the tensile testing for the measurement of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness is feasible.

The Bauschinger effect (BE) of X80 Pipeline Steel was tested through axial tension and compression loading. Forward and reverse axial loading schemes were performed to investigate the influence of deformation history on the mechanical character. The curves of forward and reverse stress-strain were both recorded. The results show that the yield strength decreases as the pre-plastic strain increases. On the basis of the experimental data, an empirical formula was derived regarding the decrement of the yield strength as a function of the pre-plastic strain. Additionally, further investigations on the BE of X80 steel were conducted by bending tests. The bending moment-strain curves were all recorded for both first and reverse loading. It shows that the yield moment also decreases as the pre-plastic strain increases. Based on the theory of elastic-plastic mechanics, the formula of yield moment decrement as the pre-plastic strain increase was obtained. The results show that the experimental tests are in good agreement with the formula prediction.

A method of damage detection and fault diagnosis for gears is presented based on the theory of elastomeric dynamics according to the theory of cracked beam. It takes an advantage of accurate fault diagnosis of gear body using the change of dynamic features and has some advantages for dynamic design of gear systems.The dynamics characteristics, i.e., natural frequency, vibration shape,dynamic response and so on, due to crack of gear tooth are studied, and the gear dynamics characteristics caused by the position and size of crack are deeply investigated by comparison with FEM. The theoretical analysis results are contrasted with numerical simulation results and shows good agreement with the result by FEM. The proposed method can be used to detect damage and diagnose fault for gear structures and also can be applied to designing dynamic characteristics for gear systems.

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Herbal medicine can present an alternative way of treating liver cancer. Here, we explored a matrine- and sophoridine-containing herbal compound medicine (AH-05) extracted from Adenophora capillaris, Sophora flavescens, Astragalus, and other plants. H22 and HepG2 cell models, as well as an H22 xenograft model, were established. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured in vitro, and tumor volume and weight were observed in vivo. The activation of AKT/mTOR and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in tumor cells and the polarization of CD4/CD8 T cells in the spleen were tested. To assess safety, hematological toxicity and pathology of the liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were evaluated. AH-05 inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, tumor volume and weight were reduced, and the activation of NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, AKT, p-AKT Ser473, and mTOR was suppressed. In addition, AH-05 promoted CD4+T cell polarization in the spleen. With regard to safety, slight intestinal mucosa edema was observed, but no severe pathological or hematological toxicity was detected. AH-05 exhibited its therapeutic effects against liver cancer by regulating the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways, and the immune environment, by promoting CD4+T cell polarization in the spleen. Thus, AH-05 represents a potential supplementary herbal compound medicine for liver cancer.

The case of a female who had severe, rare, terminal breast mucinous carcinoma (BMC) and failed to receive surgery and chemotherapy was reported. The patient was diagnosed with pure BMC (ER++, PR++, CerbB-2−, and Ki-67 10%) accompanied with bilateral lungs, bilateral chest walls with skin ulcer (D = 14 cm), lymph nodes of bilateral armpits, and right supraclavicular metastases. ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) and NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) pain scores were 4 and 6, respectively. Because the patient refused traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy on religious grounds, an herbal medicine containing Panax ginseng, Agrimonia pilosa, and white flower Patrinia herb was administered; extensive nursing for tumor debridement was also provided. Quality of Life (QOL) improved and pain reduced. Tumor-bearing survival time was prolonged. The present case dictates that herbal extract medicines and supportive treatment can be helpful for uncommon severe BMC as an appropriate alternative treatment.