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At the anniversary of the attacks by al-Qae'da, it is clear that because of its galvanizing effect upon the Bush Jr. Administration, 9/11 has been a greater shock to the [...]

The figures are unremittingly stark. Last year alone 2.2 million people died from Aids in sub-Saharan Africa. Twenty-five million people are infected with Aids in Africa. It is not like [...]

Since African history began to be produced in quantity one-and-a-half academic generations ago, there have rarely been shortages of new explanatory theory, though sometimes there has been paucity of data, more often of field than of archival materials. Usually there has been little open discussion of the kinds of methodological problems that both of the other circumstances pose. This contribution to that debate attempts to be deliberately simple, perhaps naive, in order to permit general points to peer through specific examples. It is about the intellectual, technical, and personal complications of field work generally and is illustrated from my own research on the last hundred years in Bulozi, the western part of Zambia. In topic as well as technique, I hope that these experiences have a wider relevance, for much attention is focused on the times of colonial impact.I have in the title purposely set limits on the discussion. I look at the grist being brought to the mill rather than at what is done with it after it has been ground, in the belief that if the quantity and nature of adulteration can be judged -- for no grain is entirely pure -- one may hope to compensate for it in the baking and so produce reasonable bread. Also, extending the analogy a little, I shall identify types of grain, for no amount of baker's skill can produce a wheat loaf from rye flour.

F. Barnaby, The Automated Battlefield. New York: The Free Press, 1986. Pp.185; $18.95.R. Berg and A.D. Rotfeld, Building Security in Europe: Confidence -Building Measures and the CSCE. New York: Institute for East-West Security Studies, 1986. Pp.iii + 181; paperback; NP.A. Pierre (ed.), The Conventional Defense of Europe: New Technologies and New Strategies (Europe/America series No.5), New York and London: New York University Press, 1986. Pp.xii + 185; $19.50.

Raymond Aron, Clausewitz: Philosopher of War.London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983. Pp.xi + 418; £15.95.Hew Strachan, Wellington's Legacy: The Reform of the British Army, 1830-1854.Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984. Pp.x + 302; £27.John Sweetman, War and Administration: The Significance of the Crimean War for the British Army.Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1984. Pp.vii + 174; £16.Alistair Horne, The French Army and Politics, 1870-1970.London: Macmillan, 1984. Pp.xvii + 109; £15; £4.95 (paperback).Keith Robbins, The First World War.Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. Pp.viii + 186; £12.50.Williamson Murray, The Change in the European Balance of Power, 1938-1939: The Path to Ruin.Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. Pp.xix + 494; $40; $15 (paperback).Charles Cruickshank, SOE in the Far East.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983. Pp.xv + 285; £12.95.Bradley F. Smith, The Shadow Warriors: O.S.S. and the Origins of the CIA.New York: Basic Books, 1983. Pp.xvi + 507; $20.75.Geoffrey Till (ed.), The Future of British Sea Power.London: Macmillan, 1984. Pp.xvi + 265; £25.Richard A. Gabriel (comp.), The Mind of the Soviet Fighting Man. A Quantitative Survey of Soviet Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen.Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp.xviii + 156; £32.50.G.M. Dillon, Dependence and Deterrence. Aldershot: Gower, 1983. Pp. viii + 206; £14.50.P. Malone, The British Nuclear Deterrent.London and Sydney: Croom Helm and New York: St Martin's Press, 1984. Pp.200; £16.95.Michael Mandelbaum, The Nuclear Future.Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1983. Pp.131; NP.William H. Baugh, The Politics of Nuclear Balance.New York and London: Longman, 1948. Pp.xii + 276; £14.50.Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, The War Trap.New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983. Pp.223; £6.95.John Simpson, The Independent Nuclear State. The United States, Britain and the Military Atom.London: MacMillan, 1983. Pp.xiv + 340; £25.

The new discipline of Global Security Studies is defined as the consideration of transnational issues with global implications that can only be solved by collaborative endeavour. There is a need for new thinking leading to actions for a sustainable future. An analogy is drawn with the preventive activities of public health medicine, and the opportunities presented to Medical Action for Global Security are examined.

Discusses the global issue on water. Effects of global warming to water basins; Details on the effect of melting icebergs; Definition of deforestation and the damages it causes; Information on water wars.

Reports on the arguments by the Secretary of State for Defence, George Robertson, as he describes the post Cold War. Need to look at the defence thoroughly to ensure that military capabilities are matched to real foreign and security policy needs; Information on a RIAA study on Strategy, Force Planning and Diplomatic/Military Operations (DMOs); Findings of the study.