Search

There have been no specific causes as to why declines in unionization have occurred over the past 20 or 30 years. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' Surveys indicate that between 1961 and 1984, a significant number of employees in unions declined to 51% from 73%. This decline was among production employees within metropolitan areas, and dipped to 12% from 17% for non-supervisory clerical workers. It has been found that declines in union membership can be attributed to employment shifts, and that job change has different affects depending on if the shift entails an employee change. Unions have been fighting to maintain both membership and public approval. Although union approval declined until 1981, people's attitudes toward organized labor never became negative. This study has found that the percentage of the general public that approves of unions has increased recently in many important areas. The key to success of unions in the 21st Century seems to lie in the creation of a cooperative atmosphere between organized labor and management. In order to do so, unions must realize and address issues of importance to the changing work force and give voice to the skill demands of workers, more women in the work force, and the current health care crisis. The 21st Century holds in store for unions an image of reduced health care costs, greater participation by previously unorganized segments of the work force, and better understanding and an adaption to technological changes. All of these things will help corporations keep their costs lower and retain more employees, leading to greater job security, improved relations between labor and management, and more satisfied workers., In the past, unions were a major news item. It seemed that every other week some major union was threatening to disrupt a large segment of the economy by initiating [...]

The US poverty rate in 1992 is the same as in the late 1960s, showing that this major problem has not been solved. Because poverty is a result of several factors, government policy to solve poverty should be multifaceted and aim at eradicating the various causes of poverty. Several titles on poverty in the US and the government's antipoverty policy in the 20th century are cited.

Thomas Piketty’s blockbuster Capital in the Twenty-First Century was followed by the publication of Capital and Ideology in early 2020. This paper looks at the differences between the two books, and provides an analysis and a critique of the main advances in the new book. First, Piketty drops r>g as an explanation for rising inequality. Instead, inequality is generated and constrained by economic power supported by an ideology. Second, there is a focus on the political consequences of inequality, including the rise of right-wing populism and the election of people like Donald Trump. Third, there is a new policy proposal-changes in corporate governance that gives labor and government seats on the Board of Directors of public corporations.

Gina Satriano, a deputy district attorney with the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office will be spending the summer of 1994 playing for the Colorado Silver Bullets, a professional women's baseball team touring and playing men's teams. Satriano will be taking a six-month leave from her job to fulfill a life-long dream. She was a trailblazer twenty years ago when she became the first female Little Leaguer in California history. She also tried out for her college's men's baseball team, though she was not chosen, before heading to law school.

Abstract:This paper shows how cumulative causation supports Kaldor’s main policy proposals. Kaldor advocated an expenditure tax to encourage savings, which would lead to technological advancement, productivity growth, income growth, and more savings. Second, Kaldor argued that tax policy should favor the manufacturing sector. Because productivity growth is greater there, this would lead to greater aggregate productivity growth and income growth, which increases the demand for manufactured goods and leads to a virtuous cycle of growth and improved living standards. Finally, Kaldor used cumulative causation arguments against monetarism and to support an incomes policy to stop the inflationary wage-price spiral.

This paper examines Robert Heilbroner’s 1950 article in Harper’s Magazine on poverty in the USA. It argues that this piece was the first attempt to raise popular concerns about poverty in the USA after World War II, and in many ways sought to do what John Kenneth Galbraith’s The Affluent Society and Michael Harrington’s The Other America accomplished. Heilbroner was not successful in bringing the issue before poverty to public attention because he wrote at a time of great economic growth and at a time before TV brought images and ideas to a large fraction of the American public. He also wrote in a very conservative era, where McCarthyism reared its ugly head and where calls to eradicate poverty were met with intimations of a Communist conspiracy.