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Aim:To understand the phylogenomics, pathogenic/virulence-associated genes and genomic evolution of pathogenic Sporothrixspecies. Materials & methods:We performed in silicocomparative genome analysis of Sporothrixspecies using ab initiotools and in-house scripts. We predicted genes and repeats, compared genomes based on synteny, identified orthologous clusters, assessed genes family expansion/contraction, predicted secretory proteins and finally searched for similar sequences from various databases. Results:The phylogenomics revealed that Sporothrixspecies are closely related to Ophiostomaspecies. The gene family evolutionary analysis revealed the expansion of genes related to virulence (CFEM domain, iron acquisition genes, lysin motif domain), stress response (Su[var]3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax domain and Domain of unknown function 1996), proteases (aspartic protease, x-pro dipeptidyl-peptidase), cell wall composition associated genes (chitin deacetylase, chitinase) and transporters (major facilitator superfamily transporter, oligo-peptide transporter family) in Sporothrixspecies. Conclusion:The present study documents the putative pathogenic/virulence-associated genes in the Sporothrixspecies.

Marchais an ethnic amylolytic starter that is used to ferment boiled cereals to produce alcoholic drinks, commonly called jaanr, in the Himalayan Regions of Sikkim and Darjeeling of India.

ABSTRACTThe majority of species within the genus Malasseziaare lipophilic yeasts that colonize the skin of warm-blooded animals. Two species, Malassezia globosaand Malassezia restricta, are implicated in the causation of seborrheic dermatitis/dandruff (SD/D). During our survey of SD/D cases, we isolated several species of Malasseziaand noticed vast variations within a few lipid-dependent species. Variations observed in the phenotypic characteristics (colony morphology, absence of catalase activity, growth at 37°C, and precipitation surrounding wells containing Tween 20 or Cremophor EL) suggested the possible presence of a novel species. Sequence divergence observed in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the D1/D2 domain, and the intergenic spacer 1 (IGS1) region of rDNA and the TEF1gene, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the ITS2 region, and fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis support the existence of a novel species. Based on phenotypic and molecular characterization of these strains, we propose a new species, namely, M. arunalokeisp. nov., and we designate NCCPF 127130 (= MTCC 12054 = CBS 13387) as the type strain.