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Three-dimensional (3-D) models of archaeological artifacts can be obtained using free or low-cost image-based modeling (IBM) systems. IBM systems generate a 3-D model by processing a set of overlapping digital photographs of an object or scene. Sundials are generally located in inaccessible places, and photography may be the only method to study them. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of the 3-D modeling of archaeological objects obtained by IBM systems and embedded in a 3-D interactive portable document format (PDF) file. The process is illustrated by two case studies: a Roman sundial and a historical vertical sundial. The 3-D interactive PDF file allows for measuring some elements in the 3-D model. These measurements can be obtained easily and provide metric information about the sundials without touching them. Se pueden obtener modelos tridimensionales (3-D) de objetos arqueológicos utilizando sistemas de modelado basados en la imagen (IBM) de bajo coste o gratuitos. Los sistemas IBM generan un modelo 3-D mediante el procesado de un conjunto de fotografías digitales, que se solapan, de un objeto o escena. Los relojes de sol se sitúan generalmente en lugares inaccesibles y la fotografía puede ser el único método de estudiarlos. El propósito del presente documento es explorar el potencial del modelado 3-D de objetos arqueológicos obtenidos mediante sistemas IBM e incrustados en un formato interactivo 3-D de tipo PDF (formato de documento portátil). El proceso se ilustra mediante dos casos de estudio: un reloj solar romano y un reloj solar vertical histórico. El PDF interactivo 3-D permite medir algunos elementos en el modelo 3-D. Estas mediciones pueden obtenerse fácilmente y pueden proporcionar información métrica sobre los relojes de sol sin tocarlos. Les modèles en trois dimensions (3D) d’artefacts archéologiques peuvent être obtenus en utilisant des systèmes de modélisation à partir d’images gratuits ou à faible coût. Les systèmes de modélisation à partir d’images génèrent un modèle 3D en traitant un ensemble de photographies numériques chevauchantes d’un objet ou d’une scène. Les cadrans solaires sont généralement situés dans des endroits inaccessibles et la photographie peut être le seul moyen de les étudier. Cet article vise à explorer le potentiel de la modélisation 3D d’objets archéologiques obtenus par les systèmes de modélisation à partir d’images et incorporés dans un format de document portable (PDF) interactif 3D. Le processus est illustré par deux études de cas : un cadran solaire romain et un cadran solaire vertical historique. Le PDF 3D interactif permet de mesurer certains éléments dans le modèle 3D. Ces mesures peuvent être obtenues facilement et fournissent des informations métriques sur les cadrans solaires sans les toucher.

The image-based modelling systems create 3D models of objects using a set of overlapping photographs. Several applications are available that do not require a user expert or expensive equipment. In this paper, four free systems were applied in two cases: ReMake, which is a freemium software, CMP Web Service and Arc 3D, which are free web services, and Visual SfM, which is a free software. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applications that support topographical measurements and to assess the potential for their use in accurate modelling. The results show that these systems can be an auxiliary technique for surveyors and can provide an advantage in some cases.

El trasplante cardiaco es una terapia establecida para el paciente pediátrico con miocardiopatía o cardiopatía congénita terminales. El perfil de estos receptores ha ido cambiando. Presentamos nuestra experiencia de 24 años y analizamos los resultados.

Three-dimensional (3-D) models of archaeological artifacts can be obtained using free or low-cost image-based modeling (IBM) systems. IBM systems generate a 3-D model by processing a set of overlapping digital photographs of an object or scene. Sundials are generally located in inaccessible places, and photography may be the only method to study them. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of the 3-D modeling of archaeological objects obtained by IBM systems and embedded in a 3-D interactive portable document format (PDF) file. The process is illustrated by two case studies: a Roman sundial and a historical vertical sundial. The 3-D interactive PDF file allows for measuring some elements in the 3-D model. These measurements can be obtained easily and provide metric information about the sundials without touching them. Se pueden obtener modelos tridimensionales (3-D) de objetos arqueológicos utilizando sistemas de modelado basados en la imagen (IBM) de bajo coste o gratuitos. Los sistemas IBM generan un modelo 3-D procesando un conjunto de fotografías digitales solapadas de un objeto o escena. Los relojes de sol se sitúan generalmente en lugares inaccesibles y la fotografía puede ser el único método de estudiarlos. El propósito del presente documento es explorar el potencial del modelado 3-D de objetos arqueológicos obtenidos mediante sistemas IBM e incrustados en un formato interactivo 3-D de tipo PDF (formato de documento portátil). El proceso se ilustra mediante dos casos de estudio: un reloj solar romano y un reloj solar vertical histórico. El PDF interactivo 3-D permite medir algunos elementos en el modelo 3-D. Estas mediciones pueden obtenerse fácilmente y pueden proporcionar información métrica sobre los relojes solares sin tocarlos. Les modèles en trois dimensions (3D) d’artefacts archéologiques peuvent être obtenus en utilisant des systèmes de modélisation à partir d’images gratuits ou à faible coût. Les systèmes de modélisation à partir d’images génèrent un modèle 3D en traitant un ensemble de photographies numériques chevauchantes d’un objet ou d’une scène. Les cadrans solaires sont généralement situés dans des endroits inaccessibles et la photographie peut être le seul moyen de les étudier. Cet article vise à explorer le potentiel de la modélisation 3D d’objets archéologiques obtenus par les systèmes de modélisation à partir d’images et incorporés dans un format de document portable (PDF) interactif 3D. Le processus est illustré par deux études de cas: un cadran solaire romain et un cadran solaire vertical historique. Le PDF 3D interactif permet de mesurer certains éléments dans le modèle 3D. Ces mesures peuvent être obtenues facilement et fournissent des informations métriques sur les cadrans solaires sans les toucher.

Threshold estimation in the Peaks Over Threshold (POT) method and the impact of the estimation method on the calculation of high return period quantiles and their uncertainty (or confidence intervals) are issues that are still unresolved. In the past, methods based on goodness of fit tests and EDF‐statistics have yielded satisfactory results, but their use has not yet been systematized. This paper proposes a methodology for automatic threshold estimation, based on the Anderson‐Darling EDF‐statistic and goodness of fit test. When combined with bootstrapping techniques, this methodology can be used to quantify both the uncertainty of threshold estimation and its impact on the uncertainty of high return period quantiles. This methodology was applied to several simulated series and to four precipitation/river flow data series. The results obtained confirmed its robustness. For the measured series, the estimated thresholds corresponded to those obtained by nonautomatic methods. Moreover, even though the uncertainty of the threshold estimation was high, this did not have a significant effect on the width of the confidence intervals of high return period quantiles. A method for automatic threshold estimation is proposed for the application of the POT methodThe methods allow to quantify both the uncertainty of threshold and its impact on the uncertainty of high return period quantilesThe method is easily implementable and apply, therefore accessible to a wide audience of hydrological analysts

Bajo una perspectiva constructivista, los códigos disciplinares de la educación física son considerados como el resultado de un largo proceso de pugnas simbólicas en torno a la definición de cuerpo educado, sano y disciplinado. Entre las diversas pugnas libradas a lo largo del siglo XIX, constatamos la que se refiere a la definición de la gimnástica educativa donde los partidarios de un modelo higiénico y ortopédico consiguieron desacreditar las prácticas acrobáticas y apartarlas de los gimnasios escolares. Mediante el cotejo documental se colige que en la definición disciplinar de la educación física jugó un papel determinante la incómoda cercanía de la acrobacia a las artes escénicas populares, cuyo carácter espontáneo entraba en contradicción con los ideales académicos.

Este artículo representa el primer informe oficial del Registro Nacional Español de Asistencia Mecánica Circulatoria (ESPAMACS), y en él se expone la actividad del registro desde que comenzó a funcionar en octubre de 2014 hasta mayo de 2016. A lo largo de este periodo se han registrado 369 dispositivos de asistencia mecánica circulatoria implantados en 18 centros de nuestro país: 319 de corta duración (86,4%) y 50 de larga duración (13,6%). Se analiza el perfil de los pacientes (datos demográficos, comorbilidades, enfermedad de base, grado de insuficiencia cardiaca), el tipo de dispositivos implantados, las indicaciones, los datos operatorios y los resultados (evolución postoperatoria, duración del soporte, grado de consecución de objetivos, efectos adversos, supervivencia y causas de muerte).

ESPAMACS es el nuevo Registro Español de Asistencia Mecánica Circulatoria, que ha sido creado en el seno del Grupo de Trabajo de Asistencia Mecánica Circulatoria y Trasplante Cardiaco de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica-Cardiovascular (GRUTAT-SECTCV) con el objetivo de registrar todas las asistencias, tanto de corto como de largo plazo, que se implanten en España. Técnicamente, es una base de datos «on-line»que permite a los usuarios introducir datos a tiempo real desde cualquier puesto con acceso a Internet. Está operativa desde octubre del 2014, sustituyendo a la anterior base de datos en formato Microsoft Excel en la que se recogieron los dispositivos implantados entre 2007 y 2012. En el presente artículo se justifica la necesidad de este registro en el actual escenario de tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca, caracterizado por la progresión de la asistencia mecánica circulatoria y la limitada disponibilidad del trasplante cardiaco. Asimismo, se describen las características y el funcionamiento de ESPAMACS: propiedad, modo de acceso, planificación y desarrollo, financiación, objetivos, aspectos éticos, requisitos para participar, selección de pacientes, dispositivos incluidos, diseño, variables registradas, sistema de extracción de datos para su análisis estadístico y posterior elaboración de estudios científicos y control de calidad.

The increase in aridity and torrential events in semiarid areas predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is expected to significantly affect their hydrological response and thus their associated nonpoint source pollution and erosive dynamics. This study quantifies rainfall-runoff patterns in a 6.1-ha olive orchard microcatchment in Southern Spain, representative of a marginal farm, to determine the impact of extreme events under different theoretical climate change scenarios. To this end, the physically based distributed hydrological model WiMMed (Watershed Integrated Management in Mediterranean Environments) was implemented, calibrated, and validated with experimental data throughout the study period (2005–2012). The root mean square error values for hourly runoff and flows derived from calibration and validation were approximately 1 and 0.3 mm s−1, respectively. An increase in mean temperatures of between 1.6°C and 3.9°C, a decrease in rainfall of between 13.7% and 26.6%, and larger torrential events were simulated in this study following possible climate change scenarios. The results revealed the nonlinear and complex interactions of the different processes conditioning the water balance due to opposite tendencies of rainfall decrease and the increase in temperature and rainfall intensity. The most significant change was found in the scenario that simulated an increase in the torrential character of the events. A mean runoff coefficient of over 0.6 was obtained in the catchment, which should be considered in future aspects of water management.

Seven different flavonoids from the aerial parts of Thymus webbianus were isolated. They were identified by UV spectra, TLC and HPLC-DAD as luteolin, api­genin, eryodictiol, naringenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside. Other phenolics characterized by HPLC-DAD analysis were: protocatechuic, chlorogenic, syringic, p-coumaric and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids.

Sierra Nevada Mountains are the highest continental altitude in Spain. Located in the South, facing the Mediterranean Sea in a distance of less than 40 km, the high level of solar energy income throughout the year, together with the extremely variable character of climate in such latitudes, make it necessary to use energy balance approaches to characterize the snow cover evolution. Wind and relative humidity become decisive factors in the evolution of the snow cover due to the high evaporation rates that can arise under favourable meteorological conditions. This work presents the enhanced capability of the combination of Landsat TM data with the simulation of an energy balance model to produce sequences of hourly high resolution maps of snow cover and depth distribution under variable meteorological conditions such as those found in Mediterranean mountainous watersheds. Despite the good agreement found between observed and predicted snow pixels, different examples of disagreement arose in the boundaries, most of them related to the temperature and wind speed spatial pattern simulation together with the discrimination between rain and snowfall occurrence.

Dams are common structures in order to guarantee water supply and control flash floods in Mediterranean mountainous watersheds. Even though they are known to modify in space and time the natural regimen of natural flows, little has been said about local effects on the ecosystem along the river banks upstream the dam. In 2002, Rules dam (southern Spain) started to function. This work presents the effects of the dam filling on the water balance in flood plains. The influence of the enhanced soil moisture in the surroundings of the free surface of the reservoir on the vegetation cover status was analyzed and related to meteorological agents and topographic features, before and after the construction of the dam. Meteorological, topographic, soil and land use data were analyzed in the contributing area of the dam, together with Landsat TM images during the period 1984-2010 to derive NDVI values. Results showed higher NDVI values (close to 20-30%) once the dam was filled and NDVI values in very dry years similar to the ones obtained in medium-wet years prior to the construction. Besides, NDVI values after the filling of the dam proved to be highly related to meteorological variables. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out in order to identify individual and combined interactions of meteorological and dam-derived effects. 85% of the total variance can be explained with the combination of three Principal Components (PC) in which the first one includes the combination of NDVI, meteorological (rainfall) and hydrological variables (interception, infiltration, evapotranspiration from the soil), whilst the second and third PC mainly include topographic features. These results quantify the dam influence along the river banks and the superficial recharge effects in dry years.