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1. The Large Area Detector for the eXTP mission

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Feroci, Marco, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Antonelli, Matias, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Barbera, Marco, Bastia, Paolo, Bayer, Joerg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bonfitto, Federica, Bonvicini, Valter, Bozzo, Enrico, Baudin, David, Bouyjou, Florent, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Candia, Roberto, Cao, Jiewei, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Coimbra, Artur, Colucci, Angelo, Cong, Xiaoqing, Cirrincione, Daniela, De Angelis, Nicolas, De Rosa, Alessandra, Della Casa, Giovanni, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cicca, Gaspare, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Dohnal, Roman, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Peng, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Gao, Na, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Guedel, Manuel, Guzman Cabrera, Alejandro, Han, Dong, He, Huilin, Hedderman, Paul, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Hynek, Richard, Reynaard Kole, Merlin, Karas, Vladimir, Komarek, Martin, Labanti, Claudio, La Marra, Daniel, Lesci, Giuseppe, Li, Gang, Li, Loghui, Li, Tiangtong, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, Hongwei, Liu, Rui, Liu, Yichen, Liu, Xiaojing, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Loehring, Jens, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lu, Fang-Jun, Luo, Tao, Malcovati, Piero, Marinucci, Andrea, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Michalska, Malgorzata, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Novák, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Orleanski, Piotr, Ottensamer, Roland, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Pliego, Samuel, Putz, Andreas, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Samusenko, Alina, Santangelo, Andrea, Schanne, Stephane, Serafinelli, Roberto, Skup, Konrad, Sveda, Libor, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Chris, Todaro, Michela, Torok, Gabriel, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Varisco, Salvatore, Villa, Francesco, Virgilli, Enrico, Xiang, Hongwen, Xiong, Hao, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Winter, Berend, Wu, Zhenyu, Wu, Xin, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Yonghe, Zhang, Wenda, Zhao, Qiao, Zhu, Cheng, Zhu, Xiaofei, and Zorzi, Nicola

Published
2024
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2. The Wide Field Monitor (WFM) of the China-Europe eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry) mission

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Hernanz, Margarita, Feroci, Marco, Evangelista, Yuri, Meuris, Aline, Schanne, Stéphane, Zampa, Gianluigi, Tenzer, Chris, Bayer, Jörg, Nowosielski, Witold, Michalska, Malgorzata, Kalemci, Emrah, Sungur, Müberra, Brandt, Søren, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Alvarez Franco, Daniel, Carmona, Alex, Gálvez, José-Luis, Patruno, Alessandro, In' t Zand, Jean, Zwart, Frans, Santangelo, Andrea, Bozzo, Enrico, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Lu, Fangjun, Xu, Yupeng, Campana, Riccardo, Del Monte, Ettore, Ceraudo, Francesco, Nuti, Alessio, Della Casa, Giovanni, Argan, Andrea, Minervini, Gabriele, Antonelli, Matias, Bonvicini, Valter, Boezio, Mirko, Cirrincione, Daniela, Munini, Riccardo, Rachevski, Alexandre, Vacchi, Andrea, Zampa, Nicola, Rashevskaya, Irina, Ficorella, Francesco, Picciotto, Antonino, Zorzi, Nicola, Baudin, David, Bouyjou, Florent, Gevin, Olivier, Limousin, Olivier, Hedderman, Paul, Pliego, Samuel, Xiong, Hao, de la Rie, Rob, Laubert, Phillip, Aitink-Kroes, Gabby, Kuiper, Lucien, Orleanski, Piotr, Skup, Konrad, Tcherniak, Denis, Turhan, Onur, Bozkurt, Ayhan, and Onat, Ahmet

Published
2024
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3. The large area detector onboard the eXTP mission

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Feroci, Marco, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Antonelli, Matias, Argan, Andrea, Babinec, Viktor, Barbera, Marco, Bayer, Joerg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Bi, Xingzi, Boezio, Mirko, Bonvicini, Walter, Borghi, Giacomo, Bozzo, Enrico, Baudin, David, Bouyjou, Florent, Brienza, Daniele, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Cao, Jiewei, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Chen, Wen, Cirrincione, Daniela, De Angelis, Nicolas, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Dilillo, Giuseppe, Dohnal, Roman, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Fiandrini, Emanuele, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gao, Na, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Guedel, Manuel, Han, Xingbo, He, Huilin, Hedderman, Paul, den Herder, Jan-Willem, Hynek, Richard, Hong, Bin, Jin, Ge, Kole, Merlin, Karas, Vladimir, Komarek, Martin, Labanti, Claudio, Li, Loghui, Li, Tianming, Liang, Hong, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, Rui, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lohering, Jens, Lombardi, Giovanni, Lu, Fang-Jun, Luo, Tao, Malcovati, Piero, Mao, Hanqi, Marinucci, Andrea, Mele, Filippo, Mendes, Vasco, Merkl, Martin, Meuris, Aline, Michalska, Malgorzata, Morbidini, Alfredo, Morgante, Gianluca, Muleri, Fabio, Munini, Riccardo, Mussolin, Lorenzo, Negri, Barbara, Novák, Petr, Nowosielski, Witold, Nuti, Alessio, Orleanski, Piotr, Ottensamer, Roland, Pacciani, Luigi, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Perinati, Emanuele, Piazzolla, Raffaele, Picciotto, Antonino, Pliego, Samuel, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaia, Irina, Santangelo, Andrea, Schanne, Stéphane, Serafinelli, Roberto, Skup, Konrad, Sveda, Libor, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Chris, Todaro, Michela, Torok, Gabriel, Trois, Alessio, Vacchi, Andrea, Virgilli, Enrico, Xiong, Hao, Wang, Jian, Wang, Xianqi, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Ganluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuang-Nan, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhang, Zhen, Zhou, Yupeng, and Zorzi, Nicola

Published
2022
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4. Iodized oil pleural effusion in a patient previously treated with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

Negrini, Simone, Zoppoli, Gabriele, Andorno, Enzo, Picciotto, Antonino, and Indiveri, Francesco

Subjects
Pleural effusions -- Diagnosis, Pleural effusions -- Development and progression, Pleural effusions -- Case studies, Hepatoma -- Care and treatment, Hepatoma -- Complications and side effects, Hepatoma -- Case studies, Therapeutic embolization -- Complications and side effects, Therapeutic embolization -- Case studies, Health
Published
2010

5. The enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP

Author

Zhang, ShuangNan, Santangelo, Andrea, Feroci, Marco, Xu, YuPeng, Lu, FangJun, Chen, Yong, Feng, Hua, Zhang, Shu, Brandt, Søren, Hernanz, Margarita, Baldini, Luca, Bozzo, Enrico, Campana, Riccardo, Rosa, Alessandra, Dong, YongWei, Evangelista, Yuri, Karas, Vladimir, Meidinger, Norbert, Meuris, Aline, Nandra, Kirpal, Pan, Teng, Pareschi, Giovanni, Orleanski, Piotr, Huang, QiuShi, Schanne, Stephane, Sironi, Giorgia, Spiga, Daniele, Svoboda, Jiri, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Tenzer, Christoph, Vacchi, Andrea, Zane, Silvia, Walton, Dave, Wang, ZhanShan, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, in’ t Zand, Jean, Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Barbera, Marco, Basso, Stefano, Bayer, Jörg, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghi, Giacomo, Cao, XueLei, Cadoux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, TianXiang, Chen, YuPeng, Chevenez, Jerome, Civitani, Marta, Cui, Wei, Cui, WeiWei, Dauser, Thomas, Monte, Ettore, Cosimo, Sergio, Diebold, Sebastian, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovciak, Michal, Du, YuanYuan, Ducci, Lorenzo, Fan, QingMei, Favre, Yannick, Fuschino, Fabio, Gálvez, José, Gao, Min, Ge, MingYu, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Gu, QuanYing, Gu, YuDong, Han, DaWei, Hong, Bin, Hu, Wei, Ji, Long, Jia, ShuMei, Jiang, WeiChun, Kennedy, Thomas, Kreykenbohm, Ingo, Kuvvetli, Irfan, Labanti, Claudio, Latronico, Luca, Li, Gang, Li, MaoShun, Li, Xian, Li, Wei, Li, ZhengWei, Limousin, Olivier, Liu, HongWei, Liu, XiaoJing, Lu, Bo, Luo, Tao, Macera, Daniele, Malcovati, Piero, Martindale, Adrian, Michalska, Malgorzata, Meng, Bin, Minuti, Massimo, Morbidini, Alfredo, Muleri, Fabio, Paltani, Stephane, Perinati, Emanuele, Picciotto, Antonino, Piemonte, Claudio, Qu, JinLu, Rachevski, Alexandre, Rashevskaya, Irina, Rodriguez, Jerome, Schanz, Thomas, Shen, ZhengXiang, Sheng, LiZhi, Song, JiangBo, Song, LiMing, Sgro, Carmelo, Sun, Liang, Tan, Ying, Uttley, Phil, Wang, Bo, Wang, DianLong, Wang, GuoFeng, Wang, Juan, Wang, LangPing, Wang, YuSa, Watts, Anna, Wen, XiangYang, Wilms, Jörn, Xiong, ShaoLin, Yang, JiaWei, Yang, Sheng, Yang, YanJi, Yu, Nian, Zhang, WenDa, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zdziarski, Andrzej, Zhang, AiMei, Zhang, ChengMo, Zhang, Fan, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Tong, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, XiaoLi, Zhang, ZiLiang, Zhao, BaoSheng, Zheng, ShiJie, Zhou, YuPeng, Zorzi, Nicola, and Zwart, J.

Abstract

In this paper we present the enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission—eXTP. eXTP is a space science mission designed to study fundamental physics under extreme conditions of density, gravity and magnetism. The mission aims at determining the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density, measuring effects of QED, and understanding the dynamics of matter in strong-field gravity. In addition to investigating fundamental physics, eXTP will be a very powerful observatory for astrophysics that will provide observations of unprecedented quality on a variety of galactic and extragalactic objects. In particular, its wide field monitoring capabilities will be highly instrumental to detect the electro-magnetic counterparts of gravitational wave sources. The paper provides a detailed description of: (1) the technological and technical aspects, and the expected performance of the instruments of the scientific payload; (2) the elements and functions of the mission, from the spacecraft to the ground segment.

Published
2019
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6. Pretreatment prediction of response to ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis: development and validation of the UDCA Response Score

Author

Carbone, Marco, Nardi, Alessandra, Flack, Steve, Carpino, Guido, Varvaropoulou, Nikoletta, Gavrila, Caius, Spicer, Ann, Badrock, Jonathan, Bernuzzi, Francesca, Cardinale, Vincenzo, Ainsworth, Holly F, Heneghan, Michael A, Thorburn, Douglas, Bathgate, Andrew, Jones, Rebecca, Neuberger, James M, Battezzati, Pier Maria, Zuin, Massimo, Taylor-Robinson, Simon, Donato, Maria F, Kirby, John, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Floreani, Annarosa, Sampaziotis, Fotios, Muratori, Luigi, Alvaro, Domenico, Marzioni, Marco, Miele, Luca, Marra, Fabio, Giannini, Edoardo, Gaudio, Eugenio, Ronca, Vincenzo, Bonato, Giulia, Cristoferi, Laura, Malinverno, Federica, Gerussi, Alessio, Stocken, Deborah D, Cordell, Heather J, Hirschfield, Gideon M, Alexander, Graeme J, Sandford, Richard N, Jones, David E, Invernizzi, Pietro, Mells, George F, Thomas, Caradog, Rahman, Meshbah, Yapp, Tom, Lye Ch'ng, Chin, Harrison, Melanie, Sturgess, Richard, Galaska, Roman, Healey, Chris, Whiteman, Jessica, Czaijkowski, Marek, Gray, Catherine, Gunasekera, Anton, Gyawli, Pranab, Premchand, Purushothaman, Mann, Steven, Elliott, Keith, Kapur, Kapil, Watson, Alan, Foster, Graham, Trembling, Paul, Subhani, Javaid, Harvey, Rory, McCorry, Roger, Adgey, Carolyn, Hobson, Lucie, Mulvaney-Jones, Caroline, Evans, Richard, Mathialahan, Thiriloganathan, Ramanaden, David, Gasem, Jaber, Van Duyvenvoorde, Greta, Shorrock, Christopher, Seward, Katie, Southern, Paul, Tibble, Jeremy, Penn, Ruth, Gorard, David, Maiden, Jane, Damant, Rose, Palegwala, Altaf, Jones, Susan, Alexander, Graeme, Mells, George, Sandford, Richard, Whiteman, Jessica, Dolwani, Sunil, Prince, Martin, Silvestre, Valeria, Foxton, Matthew, Dungca, Eleanor, Mitchison, Harriet, Wheatley, Natalie, Gooding, Ian, Doyle, Helen, Karmo, Mazn, Kent, Melanie, Saksena, Sushma, Braim, Delyth, Patel, Minesh, Lord, Susan, Ede, Roland, Paton, Alison, Austin, Andrew, Lancaster, Nicola, Sayer, Joanna, Gibbins, Andrew, Hogben, Karen, Hovell, Chris, Fisher, Neil, Carter, Martyn, Koss, Konrad, Musselwhite, Janine, Muscariu, Florin, Piotreowicz, Andrzej, McKay, Alexandra, Grimley, Charles, Neal, David, Ting Tan, Lai, Lim, Guan, Brighton, Jacqueline, Foale, Carole, Ala, Aftab, Saeed, Athar, Flahive, Kerry, Wood, Gordon, Townshend, Paula, Ford, Chris, Brown, Jonathan, Kordula, Jean, Bowles, Jane, Wilkinson, Mark, Palmer, Caroline, Ramage, John, Gordon, Harriet, Featherstone, James, Ridpath, Jo, Ngatchu, Theodore, Levi, Sass, Shaukat, Syed, Sadeghian, Joy, Shidrawi, Ray, Williams, Bronwen, Abouda, George, Jones, Sarah, Duggan, Claire, Hynes, Abigail, Narain, Mark, Rees, Ian, Salam, Imroz, Crossey, Mary, Taylor-Robinson, Simon, Brown, Ashley, MacNicol, Carolyn, Williams, Simon, Wilhelmsen, Elva, Banim, Paul, Raymode, Parizade, Chilton, Andrew, Das, Debasish, Lee, Hye-Jeong, Curtis, Howard, Heneghan, Michael, Gess, Markus, Durant, Emma, Drake, IM, Bishop, Rebecca, Davies, Mervyn, Jones, Rebecca, Aldersley, Mark, Ncube, Noma, McNair, Alistair, Srirajaskanthan, Raj, Sen, Sambit, Casey, Rebecca, Bird, George, Mendall, Mike, Cowley, Caroline, Barnardo, Adrian, Kitchen, Paul, Yoong, Kevin, Amore, Kelly, Sirdefield, Dawn, Orpe, Jacky, Mathew, Ray, MacFaul, George, Wrigth, Aruna, Shah, Amir, Evans, Chris, Keggans, Janie, Bird, Bridget, Baxter, Gwen, Saha, Subrata, Pollock, Katharine, Hughes, Maggie, Bramley, Peter, Grieve, Emma, Young, Karin, Fraser, Andrew, Mukhopadhya, Ashis, Ocker, Kate, Mills, Peter, Hines, Francis, Shallcross, Chris, Wilkins, Joy, Grellier, Leonie, Campbell, Stewart, Martin, Kirsty, Bathgate, Andrew, Innes, Caron, Shepherd, Alan, Rushbrook, Simon, Valliani, Talal, Przemioslo, Robert, Fairlamb, Helen, Macdonald, Chris, Eastick, Anne, Metcalf, Jane, Tanqueray, Elizabeth, Shmueli, Udi, Holbrook, Becky, Davis, Andrew, Browning, Julie, Naqvi, Asifabbas, Walker, Kirsten, Lee, Tom, Verheyden, Juliette, Slininger, Susan, Ryder, Stephen D, Chapman, Roger, Collier, Jane, O'Donnell, Denise, Stafford, Lizzie, Williamson, Kate, Kent, Linda, Klass, Howard, Ninkovic, Mary, March, Linda, Cramp, Matthew, Simpson, Diane, Dickson, Christine, Sharer, Nicholas, Hayes, Maria, Goggin, Patrick, Quinne, Mary, Pearson, Sallyanne, Hoeroldt, Barbara, Jones, Linda, Wright, Alice, Booth, Jonathan, Loftus, Alison, Lipscomb, George, Dewhurst, Hannah, Gunter, Emma, Williams, Earl, Fouracres, Anna, Farrington, Liz, Graves, Lyn, Hussaini, Hyder, Stableforth, Bill, Marriott, Suzie, Ayres, Reuben, Leoni, Marina, Burroughs, Andrew, Marshall, Eileen, Thorburn, Douglas, Tyrer, David, Martin, Kate, Lombard, Martin, Patanwala, Imran, Dali-Kemmery, Lola, Lambourne, Victoria, Maltby, Julia, Vyas, Samir, Colley, Julie, Shinder, Bal, Singhal, Saket, Jones, Jayne, Mills, Marisa, Gleeson, Dermot, Carnahan, Mandy, Butterworth, Jeff, Boulton, Kerenza, Taylor, Natalie, George, Keith, Harding, Tim, Tregonning, Julie, Douglass, Andrew, Brown, Carly, Clifford, Gayle, Panter, Simon, Gocher, Denise, Shearman, Jeremy, Bray, Gary, Hamilton, Maria, Butcher, Graham, Forton, Daniel, Mclindon, John, Curtis, Janette, Das, Debashis, Shewan, Tracey, Cowan, Matthew, Whatley, Gregory, Nasseri, Mariam, Grover, Bob, Sivaramakrishnan, Nurani, Ducker, Samantha, Houghton, Kathryn, Jones, David, Griffiths, Laura, Tripoli, Sherill, Pitcher, Maxton, Shpuza, Ervin, White, Nikki, Ghosh, Deb, Douds, Andrew, Green, Marie, Brookes, Matthew, Cumlat, Lourdes, Wong, Voi Shim, Warner, Karen, Netherton, Kimberley, Mandal, Adtya, Jain, Snjiv, Gupta, Hemant, Sanghi, Pradeep, Pereira, Steve, Neuberger, James, Gunson, Bridget, Hirschfield, Gideon, Lim, Reina Teegan, Gallagher, Susan, Clement, Darren, Brind, Alison, Watts, Gill, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Wright, Mark, Gitahi, Jane, Gordon, Fiona, Gocher, Denis, Unitt, Esther, Pateman, Hilary, Batham, Sally, Delahooke, Toby, Grant, Allister, Conder, Jill, Higham, Andrew, Cox, Mark, O'Donohoe, Lynn, Currie, Lynn, King, Alistair, Oblak, Metod, Collins, Carole, Whalley, Simon, Quinn, Marie, Baird, Yolanda, Amey, Isobel, Fraser, Jocelyn, Li, Andy, Cotterill, Donna, Bell, Andrew, Watson, Alan, Singhal, Amit, Gee, Ian, Greer, Sandra, Ang, Yeng, Ransford, Rupert, Allison, Joanna, Gotto, James, Dyer, Simon, Sweeting, Helen, Millson, Charles, Invernizzi, Pietro, Carbone, Marco, Cristoferi, Laura, Bonato, Giulia, Malinverno, Federica, Bernuzzi, Francesca, Alvaro, Domenico, Labbadia, Giancarlo, Bragazzi, Maria Consiglia, Andreone, Pietro, Muratori, Luigi, Azzaroli, Francesco, Floreani, Annarosa, Galli, Andrea, Tarocchi, Mirko, Giannini, Edoardo, Miele, Luca, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Grieco, Antonio, Marrone, Giuseppe, Donato, Maria Francesca, Valenti, Luca, Marra, Fabio, Marzioni, Marco, Maroni, Luca, Rigamonti, Cristina, Zuin, Massimo, Battezzati, Pier Maria, and Picciotto, Antonino

Abstract

Treatment guidelines recommend a stepwise approach to primary biliary cholangitis: all patients begin treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) monotherapy and those with an inadequate biochemical response after 12 months are subsequently considered for second-line therapies. However, as a result, patients at the highest risk can wait the longest for effective treatment. We determined whether UDCA response can be accurately predicted using pretreatment clinical parameters.

Published
2018
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7. The Large Area Detector onboard the eXTP mission

Author

den Herder, Jan-Willem A., Nikzad, Shouleh, Nakazawa, Kazuhiro, Feroci, Marco, Ahangarianabhari, Mahdi, Ambrosi, Giovanni, Ambrosino, Filippo, Argan, Andrea, Barbera, Marco, Bayer, Joerg, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Bertucci, Bruna, Bertuccio, Giuseppe, Borghi, Giacomo, Bozzo, Enrico, Cadeaux, Franck, Campana, Riccardo, Ceraudo, Francesco, Chen, Tianxiang, Cirrincione, Daniela, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Cosimo, Sergio, Diebold, Sebastian, Evangelista, Yuri, Fan, Qingmei, Favre, Yannick, Ficorella, Francesco, Fuschino, Fabio, Gevin, Olivier, Grassi, Marco, Hong, Bin, Mao, Hanqi, Karas, Vladimir, Kennedy, Tom, Labanti, Claudio, Limousin, Olivier, Lo Cicero, Ugo, Lu, Fangjun, Luo, Tao, Malcovati, Piero, Martindale, Adrian, Meuris, Aline, Michalska, Malgrozata, Morbidini, Alfredo, Muleri, Fabio, Orleański, Piotr, Paltani, Stephane, Pan, Teng, Perinati, Emanuele, Picciotto, Antonino, Pohl, Martin, Rashvskaia, Irina, Santangelo, Andrea, Schanne, Stéphane, Skup, Kornad, Svoboda, Jiri, Tenzer, Chris, Vacchi, Andrea, Walton, Dave, Winter, Berend, Wu, Xin, Xu, Yupeng, Zampa, Gianluigi, Zampa, Nicola, Zane, Silvia, Zdziarski, Andrzej, Zhang, Long, Zhang, Shu, Zhang, Shuangnan, Zhang, Wenda, Zhang, Xiaoli, Zhou, Yupeng, and Zorzi, Nicola

Published
2018
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8. Ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir, with or without dasabuvir, plus ribavirin for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 infection with cirrhosis (ABACUS): a prospective observational study

Author

Petta, Salvatore, Marzioni, Marco, Russo, Pierluigi, Aghemo, Alessio, Alberti, Alfredo, Ascione, Antonio, Antinori, Andrea, Bruno, Raffaele, Bruno, Savino, Chirianni, Antonio, Gaeta, Giovanni Battista, Giannini, Edoardo G, Merli, Manuela, Messina, Vincenzo, Montilla, Simona, Perno, Carlo Federico, Puoti, Massimo, Raimondo, Giovanni, Rendina, Maria, Silberstein, Francesca Ceccherini, Villa, Erica, Zignego, Anna Linda, Pani, Luca, Craxì, Antonio, Tabone, Marco, Andreoni, Massimo, Teti, Elisabetta, Angelico, Mario, Persico, Marcello, Masarone, Mario, Chiodera, Aledssandro, Solinas, Attilio, delle Monache, Marco, Cecere, Roberto, Maria Schimizzi, Anna, Piovesan, Sara, Campagnolo, Davide, Chiara Piras, Maria, Zolfino, Teresa, Paolo Russo, Francesca, Morelli, Olivia, Sangiovanni, Vincenzo, Onofrio, Mirella, Iodice, Valentina, Izzi, Antonio, Pirisi, Massimo, Danieli, Elena, Vinci, Maria, Rizzardini, Giuliano, Fagiuoli, Stefano, Pasulo, Luisa, D'Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Zuin, Massimo, Giorgini, Alessia, Simeone, Filomena, Piali, Guido, Lo Guercio, Carmela, Federico, Alessandro, Brancaccio, Giuseppina, Marrone, Aldo, Abbati, Giuseppe, Boarini, Chiara, Borghi, Vanni, Bernabucci, Veronica, Corti, Giampaolo, Monti, Monica, Rizzetto, Mario, Martini, Silvia, Andreone, Pietro, Gianstefani, Alice, Lenzi, Marco, Verucchi, Gabriella, Toniutto, Pierluigi, Borgia, Guglielmo, Caporaso, Nicola, Morisco, Filomena, Nardone, Gaetano, Angrisani, Debora, Giacometti, Andrea, Benedetti, Antonio, Tarantino, Giuseppe, Marsetti, Fabio, Tavio, Marcello, Novara, Sergio, Antonia Santantonio, Teresa, Serviddio, Gaetano, Brunetto, Maurizia, Coco, Barbara, Angarano, Gioacchino, Milella, Michele, Barone, Michele, Di Leo, Alfredo, Ettore Sansonno, Domenico, Cacciola, Irene, Boffa, Nicola, Saracco, Giorgio, Di Biagio, Antonio, Picciotto, Antonino, de Luca, Andrea, Calvaruso, Vincenza, Corradori, Silvia, Ferrari, Carlo, Orlandini, Alessandra, Maida, Ivana, Torti, Carlo, Chessa, Luchino, Felder, Martina, Vespasiani Gentilucci, Umberto, Angeli, Paolo, Romano, Antonietta, Ludovico Rapaccini, Gian, Miele, Luca, Cima, Serena, Luisa Russo, Maria, Cozzolongo, Raffaele, Onnelli, Giovanna, D'Offizi, Giampiero, Lionetti, Raffaella, Montalbano, Marzia, Guerra, Michele, Di Perri, Giovanni, Boglione, Lucio, Capra, Franco, Carolo, Giada, Ieluzzi, Donatella, Antonini, Cinzia, Termite, Antonio, Madonia, Salvatore, Tarquini, Pierluigi, Parruti, Giustino, Vecchiet, Giacomo, Falasca, Katia, Menzaghi, Barbara, Quirino, Tiziana, Dentone, Chiara, Maria Piscaglia, Anna, Rossi, Cristina, Giordani, Maria, Fontanella, Luca, Cassola, Giovanni, Russello, Maurizio, Cristaudo, Antonio, Giacomet, Vania, Colombo, Massimo, Donato, Francesca, Durante, Emanuele, Cosco, Lucio, Marignani, Massimo, Quartini, Mariano, Memoli, Massimo, Ganga, Roberto, Ponti, Laura, Soria, Alessandro, Grazia Rumi, Maria, Gulminetti, Roberto, Maserati, Renato, Mondelli, Mario, Lazzarin, Adriano, Rita Parisi, Maria, Canovari, Benedetta, Avancini, Ivo, Pravadelli, Cecilia, Blanc, Pier, Pasquazzi, Caterina, Maria Mastroianni, Claudio, Lichtner, Myriam, Distefano, Marco, Magnani, Silvia, Paganin, Simona, Erne, Elke, Gatti, Pietro, Tundi, Paolo, Calabrese, Paolo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Grieco, Antonio, Coppola, Nicola, Del Poggio, Paolo, Levrero, Massimo, Talliani, Gloria, Vullo, Vincenzo, Cauda, Roberto, La Monica, Silvia, Potenza, Domenico, Rizzo, Salvatore, Castelli, Francesco, Marie Pigozzi, Grazielle, Ciancio, Alessia, Romagnoli, Dante, Barchetti, Federica, Ivanovic, Jelena, Longo, Olimpia, Petraglia, Sandra, and Paola Trotta, Maria

Abstract

We ran a compassionate use nationwide programme (ABACUS) to provide access to ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir, with dasabuvir, plus ribavirin for hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection and ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir, plus ribavirin for HCV genotype 4 infection in patients with cirrhosis at high risk of decompensation while approval of these regimens was pending in Italy.

Published
2017
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9. Therapeutic Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in Clinical Practice

Author

Giannini, Edoardo G., Marenco, Simona, Boni, Silvia, Beltrame, Andrea, Nicolini, Laura A., Taramasso, Lucia, Feasi, Marcello, Grasso, Alessandro, De Leo, Pasqualina, Percario, Gianfranco, Bartolacci, Valentina, Artioli, Stefania, Viscoli, Claudio, Cassola, Giovanni, Testa, Roberto, Anselmo, Marco, Riccio, Giovanni, Savarino, Vincenzo, and Picciotto, Antonino

Abstract

To characterize the clinical and treatment pattern in a large population of hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients managed at tertiary referral centers in clinical practice.

Published
2015
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10. Epidemiological and Clinical Features of Hepatitis Delta in HBsAg-Positive Patients by HIV Status

Author

Nicolini, Laura A, Taramasso, Lucia, Schiavetti, Irene, Giannini, Edoardo G, Beltrame, Andrea, Feasi, Marcello, Cassola, Giovanni, Grasso, Alessandro, Bartolacci, Valentina, Sticchi, Laura, Picciotto, Antonino, and Viscoli, Claudio

Abstract

Background The epidemiology of HBV-associated hepatitis has changed in recent years, especially after the introduction of anti-HBV vaccination, with a consequent decrease in the incidence of HDV-associated hepatitis. However, HDV remains of concern in non-vaccinated people and in immigrants. The aim of this retrospective survey has been to assess prevalence and clinical characteristics of HDV infection in Liguria, a region in Northern Italy, in both HIV-positive and negative patients.Methods During the year 2010, 641 patients chronically infected with HBV entered an observational study of HBV infection conducted in eight tertiary care centres belonging to the ‘Ligurian HBV Study Group’.Results Of 641 patients, 454 (70.8%) were evaluated for HDV serology and 26 (5.7%) were found positive. Among them, 16 were also HIV-positive and 10 were not. Of the 428 HDV-negative patients, only 313 were tested for HIV and 33 (10.5%) were positive. At the time point of study entry there was no age difference between HIV-positive or negative patients, but HIV-positive patients were 10 years younger than HIV-negative (mean age 34.25 ±6.16 versus 41.50 ±8.89 years; P=0.021) at the time point of their first visit in each centre and they were also more frequently intravenous drug users (P=0.009). Despite a similar rate of cirrhosis in the two groups, no HIV-positive patient received an HDV-active therapy (that is, interferon), versus 4 of 10 HIV-negative patients (P=0.014).Conclusions HDV infection is still a problem in patients not covered by HBV vaccination. Both HDV and HIV testing were frequently overlooked in our setting.

Published
2015
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11. A Significant Proportion of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Who are Candidates for Antiviral Treatment are Untreated

Author

Giannini, Edoardo G., Torre, Francesco, Basso, Monica, Feasi, Marcello, Boni, Silvia, Grasso, Alessandro, De Leo, Pasqualina, Dodi, Ferdinando, Marazzi, Maria Grazia, Azzola, Emilio, Bartolacci, Valentina, Percario, Gianfranco, Beltrame, Andrea, Borro, Paolo, Savarino, Vincenzo, and Picciotto, Antonino

Abstract

Between 350 and 400 million people worldwide have chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and in Italy this figure is 1 to 2 in the general population. In clinical practice, however, it is not known how many patients chronically infected by HBV and eligible for antiviral therapy are not treated.

Published
2009
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13. Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Ligand (sTRAIL) Levels and Kinetics During Antiviral Treatment in Chronic Hepatitis C

Author

Pelli, Nicoletta, Torre, Francesco, Delfino, Andrea, Basso, Monica, and Picciotto, Antonino

Abstract

Antiviral treatment with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C improved the rates of viral clearance to 56%. An open issue is a better understanding of the factors responsible for the residual lack of response. Our aim was to investigate the effect of antiviral treatments on soluble tumor necrosis factor-related ligand (sTRAIL), which is capable of inducing apoptosis in virus-infected cells. We analyzed sTRAIL levels in 22 naive patients, randomly assigned to receive 6 months of treatment with IFN alone or in combination with amantadine or ribavirin, at baseline, at 6, 12, 24, 30, and 48 h, at days 3, 7, and 14, at 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment, and finally 6 months after the end of treatment. At baseline, the sTRAIL level was significantly higher in patients than in controls (p< 0.0001). The highest sTRAIL release was obtained within the first 12 h, followed by a second peak after the second dose of IFN. There was then a slow decline within the first month. Compared with baseline, high sTRAIL levels were present till day 7 in sustained responders (7 patients) and till the third month of treatment in relapsers or nonresponders (15 patients) (p< 0.02), with no differences related to the type of treatment. The IFN effect on sTRAIL is rapid and intense. The overexpression of TRAIL in viral hepatitis could be seen as a defense mechanism to eliminate infected cells and limit viral replication.

Published
2006
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14. Clearance kinetics of hepatitis C virus under different antiviral therapies

Author

Torre, Francesco, Giusto, Rosella, Grasso, Alessandro, Brizzolara, Renata, Campo, Nadia, Sinelli, Nicoletta, Balestra, Vincenzo, and Picciotto, Antonino

Abstract

Interferon alpha (IFN) has been the standard treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Using the kinetic curves of viral clearance, this study compared three treatment regimes based on IFN alone or in combination with Amantadine or Ribavirin to determine the mechanisms of action and the most suitable way to use these drugs. The early clearance kinetics of HCV were studied in 22 patients with chronic hepatitis C under different antiviral treatments: IFN 3 MU daily (7 pts); IFN 3 MU daily plus Amantadine 200 mg (7 pts); and IFN 3 MU daily plus Ribavirin 1–1.2 gr (8 pts), for 6 months. HCV‐RNA was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively on serial samples. The HCV‐RNA decay curves suggested a different behaviour of viral clearance induced by the three treatments. While no significant differences were present in the first 6 hours, between 6 to 12 hours Ribavirin induced a rapid decline in the viral load. Amantadine seemed to accelerate it in the third phase (12 to 30 hours) and to provoke a more pronounced viral decline when compared to IFN alone (P< 0.05) or to IFN plus Ribavirin (P< 0.025) (baseline to 30 hours). Thus, while IFN remains the principal antiviral drug, Amantadine upholds the viral decline. Ribavirin, although synergistic with IFN, does not seem to improve the IFN effect during the earliest phase of treatment but probably supports the effects of IFN later on. A new dynamic approach to HCV treatment can therefore be developed. J. Med. Virol. 64:455–459, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2001
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15. Evaluation of a new hepatitis C virus sequencing assay as a routine method for genotyping

Author

Ansaldi, Filippo, Torre, Francesco, Bruzzone, Bianca Marisa, Picciotto, Antonino, Crovari, Pietro, and Icardi, Giancarlo

Abstract

The determination of HCV genotypes, subtypes and isolates has been helpful in understanding the evolution and the epidemiology of the virus, and is an important factor in the pre‐treatment evaluation. A new simpler and automated sequencing based system has been developed recently, the Visible Genetics TruGene™ Hepatitis C Assay. The aim of the study was to compare this new genotyping assay with reverse hybridization based Innogenetics INNO‐LiPA HCV II assay that is used most commonly. Eighty‐eight HCV‐RNA positive patients were enrolled and divided in four groups: 26 hemodialysed patients, 30 untreated patients with chronic HCV hepatitis, 12 IFN non‐responder patients with chronic HCV hepatitis, 20 asymptomatic HCV positive subjects. The 5′‐UTR region was amplified by RT‐PCR and the nucleotide sequences determined by the TruGene™ assay. In parallel, the amplicons were also tested by INNO‐LiPA. Concordant results were obtained in 80 out of 88 cases (90.9%). The new assay allowed to genotype 2 samples not typed by LiPA as 1b and 2a/c. The new system also allowed the subtyping of 3 untypable samples, classified as genotype 1 by INNO‐LiPA, as genotype 1b (1 sample) and, as genotype 4 (2 samples). The difference between these genotype 4 isolates and the closest genotype 1 isolate was 6 nucleotides. One LiPA genotype 1a sample was typed as 1b and 2 genotype 1b samples were all typed as 1a by the sequence analysis. In conclusion, the new assay is a sensitive and rapid method that is suitable for accurate large‐scale genotyping. J. Med. Virol. 63:17–21, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2001
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16. Soluble β2-μ-Associated and β2-μ-Free HLA Class I Heavy Chain Serum Levels in Interferon-α Nonresponder Chronic Hepatitis C Patients. Markers of Immune Activation, and Response to Antiviral Retreatment

Author

Puppo, Francesco, Torre, Francesco, Contini, Paola, Ghio, Massimo, Brenci, Sabrina, Brizzolara, Renata, Sinelli, Nicoletta, Campo, Nadia, Indiveri, Francesco, and Picciotto, Antonino

Abstract

The serum levels of soluble β2-μ-associated and β2-μ-free HLA class I heavy chains were determined in 28 interferon-α nonresponder chronic hepatitis C patients retreated with interferon-α plus ribavirin and in 70 healthy subjects. The baseline levels of β2-μ-associated and β2-μ-free HLA class I heavy chains were significantly higher in patients than in healthy controls(P = 0.001).The levels of β2-μ-associated HLA class I heavy chains significantly increased in responder patients with respect to nonresponders at the third month of treatment(P = 0.03).At the sixth month of treatment and after 6 months of follow up the levels of β2-μ-associated HLA class I heavy chains decreased in responder patients and increased in nonresponders. The levels of β2-μ-free HLA class I heavy chains showed only minor changes during and after treatment. We suggest that the determination of hepatitis C virus RNA levels combined with soluble β2-μ-associated HLA class I heavy chains, as a marker of immune activation, could identify interferon-α non responder chronic hepatitis C patients most likely to respond to a retreatment with interferon-α plus ribavirin.

Published
2000
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17. Mutations of the HFEGene and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author

Racchi, Omar, Mangerini, Rosa, Rapezzi, Davide, Gaetani, Gian Franco, Nobile, Maria Teresa, Picciotto, Antonino, and Ferraris, Anna Maria

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The discovery of the C282Y and H63D point mutations in the hereditary hemochromatosis-associated HFEgene allows us to study the molecular basis of congenital and acquired iron overload disorders. In hereditary hemochromatosis an increased frequency of the C282Y and, to a lesser extent, of the H63D mutations has been established, but their role in other conditions associated with iron overload and their prevalence in the normal population are still under investigation. We sought to determine the presence of such mutations, and their possible involvement in the multi-step neoplastic transformation of the hepatocytes, in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, a frequent complication of iron-induced liver cirrhosis occurring in untreated hereditary hemochromatosis subjects. The frequency of the C282Y and H63D mutations was determined in DNA from 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and with no clinical signs of hereditary hemochromatosis. The frequency of the mutations was also determined in 130 normal subjects. A germline C282Y mutation was found in none of the hepatocellular carcinoma patients; the frequency of the H63D mutation was not increased, compared to the 130 controls. The allele frequencies of the C282Y and H63D mutations in the normal population were 0.042 and 0.185, respectively. In conclusion, we suggest that the hereditary hemochromatosis-related mutations of the HFEgene do not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Published
1999
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18. Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Haemodialysis and in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Author

Campo, Nadia, Sinelli, Nicoletta, Brizzolara, Renata, Torre, Francesco, Gurreri, Giovanna, Russo, Rodolfo, Saffioti, Stefano, Celle, Guido, and Picciotto, Antonino

Abstract

The aim of this study was to detect hepatitis G virus RNA (HGV RNA) and antibodies against the virus envelope protein E2 (anti-E2) in 107 patients either on maintenance haemodialysis (n = 78) or peritoneal dialysis (n = 29) to evaluate the prevalence of HGV infection and to establish its role in liver disease. The total prevalence of HGV infection was of 15.4% among haemodialysis patients, whereas it was 10.3% among peritoneal dialysis patients. HGV RNA was detected in 2 haemodialysis patients (2.6%) and in 3 peritoneal dialysis patients (10.3%). Anti-E2 was found in 10 haemodialysis patients (7.8%), whilst all peritoneal dialysis patients resulted negative. In only 1 patient the alanine aminotransferase level was elevated. This patient underwent liver biopsy that did not reveal evidence of chronic hepatitis. The lower HGV prevalence in haemodialysis patients, when compared with data reported by other European authors, should be related to the lower rate of polytransfused patients in our series (29.5%). Multiple blood transfusions should be considered as the main factor to explain the different prevalence of HGV infection among various European dialysis centres. Detection of both antibody and viraemia is important to establish the real rate of the infection.

Published
1999
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19. Is hepatic ultrasonography a valid alternative tool to liver biopsy? report on 507 cases studied with both techniques

Author

Celle, Guido, Savarino, Vincenzo, Picciotto, Antonino, Magnolia, Maria Rita, Scalabrini, Patrizia, and Dodero, Mario

Abstract

In order to evaluate the diagnostic potential of liver ultrasonography (US), the charts of 23 cases with normal liver, 424 patients with chronic widespread, and 60 patients with focal hepatic diseases, who had undergone both US and liver biopsy, were reviewed. The positive predictive value of US was good in all hepatic disorders (range 86.9–96.5%), while its negative predictive value was very low (range 14.1–42.5%) in the various forms of widespread liver disease and suitable for screening purposes (74%) in focal lesions. Of the 507 cases, 39 with an ultrasonically suspected liver mass also underwent an echo-guided fine-needle aspiration, which showed a high sensitivity (85%) in the 27 biopsy-proved malignant lesions and excluded tumor cells in the remaining 12 cirrhotic cases. As regards US tissue diagnosis, hepatic tumors, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis were detected in 88%, 60%, and 49% of cases, respectively. Fat and fibrous content on biopsy were similarly and significantly correlated with both echo pattern and sound attenuation. Overall results suggest that in the group of widespread hepatic disorders the usefulness of US is greatly reduced by the fact that the patient's actual condition is not likely to be negative if US examination is normal and by the impossibility of differentiating fat from fibrosis. In focal lesions, the diagnostic value of US appears high and the method may frequently provide conclusive proof of the tumor if a positive cytodiagnosis on echoguided aspirated material is done.

Published
1988
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20. Single Bedtime Dose of Famotidine: Assessment of Its Antisecretory Action by 24‐Hour Intragastric pH Monitoring

Author

Savarino, Vincenzo, Picciotto, Antonino, Magnolia, Maria Rita, Scalabrini, Patrizia, Mela, Giuseppe Sandro, and Celle, Guido

Abstract

The antisecretory efficacy of a single bedtime dose of famotidine, a new potent H2‐receptor antagonist, was evaluated by means of continuous 24‐hour intragastric pH monitoring. Of 20 patients with duodenal ulcers, ten randomly received famotidine 40 mg at 10 PM and ten were monitored without medication for control. Famotidine regimen led to a remarkable reduction of gastric acidity in patients who were treated for duodenal ulcer and the drug‐induced pH levels were significantly different (P< .0001) from those of untreated controls. The antisecretory action lasted for 12 hours, which comprised the nocturnal period, whereas no important difference was found between the two groups for the most part of the daytime. The drug was able to keep intragastric pH above 4 units during almost 50% of the whole 24‐hour period. These results confirm that famotidine is a powerful and long‐acting H2blocker that relieves gastric acidity during the night and morning hours when administered as a single bedtime dose of 40 mg.

Published
1987
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21. Behavior of soluble HLA class I antigens in patients with chronic hepatitis C during interferon therapy: An early predictor marker of response?

Author

Puppo, Francesco, Picciotto, Antonino, Brenci, Sabrina, Varagona, Giuseppe, Scudeletti, Marco, Ghio, Massimo, Balestra, Vincenzo, Celle, Guido, and Indiveri, Francesco

Abstract

Soluble HLA class I antigens (sHLA-I),ß2-microglobulin (ß2-µ.) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum levels have been evaluated in 16 patients affected by chronic hepatitis C treated for six months with recombinant interferon-a (rIFN-a, 3 MU three times a week). The predictor role of sHLA-I and ALT modifications with respect to the response to rIFN-a therapy was also evaluated. Six patients responded (group 1), five patients relapsed following an initial response (group 2), and five did not respond to rIFN-a treatment (group 3). The baseline serum levels of sHLA-I andß2-µ were significantly higher in all three groups of HCV-positive patients with respect to HCV-negative controls (P<0.05). A significant increase of sHLA-I serum level with respect to baseline value (P<0.001) was observed in group 1 patients after two weeks of rIFN-a treatment. sHLA-I serum level then decreased, although remaining steadily and significantly increased with respect to baseline (P values ranging from 0.05 to 0.01) in the following five months and then returned to baseline one month after the end of rIFN-a administration. No significant variations ofß2-µ serum levels were detected throughout the observation period. In group 1 patients ALT serum levels significantly decreased after two weeks of rIFN-a treatment (P<0.001) and then remained in the normal range throughout the observation period. In the other two groups of patients no relevant variations of sHLA-I andß2-µ serum levels were found during and after rIFN-a therapy. The modifications of sHLA-I serum levels discriminate, as a single marker, group 1 patients from group 2 and 3 patients after two weeks of rIFN-a treatment (P<0.003). The association of sHLA-I and ALT modifications improves the discriminant power and leads to a complete differentiation of the three groups of patients after four weeks of rIFN-a treatment (P<0.0001). If confirmed in a larger series of patients, these results will provide a useful marker to predict which patients affected by chronic hepatitis C will respond to treatment and will help to avoid their ineffective treatment with an expensive and potentially harmful drug.

Published
1995
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25. Microfabrication of Silicon Hydrogenated Thin Targets for Multi-MeV Laser-Driven Proton Acceleration

Author

Picciotto, Antonino, Margarone, Daniele, Crivellari, Michele, Bellutti, Pierluigi, Colpo, Sabrina, Torrisi, Lorenzo, Krasa, Josef, Velhyan, Andriy, and Ullschmied, Jiri

Abstract

An ad hocmicrofabrication technique was employed for the optimization of thin hydrogenated silicon membranes for the first experimental application in the field of laser-driven proton acceleration. The tetra methyl ammonium hydroxide wet etching and further microfabrication processes allowed the optimization of the target structure and geometry. Samples were doped in a H2environment during an annealing process at 420 °C in order to increase the hydrogen concentration in the silicon matrix. This solution enabled the production of high-current (about 100 mA at 1 m from the source) and multi-MeV proton beams.

Published
2011
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