Search

A systematic review assessing autologous versus alloplastic bone for secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate was published in 2011 and included only one randomized controlled trial comparing traditional iliac bone graft to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rh-BMP2). To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis on the use of secondary alveolar bone grafting (autologous bone and rh-BMP2 graft) in order to improve bone volume and height in patients with cleft lip and palate. An electronic search was conducted via PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CONTROL) via Cochrane Library, EMBASE via Ovid, and LILAC for studies published between January 2008 and September 2018. The systematic review registration number at PROSPERO was 42018085858. Only RCTs were included. Inclusion criteria were patients with the diagnosis of unilateral cleft lip and palate older than 5 years of age, radiographic evaluation (CT and/or CBCT) of the cleft area, and at least a 6-month follow-up. Bone formation and bone height by radiographic CT evaluation (preoperatively, after 6 months and after 1 year of follow-up) and length of hospital stay were assessed. Four studies met strict inclusion criteria. Autologous bone graft showed statistically significant higher bone formation after 6-month follow-up (MD − 14.410; 95% CI − 22.392 to − 6.428; p= 0.000). No statistically significant difference was noted after a 1-year follow-up (MD 6.227; 95% CI − 15.967 to 28.422; p= 0.582). No statistically significant difference in bone height was noted after 6-month (MD − 18.737; 95% CI − 43.560 to 6.087; p= 0.139) and 1-year follow-up (MD − 4.401; 95% CI − 30.636 to 21.834; p= 0.742). Patients who underwent rh-BMP2 graft had a statistically significant reduced hospital stay (MD − 1.146; 95% CI − 2.147 to − 0.145; p= 0.025). The main limitation is the high risk of bias among included studies. Autologous bone and rh-BMP2 graft showed a similar effectiveness in maxillary alveolar reconstruction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate assessing bone graft volume and height although rh-BMP2 graft showed a relative shorter length of hospital stay (high uncertainty level).

Lo scopo di questo studio è stato valutare le caratteristiche, le alterazioni morfostrutturali e le conseguenze disfunzionali dell’articolazione temporomandibolare (ATM) in pazienti affetti da artrite idiopatica giovanile (AIG).

Verificare i cambiamenti dento-scheletrici associati al trattamento con Twin Block (TB) in pazienti in crescita con malocclusione di Classe II da retrusione mandibolare comparati con pazienti in Classe II non trattati.

Nei soggetti in crescita con cross-bite monolaterale posteriore, di solito si verifica uno spostamento (shift) mandibolare funzionale che può provocare un’asimmetria condilare.

Some species of Candida are opportunistic pathogens that can cause disease in a host immunocompromised by underlying local or systemic pathological processes. C. albicansis the species most often associated with oral lesions, but other species of Candida, including C. glabrata, C. tropicalisand C. parapsilosis, have also been isolated in the saliva of subjects with and without candidiasis. In the present study we evaluated the host defence mechanisms induced by Candida albicansand other Candida species in monocytes and oral epithelial cells in order to establish the existence of a species-specific cellular response. Our results indicated that, during Candida species infection, the epithelial cells actively participate in the host defence by producing antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, in infections caused by Candida tropicalisand Candida glabrata, the host defence may be strengthened by the release of perforin and granzyme by polymorphonuclear leukocytes recruited at the site of infection.

Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation and bone loss. The balance between inflammatory mediators and their counter-regulatory molecules may be fundamental for determining the outcome of immune pathology of periodontal disease. Cytokines play crucial roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, a process which requires a delicate balance between anabolic and catabolic activities. In particular, two families of growth factors-such as transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are thought to play important roles in modulating the proliferation and/or migration of structural cells involved in inflammation and regulation of immune responses. The aim of this work was to analyze gingival samples and periodontal tissue specimens collected from thirty-eight patients with chronic periodontal disease and from forty healthy individuals, in order to detect the expression and distribution of TGF-ß1 and VEGF between the two groups. TGF-ß1 and VEGF expression levels were detected using immunohistochemical analysis and computer-assisted morphometric analysis. The findings presented here suggest that biomarker such as TGF-ß1 and VEGF have an important regulating role in the orchestration of the immune response, which in turn influence the outcome of disease establishment and evolution.

A novel explanation of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) pathogenesis suggests that serum autoantibodies may affect desmoglein 3 (Dsg3)-mediated adhesion by triggering depletion of Dsg3 from desmosomes. Furthermore, abrogation of Dsg3 from the cell seems to depend on anti-Dsg3 pemphigus IgG. In this study we sought to gain more insights into the role of PV IgG recognizing non-conformational epitopes of Dsg3 (anti-Dsg3-L IgG) by semi-quantitative living cell immunofluorescence (LCIF) microscopy, in-cell ELISA and morphometric analysis of acantholysis. Our data demonstrate that PV serum and PV IgG can induce acantholysis and reduce the total amount of Dsg3 in cultured keratinocytes, whereas anti-Dsg3-L IgG fail to do so when administered at concentrations comparable to those present in pathogenic PV sera. However, the Dsg3-depleting activity of such polyclonal anti-Dsg3 IgG was acquired when used at 1μg/ml. Interestingly, both PV sera and IgG, including anti-Dsg3-L IgG, caused early depletion of surface Dsg3 while slightly affecting the total cell content of Dsg3 until late acantholysis. This raises a possibility that depletion of Dsg3 from cell membrane and reduction of the total cellular levels of Dsg3 represent distinct phenomena in PV acantholysis. Taken together, our data demonstrate that anti-Dsg3 PV IgG against linear epitopes of Dsg3 can induce acantholytic changes of keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Specifically, both morphological and biochemical changes suggestive of acantholysis are seen only at high IgG concentrations. We conclude that anti-Dsg3L IgG play a minor role in experimental PV under physiologic conditions.

The anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies (anti-CCP) are produced locally in the inflamed synovium of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, suggesting that citrullinated proteins are located in the inflamed synovium. In scientific literature were find periodontal bacterial DNA in serum and synovial fluid of RA with PD patients. RA and adult periodontitis share common pathogenetic mechanisms and immunologic and pathological findings RA. One oral pathogen strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease (PD), Porphyromonas. gingivalis, possesses a unique microbial enzyme, peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), the human equivalent of which has been identified as a susceptibility factor for RA. Under this point of view, we speculate about the presence of anti-CCP antibodies in sera of PD with RA patients. We conducted this study to evaluate and compare the diagnostic and predictive utility of anti-CCP antibodies in patients with PD and patients with PD and RA. Anti-CCP antibody was not found in 21 sera (U/ml<10), included RA controls, while only 1 patient with chronic PD and probing depth of 7,1 mm was identified positive for anti-CCP (22.2 U/ml). Our data do not support a role for anti-CCP in diagnoses of periodontal disease.

The purpose of this study was to examine the skeletal changes produced by the Frankel function regulator (FR-2) appliance during the treatment of patients with mandibular retrusive Class II malocclusions and to characterize the permanence of these changes in the years after treatment (5 years, on average). Data from the pretreatment, posttreatment, and long-term serial cephalograms of 14 patients who received FR-2 treatment were compared with data obtained from untreated controls and from published standards. Relative to controls, FR-2 therapy produced a statistically significant decrease in the ANB angle and an increase in the rate of mandibular growth. At the same time, no maxillary effect was noted. During the post-FR-2 period, the rate of mandibular growth showed no compensatory decline or ''rebound.'' Instead, it was remarkably similar to that inferred from age-matched and sex-matched normative standards. The present study thus supports the conclusion that FR-2 therapy, in conjunction with a period of postfunctional fixed- or removable-appliance therapy designed to perfect the occlusion, can produce a statistically and perhaps clinically significant relative increase in mandibular length.

Fabrication of 1.55 μm InGaAsP buried-crescent (BC) injection lasers with a p-n-p-n blocking structure is described. The BC lasers exhibit a threshold current as low as 14 mA at 25°C, very high yield, output power more than 10 mW and high-temperature operation up to 80°C. These BC lasers have continued to operate in stable CW mode at 50°C for more than 1000 h. The lifetime of the 1.55 μm InGaAsP lasers at 50°C is estimated to exceed about 2.5 × 104 h.