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1. Biallelic CRELD1variants cause a multisystem syndrome, including neurodevelopmental phenotypes, cardiac dysrhythmias, and frequent infections

Author

Jeffries, Lauren, Mis, Emily K., McWalter, Kirsty, Donkervoort, Sandra, Brodsky, Nina N., Carpier, Jean-Marie, Ji, Weizhen, Ionita, Cristian, Roy, Bhaskar, Morrow, Jon S., Darbinyan, Armine, Iyer, Krishna, Aul, Ritu B., Banka, Siddharth, Chao, Katherine R., Cobbold, Laura, Cohen, Stacey, Custodio, Helena M., Drummond-Borg, Margaret, Elmslie, Frances, Finanger, Erika, Hainline, Bryan E., Helbig, Ingo, Hewson, Stacy, Hu, Ying, Jackson, Adam, Josifova, Dragana, Konstantino, Monica, Leach, Meganne E., Mak, Bryan, McCormick, David, McGee, Elisabeth, Nelson, Stanley, Nguyen, Joanne, Nugent, Kimberly, Ortega, Lucy, Goodkin, Howard P., Roeder, Elizabeth, Roy, Sani, Sapp, Katie, Saade, Dimah, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Stals, Karen, Towner, Shelley, Wilson, William, Borras, Silvia, Clark, Caroline, Dean, John, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Ross, Alison, Tennant, Stephen, Dabir, Tabib, Donnelly, Deirdre, Humphreys, Mervyn, Magee, Alex, McConnell, Vivienne, McKee, Shane, McNerlan, Susan, Morrison, Patrick J., Rea, Gillian, Stewart, Fiona, Cole, Trevor, Cooper, Nicola, Cooper-Charles, Lisa, Cox, Helen, Islam, Lily, Jarvis, Joanna, Keelagher, Rebecca, Lim, Derek, McMullan, Dominic, Morton, Jenny, Naik, Swati, O’Driscoll, Mary, Ong, Kai-Ren, Osio, Deborah, Ragge, Nicola, Turton, Sarah, Vogt, Julie, Williams, Denise, Bodek, Simon, Donaldson, Alan, Hills, Alison, Low, Karen, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Norman, Andrew M., Roberts, Eileen, Scurr, Ingrid, Smithson, Sarah, Tooley, Madeleine, Abbs, Steve, Armstrong, Ruth, Dunn, Carolyn, Holden, Simon, Park, Soo-Mi, Paterson, Joan, Raymond, Lucy, Reid, Evan, Sandford, Richard, Simonic, Ingrid, Tischkowitz, Marc, Woods, Geoff, Bradley, Lisa, Comerford, Joanne, Green, Andrew, Lynch, Sally, McQuaid, Shirley, Mullaney, Brendan, Berg, Jonathan, Goudie, David, Mavrak, Eleni, McLean, Joanne, McWilliam, Catherine, Reavey, Eleanor, Azam, Tara, Cleary, Elaine, Jackson, Andrew, Lam, Wayne, Lampe, Anne, Moore, David, Porteous, Mary, Baple, Emma, Baptista, Júlia, Brewer, Carole, Castle, Bruce, Kivuva, Emma, Owens, Martina, Rankin, Julia, Shaw-Smith, Charles, Turner, Claire, Turnpenny, Peter, Tysoe, Carolyn, Bradley, Therese, Davidson, Rosemarie, Gardiner, Carol, Joss, Shelagh, Kinning, Esther, Longman, Cheryl, McGowan, Ruth, Murday, Victoria, Pilz, Daniela, Tobias, Edward, Whiteford, Margo, Williams, Nicola, Barnicoat, Angela, Clement, Emma, Faravelli, Francesca, Hurst, Jane, Jenkins, Lucy, Jones, Wendy, Ajith Kumar, V.K., Lees, Melissa, Loughlin, Sam, Male, Alison, Morrogh, Deborah, Rosser, Elisabeth, Scott, Richard, Wilson, Louise, Beleza, Ana, Deshpande, Charu, Flinter, Frances, Holder, Muriel, Irving, Melita, Izatt, Louise, Josifova, Dragana, Mohammed, Shehla, Molenda, Aneta, Robert, Leema, Roworth, Wendy, Ruddy, Deborah, Ryten, Mina, Yau, Shu, Bennett, Christopher, Blyth, Moira, Campbell, Jennifer, Coates, Andrea, Dobbie, Angus, Hewitt, Sarah, Hobson, Emma, Jackson, Eilidh, Jewell, Rosalyn, Kraus, Alison, Prescott, Katrina, Sheridan, Eamonn, Thomson, Jenny, Bradshaw, Kirsty, Dixit, Abhijit, Eason, Jacqueline, Haines, Rebecca, Harrison, Rachel, Mutch, Stacey, Sarkar, Ajoy, Searle, Claire, Shannon, Nora, Sharif, Abid, Suri, Mohnish, Vasudevan, Pradeep, Canham, Natalie, Ellis, Ian, Greenhalgh, Lynn, Howard, Emma, Stinton, Victoria, Swale, Andrew, Weber, Astrid, Banka, Siddharth, Breen, Catherine, Briggs, Tracy, Burkitt-Wright, Emma, Chandler, Kate, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Donnai, Dian, Douzgou, Sofia, Gaunt, Lorraine, Jones, Elizabeth, Kerr, Bronwyn, Langley, Claire, Metcalfe, Kay, Smith, Audrey, Wright, Ronnie, Bourn, David, Burn, John, Fisher, Richard, Hellens, Steve, Henderson, Alex, Montgomery, Tara, Splitt, Miranda, Straub, Volker, Wright, Michael, Zwolinski, Simon, Allen, Zoe, Bernhard, Birgitta, Brady, Angela, Brooks, Claire, Busby, Louise, Clowes, Virginia, Ghali, Neeti, Holder, Susan, Ibitoye, Rita, Wakeling, Emma, Blair, Edward, Carmichael, Jenny, Cilliers, Deirdre, Clasper, Susan, Gibbons, Richard, Kini, Usha, Lester, Tracy, Nemeth, Andrea, Poulton, Joanna, Price, Sue, Shears, Debbie, Stewart, Helen, Wilkie, Andrew, Albaba, Shadi, Baker, Duncan, Balasubramanian, Meena, Johnson, Diana, Parker, Michael, Quarrell, Oliver, Stewart, Alison, Willoughby, Josh, Crosby, Charlene, Elmslie, Frances, Homfray, Tessa, Jin, Huilin, Lahiri, Nayana, Mansour, Sahar, Marks, Karen, McEntagart, Meriel, Saggar, Anand, Tatton-Brown, Kate, Butler, Rachel, Clarke, Angus, Corrin, Sian, Fry, Andrew, Kamath, Arveen, McCann, Emma, Mugalaasi, Hood, Pottinger, Caroline, Procter, Annie, Sampson, Julian, Sansbury, Francis, Varghese, Vinod, Baralle, Diana, Callaway, Alison, Cassidy, Emma J., Daniels, Stacey, Douglas, Andrew, Foulds, Nicola, Hunt, David, Kharbanda, Mira, Lachlan, Katherine, Mercer, Catherine, Side, Lucy, Temple, I. Karen, Wellesley, Diana, Ambrose, J.C., Arumugam, P., Baple, E.L., Bleda, M., Boardman-Pretty, F., Boissiere, J.M., Boustred, C.R., Caulfield, M.J., Chan, G.C., Craig, C.E.H., Daugherty, L.C., de Burca, A., Devereau, A., Elgar, G., Foulger, R.E., Fowler, T., FurióTarí, P., Hackett, J.M., Halai, D., Hamblin, A., Henderson, S., Holman, J.E., Hubbard, T.J.P., Ibáñez, K., Jackson, R., Jones, L.J., Kasperaviciute, D., Kayikci, M., Lahnstein, L., Lawson, K., Leigh, S.E.A., Leong, I.U.S., Lopez, F.J., MaleadyCrowe, F., Mason, J., McDonagh, E.M., Moutsianas, L., Mueller, M., Murugaesu, N., Need, A.C., Odhams, C.A., Patch, C., Perez-Gil, D., Polychronopoulos, D., Pullinger, J., Rahim, T., Rendon, A., Riesgo-Ferreiro, P., Rogers, T., Ryten, M., Savage, K., Sawant, K., Scott, R.H., Siddiq, A., Sieghart, A., Smedley, D., Smith, K.R., Sosinsky, A., Spooner, W., Stevens, H.E., Stuckey, A., Sultana, R., Thomas, E.R.A., Thompson, S.R., Tucci, A., Walsh, E., Watters, S.A., Welland, M.J., Williams, E., Witkowska, K., Acosta, Maria T., Adam, Margaret, Adams, David R., Agrawal, Pankaj B., Alejandro, Mercedes E., Alvey, Justin, Amendola, Laura, Andrews, Ashley, Ashley, Euan A., Azamian, Mahshid S., Bacino, Carlos A., Bademci, Guney, Baker, Eva, Balasubramanyam, Ashok, Baldridge, Dustin, Bale, Jim, Bamshad, Michael, Barbouth, Deborah, Bayrak-Toydemir, Pinar, Beck, Anita, Beggs, Alan H., Behrens, Edward, Bejerano, Gill, Bennet, Jimmy, Berg-Rood, Beverly, Bernstein, Jonathan A., Berry, Gerard T., Bican, Anna, Bivona, Stephanie, Blue, Elizabeth, Bohnsack, John, Bonnenmann, Carsten, Bonner, Devon, Botto, Lorenzo, Boyd, Brenna, Briere, Lauren C., Brokamp, Elly, Brown, Gabrielle, Burke, Elizabeth A., Burrage, Lindsay C., Butte, Manish J., Byers, Peter, Byrd, William E., Carey, John, Carrasquillo, Olveen, Peter Chang, Ta Chen, Chanprasert, Sirisak, Chao, Hsiao-Tuan, Clark, Gary D., Coakley, Terra R., Cobban, Laurel A., Cogan, Joy D., Coggins, Matthew, Cole, F. Sessions, Colley, Heather A., Cooper, Cynthia M., Craigen, William J., Crouse, Andrew B., Cunningham, Michael, D'Souza, Precilla, Dai, Hongzheng, Dasari, Surendra, Davids, Mariska, Dayal, Jyoti G., Deardorff, Matthew, Dell'Angelica, Esteban C., Dhar, Shweta U., Dipple, Katrina, Doherty, Daniel, Dorrani, Naghmeh, Douine, Emilie D., Draper, David D., Duncan, Laura, Earl, Dawn, Eckstein, David J., Emrick, Lisa T., Eng, Christine M., Esteves, Cecilia, Estwick, Tyra, Falk, Marni, Fernandez, Liliana, Ferreira, Carlos, Fieg, Elizabeth L., Findley, Laurie C., Fisher, Paul G., Fogel, Brent L., Forghani, Irman, Fresard, Laure, Gahl, William A., Glass, Ian, Godfrey, Rena A., Golden-Grant, Katie, Goldman, Alica M., Goldstein, David B., Grajewski, Alana, Groden, Catherine A., Gropman, Andrea L., Gutierrez, Irma, Hahn, Sihoun, Hamid, Rizwan, Hanchard, Neil A., Hassey, Kelly, Hayes, Nichole, High, Frances, Hing, Anne, Hisama, Fuki M., Holm, Ingrid A., Hom, Jason, Horike-Pyne, Martha, Huang, Alden, Huang, Yong, Isasi, Rosario, Jamal, Fariha, Jarvik, Gail P., Jarvik, Jeffrey, Jayadev, Suman, Johnston, Jean M., Karaviti, Lefkothea, Kelley, Emily G., Kennedy, Jennifer, Kiley, Dana, Kohane, Isaac S., Kohler, Jennefer N., Krakow, Deborah, Krasnewich, Donna M., Kravets, Elijah, Korrick, Susan, Koziura, Mary, Krier, Joel B., Lalani, Seema R., Lam, Byron, Lam, Christina, Lanpher, Brendan C., Lanza, Ian R., Lau, C. Christopher, LeBlanc, Kimberly, Lee, Brendan H., Lee, Hane, Levitt, Roy, Lewis, Richard A., Lincoln, Sharyn A., Liu, Pengfei, Liu, Xue Zhong, Longo, Nicola, Loo, Sandra K., Loscalzo, Joseph, Maas, Richard L., Macnamara, Ellen F., MacRae, Calum A., Maduro, Valerie V., Majcherska, Marta M., Mak, Bryan, Malicdan, May Christine V., Mamounas, Laura A., Manolio, Teri A., Mao, Rong, Maravilla, Kenneth, Markello, Thomas C., Marom, Ronit, Marth, Gabor, Martin, Beth A., Martin, Martin G., Martínez-Agosto, Julian A., Marwaha, Shruti, McCauley, Jacob, McCormack, Colleen E., McCray, Alexa T., McGee, Elisabeth, Mefford, Heather, Merritt, J. Lawrence, Might, Matthew, Mirzaa, Ghayda, Morava, Eva, Moretti, Paolo M., Morimoto, Marie, Mulvihill, John J., Murdock, David R., Nakano-Okuno, Mariko, Nath, Avi, Nelson, Stan F., Newman, John H., Nicholas, Sarah K., Nickerson, Deborah, Nieves-Rodriguez, Shirley, Novacic, Donna, Oglesbee, Devin, Orengo, James P., Pace, Laura, Pak, Stephen, Pallais, J. Carl, Papp, Jeanette C., Parker, Neil H., Phillips, John A., Posey, Jennifer E., Potocki, Lorraine, Pusey, Barbara N., Quinlan, Aaron, Raskind, Wendy, Raja, Archana N., Rao, Deepak A., Renteria, Genecee, Reuter, Chloe M., Rives, Lynette, Robertson, Amy K., Rodan, Lance H., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Rosenwasser, Natalie, Ruzhnikov, Maura, Sacco, Ralph, Sampson, Jacinda B., Samson, Susan L., Saporta, Mario, Scott, C. Ron, Schaechter, Judy, Schedl, Timothy, Scott, Daryl A., Sharma, Prashant, Shin, Jimann, Signer, Rebecca, Sillari, Catherine H., Silverman, Edwin K., Sinsheimer, Janet S., Sisco, Kathy, Smith, Edward C., Smith, Kevin S., Solem, Emily, Solnica-Krezel, Lilianna, Stoler, Joan M., Stong, Nicholas, Sullivan, Jennifer A., Sun, Angela, Sutton, Shirley, Sweetser, David A., Sybert, Virginia, Tabor, Holly K., Tamburro, Cecelia P., Tekin, Mustafa, Telischi, Fred, Thorson, Willa, Tifft, Cynthia J., Toro, Camilo, Tran, Alyssa A., Tucker, Brianna M., Urv, Tiina K., Vanderver, Adeline, Velinder, Matt, Viskochil, Dave, Vogel, Tiphanie P., Wahl, Colleen E., Wallace, Stephanie, Walley, Nicole M., Walsh, Chris A., Walker, Melissa, Wambach, Jennifer, Wan, Jijun, Wang, Lee-Kai, Wangler, Michael F., Ward, Patricia A., Wegner, Daniel, Wener, Mark, Wenger, Tara, Perry, Katherine Wesseling, Westerfield, Monte, Wheeler, Matthew T., Whitlock, Jordan, Wolfe, Lynne A., Woods, Jeremy D., Yamamoto, Shinya, Yang, John, Yu, Guoyun, Zastrow, Diane B., Zhao, Chunli, Zuchner, Stephan, Khokha, Mustafa K., Bönnemann, Carsten G., Lucas, Carrie L., and Lakhani, Saquib A.

Abstract

We sought to delineate a multisystem disorder caused by recessive cysteine-rich with epidermal growth factor–like domains 1 (CRELD1) gene variants.

Published
2024
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2. A Novel Heterozygous De Novo MORC2 Missense Variant Causes an Early Onset and Severe Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Author

Arbide, Daniel, Elkhateeb, Nour, Goljan, Ewa, Perez Gonzalez, Carolina, Maw, Anna, and Park, Soo-Mi

Abstract

Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger protein 2 (MORC2) is an ATPase-containing nuclear protein which regulates transcription through chromatin remodelling and epigenetic silencing. MORC2 may have a role in the development of neurones, and dominant variants in this gene have recently been linked with disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2Z disease, spinal muscular atrophy and, more recently, a neurodevelopmental syndrome consisting of developmental delay, impaired growth, dysmorphic facies, and axonal neuropathy (DIGFAN), presenting with hypotonia, microcephaly, brain atrophy, intellectual disability, hearing loss, faltering growth, and craniofacial dysmorphism. Notably, variants in MORC2 have shown clinical features overlapping with those of Cockayne and Leigh syndromes. Here, we report a case of MORC2-related DIGFAN syndrome in a female infant caused by a novel heterozygous de novo variant. The condition was early onset and severe, further expanding the range of genotypes associated with this disorder. Clinical features included unilateral hearing loss, developmental delay and regression within the first year of life, microcephaly, severe feeding difficulties, and faltering growth, resulting in death at 13 months of age.

Published
2024
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3. Clinical Diagnosis of Classical Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Made From Postmortem Examination of Second Trimester Fetus With Novel NIPBLPathogenic Variant

Author

Hague, Jennifer, Twiss, Philip, Mead, Zoe, and Park, Soo-Mi

Abstract

Classical Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder which is associated with distinctive facial features, growth retardation, significant intellectual disability and global developmental delay, hirsutism, and upper-limb reduction defects. Classical CdLS is associated with pathogenic variants in NIPBL. We present a clinical diagnosis of classical CdLS made in a second trimester male fetus with advanced maceration who had undergone intrauterine death at 15 + 6 weeks gestation. The diagnosis was suspected after multiple congenital anomalies were identified on fetal postmortem examination. These included intrauterine growth retardation, upper limb anomalies, ventricular septal defect and diaphragmatic hernia, and skeletal and genitourinary abnormalities. Related prenatal screening findings included a raised nuchal translucency and low maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A. Targeted molecular sequencing of genes associated with CdLS identified a novel de novoframeshift pathogenic variant in NIPBL, which confirmed the diagnosis. This report describes our case and reviews the current literature on prenatal diagnosis of CdLS. In summary, we demonstrate that clinical diagnosis of CdLS in a second trimester fetus, through postmortem examination findings, is possible, with confirmation through molecular testing.

Published
2019
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4. Prenatal exome sequencing analysis in fetal structural anomalies detected by ultrasonography (PAGE): a cohort study

Author

Lord, Jenny, McMullan, Dominic J, Eberhardt, Ruth Y, Rinck, Gabriele, Hamilton, Susan J, Quinlan-Jones, Elizabeth, Prigmore, Elena, Keelagher, Rebecca, Best, Sunayna K, Carey, Georgina K, Mellis, Rhiannon, Robart, Sarah, Berry, Ian R, Chandler, Kate E, Cilliers, Deirdre, Cresswell, Lara, Edwards, Sandra L, Gardiner, Carol, Henderson, Alex, Holden, Simon T, Homfray, Tessa, Lester, Tracy, Lewis, Rebecca A, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Prescott, Katrina, Quarrell, Oliver W, Ramsden, Simon C, Roberts, Eileen, Tapon, Dagmar, Tooley, Madeleine J, Vasudevan, Pradeep C, Weber, Astrid P, Wellesley, Diana G, Westwood, Paul, White, Helen, Parker, Michael, Williams, Denise, Jenkins, Lucy, Scott, Richard H, Kilby, Mark D, Chitty, Lyn S, Hurles, Matthew E, Maher, Eamonn R, Bateman, Mark, Berry, Ian R, Best, Sunayna K, Campbell, Carolyn, Campbell, Jenni, Carey, Georgina, Chandler, Kate E, Chitty, Lyn S, Cilliers, Deirdre, Cohen, Kelly, Collingwood, Emma, Constantinou, Panayiotis, Cresswell, Lara, Delmege, Catherine, Eberhardt, Ruth Y, Edwards, Sandra L, Ellis, Richard, Evans, Jerry, Everett, Thomas, Pinto, Clare F, Forrester, Natalie, Fowler, Emma, Gardiner, Carol, Hamilton, Susan, Healey, Karen, Henderson, Alex, Holden, Simon T, Homfray, Tessa, Hudson, Rebecca, Hurles, Matthew E, Jenkins, Lucy, Keelagher, Rebecca, Kilby, Mark D, Lester, Tracey, Lewis, Rebecca, Lord, Jenny, Maher, Eamonn R, Marton, Tamas, McMullan, Dominic J, Mehta, Sarju, Mellis, Rhiannon, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Park, Soo-Mi, Parker, Michael, Prescott, Katrina, Prigmore, Elena, Quarrell, Oliver W, Quinlan-Jones, Elizabeth, Ramsden, Simon C, Rinck, Gabriele, Robart, Sarah, Roberts, Eileen, Rowland, Jayne, Scott, Richard H, Steer, James, Tapon, Dagmar, Taylor, Emma J, Tooley, Madeleine J, Vasudevan, Pradeep C, Weber, Astrid P, Wellesley, Diana G, Westwood, Paul, White, Helen, Williams, Denise, and Wilson, Elizabeth

Abstract

Fetal structural anomalies, which are detected by ultrasonography, have a range of genetic causes, including chromosomal aneuploidy, copy number variations (CNVs; which are detectable by chromosomal microarrays), and pathogenic sequence variants in developmental genes. Testing for aneuploidy and CNVs is routine during the investigation of fetal structural anomalies, but there is little information on the clinical usefulness of genome-wide next-generation sequencing in the prenatal setting. We therefore aimed to evaluate the proportion of fetuses with structural abnormalities that had identifiable variants in genes associated with developmental disorders when assessed with whole-exome sequencing (WES).

Published
2019
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5. BRD4 interacts with NIPBL and BRD4is mutated in a Cornelia de Lange–like syndrome

Author

Olley, Gabrielle, Ansari, Morad, Bengani, Hemant, Grimes, Graeme, Rhodes, James, von Kriegsheim, Alex, Blatnik, Ana, Stewart, Fiona, Wakeling, Emma, Carroll, Nicola, Ross, Alison, Park, Soo-Mi, Bickmore, Wendy, Pradeepa, Madapura, and FitzPatrick, David

Abstract

We found that the clinical phenotype associated with BRD4haploinsufficiency overlapped with that of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), which is most often caused by mutation of NIPBL. More typical CdLS was observed with a de novo BRD4 missense variant, which retained the ability to coimmunoprecipitate with NIPBL, but bound poorly to acetylated histones. BRD4 and NIPBL displayed correlated binding at super-enhancers and appeared to co-regulate developmental gene expression. The clinical phenotype associated with BRD4 haploinsufficiency overlaps with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, which is often caused by mutations in NIPBL. The authors show that BRD4 and NIPBL physically interact and co-bind at super-enhancers.

Published
2018
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6. Heterozygous mutations affecting the protein kinase domain of CDK13cause a syndromic form of developmental delay and intellectual disability

Author

Hamilton, Mark J, Caswell, Richard C, Canham, Natalie, Cole, Trevor, Firth, Helen V, Foulds, Nicola, Heimdal, Ketil, Hobson, Emma, Houge, Gunnar, Joss, Shelagh, Kumar, Dhavendra, Lampe, Anne Katrin, Maystadt, Isabelle, McKay, Victoria, Metcalfe, Kay, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Park, Soo-Mi, Robert, Leema, Rustad, Cecilie F, Wakeling, Emma, Wilkie, Andrew O M, Study, The Deciphering Developmental Disorders, Twigg, Stephen R F, and Suri, Mohnish

Abstract

IntroductionRecent evidence has emerged linking mutations in CDK13to syndromic congenital heart disease. We present here genetic and phenotypic data pertaining to 16 individuals with CDK13mutations.MethodsPatients were investigated by exome sequencing, having presented with developmental delay and additional features suggestive of a syndromic cause.ResultsOur cohort comprised 16 individuals aged 4–16 years. All had developmental delay, including six with autism spectrum disorder. Common findings included feeding difficulties (15/16), structural cardiac anomalies (9/16), seizures (4/16) and abnormalities of the corpus callosum (4/11 patients who had undergone MRI). All had craniofacial dysmorphism, with common features including short, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism or telecanthus, medial epicanthic folds, low-set, posteriorly rotated ears and a small mouth with thin upper lip vermilion. Fifteen patients had predicted missense mutations, including five identical p.(Asn842Ser) substitutions and two p.(Gly717Arg) substitutions. One patient had a canonical splice acceptor site variant (c.2898–1G>A). All mutations were located within the protein kinase domain of CDK13. The affected amino acids are highly conserved, and in silico analyses including comparative protein modelling predict that they will interfere with protein function. The location of the missense mutations in a key catalytic domain suggests that they are likely to cause loss of catalytic activity but retention of cyclin K binding, resulting in a dominant negative mode of action. Although the splice-site mutation was predicted to produce a stable internally deleted protein, this was not supported by expression studies in lymphoblastoid cells. A loss of function contribution to the underlying pathological mechanism therefore cannot be excluded, and the clinical significance of this variant remains uncertain.ConclusionsThese patients demonstrate that heterozygous, likely dominant negative mutations affecting the protein kinase domain of the CDK13gene result in a recognisable, syndromic form of intellectual disability, with or without congenital heart disease.

Published
2018
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7. Tumour risks and genotype–phenotype correlations associated with germline variants in succinate dehydrogenase subunit genes SDHB, SDHCand SDHD

Author

Andrews, Katrina A, Ascher, David B, Pires, Douglas Eduardo Valente, Barnes, Daniel R, Vialard, Lindsey, Casey, Ruth T, Bradshaw, Nicola, Adlard, Julian, Aylwin, Simon, Brennan, Paul, Brewer, Carole, Cole, Trevor, Cook, Jackie A, Davidson, Rosemarie, Donaldson, Alan, Fryer, Alan, Greenhalgh, Lynn, hodgson, Shirley V, Irving, Richard, Lalloo, Fiona, McConachie, Michelle, McConnell, Vivienne P M, Morrison, Patrick J, Murday, Victoria, Park, Soo-Mi, Simpson, Helen L, Snape, Katie, Stewart, Susan, Tomkins, Susan E, Wallis, Yvonne, Izatt, Louise, Goudie, David, Lindsay, Robert S, Perry, Colin G, Woodward, Emma R, Antoniou, Antonis C, and Maher, Eamonn R

Abstract

BackgroundGermline pathogenic variants in SDHB/SDHC/SDHDare the most frequent causes of inherited phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas. Insufficient information regarding penetrance and phenotypic variability hinders optimum management of mutation carriers. We estimate penetrance for symptomatic tumours and elucidate genotype–phenotype correlations in a large cohort of SDHB/SDHC/SDHDmutation carriers.MethodsA retrospective survey of 1832 individuals referred for genetic testing due to a personal or family history of phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma. 876 patients (401 previously reported) had a germline mutation in SDHB/SDHC/SDHD(n=673/43/160). Tumour risks were correlated with in silico structural prediction analyses.ResultsTumour risks analysis provided novel penetrance estimates and genotype–phenotype correlations. In addition to tumour type susceptibility differences for individual genes, we confirmed that the SDHD:p.Pro81Leu mutation has a distinct phenotype and identified increased age-related tumour risks with highly destabilising SDHBmissense mutations. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, the penetrance (cumulative risk of clinically apparent tumours) in SDHBand (paternally inherited) SDHDmutation-positive non-probands (n=371/67 with detailed clinical information) by age 60 years was 21.8% (95% CI 15.2% to 27.9%) and 43.2% (95% CI 25.4% to 56.7%), respectively. Risk of malignant disease at age 60 years in non-proband SDHBmutation carriers was 4.2%(95% CI 1.1% to 7.2%). With retrospective cohort analysis to adjust for ascertainment, cumulative tumour risks for SDHBmutation carriers at ages 60 years and 80 years were 23.9% (95% CI 20.9% to 27.4%) and 30.6% (95% CI 26.8% to 34.7%).ConclusionsOverall risks of clinically apparent tumours for SDHBmutation carriers are substantially lower than initially estimated and will improve counselling of affected families. Specific genotype–tumour risk associations provides a basis for novel investigative strategies into succinate dehydrogenase-related mechanisms of tumourigenesis and the development of personalised management for SDHB/SDHC/SDHDmutation carriers.

Published
2018
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8. Phenotypic Characterization of EIF2AK4Mutation Carriers in a Large Cohort of Patients Diagnosed Clinically With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Author

Hadinnapola, Charaka, Bleda, Marta, Haimel, Matthias, Screaton, Nicholas, Swift, Andrew, Dorfmüller, Peter, Preston, Stephen D., Southwood, Mark, Hernandez-Sanchez, Jules, Martin, Jennifer, Treacy, Carmen, Yates, Katherine, Bogaard, Harm, Church, Colin, Coghlan, Gerry, Condliffe, Robin, Corris, Paul A., Gibbs, Simon, Girerd, Barbara, Holden, Simon, Humbert, Marc, Kiely, David G., Lawrie, Allan, Machado, Rajiv, MacKenzie Ross, Robert, Moledina, Shahin, Montani, David, Newnham, Michael, Peacock, Andrew, Pepke-Zaba, Joanna, Rayner-Matthews, Paula, Shamardina, Olga, Soubrier, Florent, Southgate, Laura, Suntharalingam, Jay, Toshner, Mark, Trembath, Richard, Noordegraaf, Anton Vonk, Wilkins, Martin R., Wort, Stephen J., Wharton, John, Gräf, Stefan, Morrell, Nicholas W., Aitman, Timothy, Bennett, David, Caulfield, Mark, Chinnery, Patrick, Gale, Daniel, Koziell, Ania, Kuijpers, Taco W, Laffan, Michael A, Maher, Eamonn, Markus, Hugh S, Ouwehand, Willem H, Perry, David, Raymond, F Lucy, Roberts, Irene, Smith, Kenneth, Thrasher, Adrian, Watkins, Hugh, Williamson, Catherine, Woods, Geoffrey, Ashford, Sofie, Bradley, John R, Fletcher, Debra, Hammerton, Tracey, James, Roger, Kingston, Nathalie, Ouwehand, Willem H, Penkett, Christopher J, Raymond, F Lucy, Stirrups, Kathleen, Veltman, Marijke, Young, Tim, Ashford, Sofie, Brown, Matthew, Clements-Brod, Naomi, Davis, John, Dewhurst, Eleanor, Erwood, Marie, Frary, Amy, Linger, Rachel, Papadia, Sofia, Rehnstrom, Karola, Stark, Hannah, Allsup, David, Austin, Steve, Bakchoul, Tamam, Bariana, Tadbir K, Bolton-Maggs, Paula, Chalmers, Elizabeth, Collins, Peter, Erber, Wendy N, Everington, Tamara, Favier, Remi, Freson, Kathleen, Furie, Bruce, Gattens, Michael, Gomez, Keith, Greene, Daniel, Greinacher, Andreas, Hart, Daniel, Heemskerk, Johan WM, Henskens, Yvonne, Kazmi, Rashid, Keeling, David, Kelly, Anne M, Laffan, Michael A, Lambert, Michele P, Lentaigne, Claire, Liesner, Ri, Mangles, Sarah, Mathias, Mary, Millar, Carolyn M, Mumford, Andrew, Nurden, Paquita, Ouwehand, Willem H, Papadia, Sofia, Payne, Jeanette, Pasi, John, Perry, David J, Peerlinck, Kathelijne, Richards, Michael, Rondina, Matthew, Roughley, Catherine, Schulman, Sol, Schulze, Harald, Scully, Marie, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, Tait, R Campbell, Talks, Kate, Thachil, Jecko, Turro, Ernest, Toh, Cheng-Hock, Van Geet, Chris, De Vries, Minka, Warner, Timothy Q, Westbury, Sarah, Furnell, Abigail, Mapeta, Rutendo, Simeoni, Ilenia, Staines, Simon, Stephens, Jonathan, Stirrups, Kathleen, Whitehorn, Deborah, Watt, Christopher, Attwood, Antony, Daugherty, Louise, Deevi, Sri VV, Halmagyi, Csaba, Hu, Fengyuan, James, Roger, Matser, Vera, Meacham, Stuart, Megy, Karyn, Penkett, Christopher J, Stirrups, Kathleen, Titterton, Catherine, Tuna, Salih, Yu, Ping, von Ziegenweldt, Julie, Astle, William, Carss, Keren, Greene, Daniel, Lango-Allen, Hana, Turro, Ernest, Astle, William, Greene, Daniel, Richardson, Sylvia, Turro, Ernest, Calleja, Paul, Rankin, Stuart, Turek, Wojciech, Bryson, Christine, Anderson, Julie, Fletcher, Debra, McJannet, Coleen, Stock, Sophie, Young, Tim, Wassmer, Evangeline, Sohal, Aman, Santra, Saikat, Vogt, Julie, Chitre, Manali, Krishnakumar, Deepa, Ambegaonkar, Gautum, Maw, Anna, Armstrong, Ruth, Park, Soo-Mi, Mehta, Sarju, Paterson, Joan, Carmichael, Jenny, Allen, Louise, Hensiek, Anke, Firth, Helen, Stein, Penelope, Deegan, Patrick, Doffinger, Rainer, Parker, Alasdair, Bitner-Glindzicz, Maria, Scott, Richard, Hurst, Jane, Rosser, Elisabeth, Lees, Melissa, Clement, Emma, Henderson, Robert, Thompson, Dorothy, Gardham, Alice, Gissen, Paul, Josifova, Dragana, Thomas, Ellen, Patch, Chris, Deshpande, Charu, Flinter, Frances, Holder, Muriel, Canham, Natalie, Wakeling, Emma, Holder, Susan, Ghali, Neeti, Brady, Angie, Clowes, Virginia, MacLaren, Robert, Webster, Andrew, Moore, Anthony, Arno, Gavin, Michaelides, Michel, Rankin, Julia, Kurian, Manju, Murphy, Elaine, Carss, Keren, Sanchis-Juan, Alba, Erwood, Marie, Dewhurst, Eleanor, Grozeva, Detelina, Raymond, F Lucy, Reid, Evan, Woods, Geoff, Tischkowitz, Marc, Sandford, Richard, Ali, Sonia, Creaser-Myers, Amanda, Cookson, Victoria, DaCosta, Rosa, Dormand, Natalie, Ghataorhe, Pavandeep K, Greenhalgh, Alan, Huis in’t Veld, Anna, Kennedy, Fiona, Mackenzie Ross, Rob, Masati, Larahmie, Meehan, Sharon, Othman, Shokri, Pollock, Val, Polwarth, Gary, Rhodes, Christopher J, Rue-Albrecht, Kevin, Schotte, Gwen, Shipley, Debbie, Tan, Yvonne, Wanjiku, Ivy, Wort, John, Smith, Kenneth, Kuijpers, Taco, Thrasher, Adrian, Thaventhiran, James, Brown, Matthew, Lango Allen, Hana, Simeoni, Ilenia, Staples, Emily, Samarghitean, Crina, Alachkar, Hana, Antrobus, Richard, Arumugakani, Gururaj, Bacchelli, Chiara, Baxendale, Helen, Bethune, Claire, Bibi, Shahnaz, Booth, Claire, Browning, Michael, Burns, Siobhan, Chandra, Anita, Cooper, Nichola, Davies, Sophie, Devlin, Lisa, Doffinger, Rainer, Drewe, Elizabeth, Edgar, David, Egner, William, Ghurye, Rohit, Gilmour, Kimberley, Goddard, Sarah, Gordins, Pavel, Grigoriadou, Sofia, Hackett, Scott, Hague, Rosie, Hayman, Grant, Herwadkar, Archana, Huissoon, Aarnoud, Jolles, Stephen, Kelleher, Peter, Kumararatne, Dinakantha, Lear, Sara, Longhurst, Hilary, Lorenzo, Lorena, Maimaris, Jesmeen, Manson, Ania, McDermott, Elizabeth, Murng, Sai, Nejentsev, Sergey, Noorani, Sadia, Oksenhendler, Eric, Ponsford, Mark, Qasim, Waseem, Quinti, Isabella, Richter, Alex, Sargur, Ravishankar, Savic, Sinisa, Seneviratne, Suranjith, Sewell, Carrock, Stauss, Hans, Thomas, Moira, Welch, Steve, Willcocks, Lisa, Yeatman, Nigel, and Yong, Patrick

Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Published
2017
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9. Clinical and Molecular Features of Renal and Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Tumor Association Syndrome (RAPTAS): Case Series and Literature Review.

Author

Casey, Ruth T, Warren, Anne Y, Martin, Jose Ezequiel, Challis, Benjamin G, Rattenberry, Eleanor, Whitworth, James, Andrews, Katrina A, Roberts, Thomas, Clark, Graeme R, West, Hannah, Smith, Philip S, Docquier, France M, Rodger, Fay, Murray, Vicki, Simpson, Helen L, Wallis, Yvonne, Giger, Olivier, Tran, Maxine, Tomkins, Susan, Stewart, Grant D, Park, Soo-Mi, Woodward, Emma R, and Maher, Eamonn R

Abstract

The co-occurrence of pheochromocytoma (PC) and renal tumors was linked to the inherited familial cancer syndrome von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease more than six decades ago. Subsequently, other shared genetic causes of predisposition to renal tumors and to PC, paraganglioma (PGL), or head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL) have been described, but case series of non-VHL-related cases of renal tumor and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma tumor association syndrome (RAPTAS) are rare.

Published
2017
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10. STAG1mutations cause a novel cohesinopathy characterised by unspecific syndromic intellectual disability

Author

Lehalle, Daphné, Mosca-Boidron, Anne-Laure, Begtrup, Amber, Boute-Benejean, Odile, Charles, Perrine, Cho, Megan T, Clarkson, Amanda, Devinsky, Orrin, Duffourd, Yannis, Duplomb-Jego, Laurence, Géééérard, Béénééédicte, Jacquette, Aurééééélia, Kuentz, Paul, Masurel-Paulet, Alice, McDougall, Carey, Moutton, Séééééébastien, Oliviééééééé, Hilde, Park, Soo-Mi, Rauch, Anita, Revencu, Nicole, Riviéééééééère, Jean-Baptiste, Rubin, Karol, Simonic, Ingrid, Shears, Deborah J, Smol, Thomas, Taylor Tavares, Ana Lisa, Terhal, Paulien, Thevenon, Julien, Van Gassen, Koen, Vincent-Delorme, Catherine, Willemsen, Marjolein H, Wilson, Golder N, Zackai, Elaine, Zweier, Christiane, Callier, Patrick, Thauvin-Robinet, Christel, and Faivre, Laurence

Abstract

BackgroundCohesinopathies are rare neurodevelopmental disorders arising from a dysfunction in the cohesin pathway, which enables chromosome segregation and regulates gene transcription. So far, eight genes from this pathway have been reported in human disease. STAG1belongs to the STAG subunit of the core cohesin complex, along with five other subunits. This work aimed to identify the phenotype ascribed to STAG1mutations.MethodsAmong patients referred for intellectual disability (ID) in genetics departments worldwide, array-comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH), gene panel, whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing were performed following the local diagnostic standards.ResultsA mutation in STAG1was identified in 17 individuals from 16 families, 9 males and 8 females aged 2–33 years. Four individuals harboured a small microdeletion encompassing STAG1; three individuals from two families had an intragenic STAG1deletion. Six deletions were identified by array-CGH, one by whole-exome sequencing. Whole-exome sequencing found de novo heterozygous missense or frameshift STAG1variants in eight patients, a panel of genes involved in ID identified a missense and a frameshift variant in two individuals. The 17 patients shared common facial features, with wide mouth and deep-set eyes. Four individuals had mild microcephaly, seven had epilepsy.ConclusionsWe report an international series of 17 individuals from 16 families presenting with syndromic unspecific ID that could be attributed to a STAG1deletion or point mutation. This first series reporting the phenotype ascribed to mutation in STAG1highlights the importance of data sharing in the field of rare disorders.

Published
2017
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11. Comprehensive Screening of Eight Known Causative Genes in Congenital Hypothyroidism With Gland-in-Situ

Author

Nicholas, Adeline K., Serra, Eva G., Cangul, Hakan, Alyaarubi, Saif, Ullah, Irfan, Schoenmakers, Erik, Deeb, Asma, Habeb, Abdelhadi M., Almaghamsi, Mohammad, Peters, Catherine, Nathwani, Nisha, Aycan, Zehra, Saglam, Halil, Bober, Ece, Dattani, Mehul, Shenoy, Savitha, Murray, Philip G., Babiker, Amir, Willemsen, Ruben, Thankamony, Ajay, Lyons, Greta, Irwin, Rachael, Padidela, Raja, Tharian, Kavitha, Davies, Justin H., Puthi, Vijith, Park, Soo-Mi, Massoud, Ahmed F., Gregory, John W., Albanese, Assunta, Pease-Gevers, Evelien, Martin, Howard, Brugger, Kim, Maher, Eamonn R., Chatterjee, V. Krishna K., Anderson, Carl A., and Schoenmakers, Nadia

Abstract

Context:Lower TSH screening cutoffs have doubled the ascertainment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH), particularly cases with a eutopically located gland-in-situ (GIS). Although mutations in known dyshormonogenesis genes or TSHRunderlie some cases of CH with GIS, systematic screening of these eight genes has not previously been undertaken.Objective:Our objective was to evaluate the contribution and molecular spectrum of mutations in eight known causative genes (TG, TPO, DUOX2, DUOXA2, SLC5A5, SLC26A4, IYD,and TSHR) in CH cases with GIS.Patients, Design, and Setting:We screened 49 CH cases with GIS from 34 ethnically diverse families, using next-generation sequencing. Pathogenicity of novel mutations was assessed in silico.Results:Twenty-nine cases harbored likely disease-causing mutations. Monogenic defects (19 cases) most commonly involved TG(12), TPO(four), DUOX2(two), and TSHR(one). Ten cases harbored triallelic (digenic) mutations: TGand TPO(one); SLC26A4and TPO(three), and DUOX2and TG(six cases). Novel variants overall included 15 TG, six TPO, and three DUOX2mutations. Genetic basis was not ascertained in 20 patients, including 14 familial cases.Conclusions:The etiology of CH with GIS remains elusive, with only 59% attributable to mutations in TSHRor known dyshormonogenesis-associated genes in a cohort enriched for familial cases. Biallelic TGor TPOmutations most commonly underlie severe CH. Triallelic defects are frequent, mandating future segregation studies in larger kindreds to assess their contribution to variable phenotype. A high proportion (∼41%) of unsolved or ambiguous cases suggests novel genetic etiologies that remain to be elucidated.

Published
2016
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12. Distinct genetic architectures for syndromic and nonsyndromic congenital heart defects identified by exome sequencing

Author

Sifrim, Alejandro, Hitz, Marc-Phillip, Wilsdon, Anna, Breckpot, Jeroen, Turki, Saeed H Al, Thienpont, Bernard, McRae, Jeremy, Fitzgerald, Tomas W, Singh, Tarjinder, Swaminathan, Ganesh Jawahar, Prigmore, Elena, Rajan, Diana, Abdul-Khaliq, Hashim, Banka, Siddharth, Bauer, Ulrike M M, Bentham, Jamie, Berger, Felix, Bhattacharya, Shoumo, Bu'Lock, Frances, Canham, Natalie, Colgiu, Irina-Gabriela, Cosgrove, Catherine, Cox, Helen, Daehnert, Ingo, Daly, Allan, Danesh, John, Fryer, Alan, Gewillig, Marc, Hobson, Emma, Hoff, Kirstin, Homfray, Tessa, Kahlert, Anne-Karin, Ketley, Ami, Kramer, Hans-Heiner, Lachlan, Katherine, Lampe, Anne Katrin, Louw, Jacoba J, Manickara, Ashok Kumar, Manase, Dorin, McCarthy, Karen P, Metcalfe, Kay, Moore, Carmel, Newbury-Ecob, Ruth, Omer, Seham Osman, Ouwehand, Willem H, Park, Soo-Mi, Parker, Michael J, Pickardt, Thomas, Pollard, Martin O, Robert, Leema, Roberts, David J, Sambrook, Jennifer, Setchfield, Kerry, Stiller, Brigitte, Thornborough, Chris, Toka, Okan, Watkins, Hugh, Williams, Denise, Wright, Michael, Mital, Seema, Daubeney, Piers E F, Keavney, Bernard, Goodship, Judith, Abu-Sulaiman, Riyadh Mahdi, Klaassen, Sabine, Wright, Caroline F, Firth, Helen V, Barrett, Jeffrey C, Devriendt, Koenraad, FitzPatrick, David R, Brook, J David, and Hurles, Matthew E

Abstract

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) have a neonatal incidence of 0.8–1% (refs. 1,2). Despite abundant examples of monogenic CHD in humans and mice, CHD has a low absolute sibling recurrence risk (∼2.7%), suggesting a considerable role for de novo mutations (DNMs) and/or incomplete penetrance. De novo protein-truncating variants (PTVs) have been shown to be enriched among the 10% of 'syndromic' patients with extra-cardiac manifestations. We exome sequenced 1,891 probands, including both syndromic CHD (S-CHD, n = 610) and nonsyndromic CHD (NS-CHD, n = 1,281). In S-CHD, we confirmed a significant enrichment of de novo PTVs but not inherited PTVs in known CHD-associated genes, consistent with recent findings. Conversely, in NS-CHD we observed significant enrichment of PTVs inherited from unaffected parents in CHD-associated genes. We identified three genome-wide significant S-CHD disorders caused by DNMs in CHD4, CDK13 and PRKD1. Our study finds evidence for distinct genetic architectures underlying the low sibling recurrence risk in S-CHD and NS-CHD.

Published
2016
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13. SOX11variants cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with infrequent ocular malformations and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and with distinct DNA methylation profile

Author

Al-Jawahiri, Reem, Foroutan, Aidin, Kerkhof, Jennifer, McConkey, Haley, Levy, Michael, Haghshenas, Sadegheh, Rooney, Kathleen, Turner, Jasmin, Shears, Debbie, Holder, Muriel, Lefroy, Henrietta, Castle, Bruce, Reis, Linda M., Semina, Elena V., Lachlan, Katherine, Chandler, Kate, Wright, Thomas, Clayton-Smith, Jill, Hug, Franziska Phan, Pitteloud, Nelly, Bartoloni, Lucia, Hoffjan, Sabine, Park, Soo-Mi, Thankamony, Ajay, Lees, Melissa, Wakeling, Emma, Naik, Swati, Hanker, Britta, Girisha, Katta M., Agolini, Emanuele, Giuseppe, Zampino, Alban, Ziegler, Tessarech, Marine, Keren, Boris, Afenjar, Alexandra, Zweier, Christiane, Reis, Andre, Smol, Thomas, Tsurasaki, Yoshinori, Nobuhiko, Okamoto, Sekiguchi, Futoshi, Tsuchida, Naomi, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Kou, Ikuyo, Yonezawa, Yoshiro, Ikegawa, Shiro, Callewaert, Bert, Freeth, Megan, Kleinendorst, Lotte, Donaldson, Alan, Alders, Marielle, De Paepe, Anna, Sadikovic, Bekim, and McNeill, Alisdair

Abstract

To undertake a multidisciplinary characterisation of the phenotype associated with SOX11variants.

Published
2022
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14. Persistent upper airway obstruction is a diagnostic feature of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with multiple dislocations (Hall type) with further evidence for dominant inheritanceHow to cite this article: Park S‐M, Hall CM, Gray R, Firth HV. 2007. Persistent upper airway obstruction is a diagnostic feature of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with multiple dislocations (Hall type) with further evidence for dominant inheritance. Am J Med Genet Part A 143A:2024–2028.

Author

Park, Soo‐Mi, Hall, Christine M., Gray, Roger, and Firth, Helen V.

Abstract

The spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMD) are a group of skeletal dysplasias of variable severity with a heterogeneous genetic aetiology. SEMD with multiple dislocations (Hall type) is a recently identified disorder (OMIM 603546) which is characterized by striking epiphyseal and metaphyseal changes of the long bones and joint laxity with multiple dislocations of the large joints. We report on persistent inspiratory stridor in a child with this type of SEMD in the second reported family with dominant transmission of this disorder. Microlaryngoscopy showed laryngeal stenosis due to failure of abduction of the vocal cords and a tracheostomy was required to provide a satisfactory airway. Since airway compromise has been reported previously in a small series of patients (total of five out of 13 cases so far), the evidence to date supports the association of upper airway obstruction in early childhood with the Hall type of SEMD. We therefore suggest that this is a clinically important diagnostic feature of this disorder. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Published
2007
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15. Publisher Correction: BRD4 interacts with NIPBL and BRD4 is mutated in a Cornelia de Lange–like syndrome

Author

Olley, Gabrielle, Ansari, Morad, Bengani, Hemant, Grimes, Graeme, Rhodes, James, Kriegsheim, Alex, Blatnik, Ana, Stewart, Fiona, Wakeling, Emma, Carroll, Nicola, Ross, Alison, Park, Soo-Mi, Bickmore, Wendy, Pradeepa, Madapura, and FitzPatrick, David

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2019
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16. Publisher Correction: BRD4 interacts with NIPBL and BRD4is mutated in a Cornelia de Lange–like syndrome

Author

Olley, Gabrielle, Ansari, Morad, Bengani, Hemant, Grimes, Graeme, Rhodes, James, von Kriegsheim, Alex, Blatnik, Ana, Stewart, Fiona, Wakeling, Emma, Carroll, Nicola, Ross, Alison, Park, Soo-Mi, Bickmore, Wendy, Pradeepa, Madapura, and FitzPatrick, David

Abstract

In the version of this article initially published, Wendy Bickmore and Madapura Pradeepa were incorrectly not indicated as corresponding authors. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the paper.

Published
2018
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18. Neuropathologic Characterization of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 6 Associated With Cardiomyopathy and Hydrops Fetalis and Severe Multisystem Respiratory Chain Deficiency due to Novel RARS2 Mutations

Author

Lax, Nichola Z., Alston, Charlotte L., Schon, Katherine, Park, Soo-Mi, Krishnakumar, Deepa, He, Langping, Falkous, Gavin, Ogilvy-Stuart, Amanda, Lees, Christoph, King, Rosalind H., Hargreaves, Iain P., Brown, Garry K., McFarland, Robert, Dean, Andrew F., and Taylor, Robert W.

Abstract

Autosomal recessive mutations in the RARS2 gene encoding the mitochondrial arginyl-transfer RNA synthetase cause infantile-onset myoencephalopathy pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6). We describe 2 sisters with novel compound heterozygous RARS2 mutations who presented perinatally with neurologic features typical of PCH6 but with additional features including cardiomyopathy, hydrops, and pulmonary hypoplasia and who died at 1 day and 14 days of age. Magnetic resonance imaging findings included marked cerebellar hypoplasia, gyral immaturity, punctate lesions in cerebral white matter, and unfused deep cerebral grey matter. Enzyme histochemistry of postmortem tissues revealed a near-global cytochrome c oxidase-deficiency; assessment of respiratory chain enzyme activities confirmed severe deficiencies involving complexes I, III, and IV. Molecular genetic studies revealed 2 RARS2 gene mutations: a c.1A>G, p.? variant predicted to abolish the initiator methionine, and a deep intronic c.613-3927C>T variant causing skipping of exons 6–8 in the mature RARS2 transcript. Neuropathologic investigation included low brain weights, small brainstem and cerebellum, deep cerebral white matter pathology, pontine nucleus neuron loss (in 1 sibling), and peripheral nerve pathology. Mitochondrial respiratory chain immunohistochemistry in brain tissues confirmed an absence of complexes I and IV immunoreactivity with sparing of mitochondrial numbers. These cases expand the clinical spectrum of RARS2 mutations, including antenatal features and widespread mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies in postmortem brain tissues.

Published
2015
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