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An emoji known as "Face with Tears of Joy" was named the Oxford Dictionaries' 2015 Word of the Year. (1) (See Exhibit 1.) Nevertheless, Oxford Dictionaries have yet to add [...]

When daytime tropical convection develops away from mesoscale disturbances, it typically transitions gradually from dry to shallow to deep convection on hourly timescales. The transition is commonly associated with the formation of larger horizontal boundary‐layer structures and an increasing level of cloud organization aloft. This study demonstrates that a spectral analysis of the resolved high‐resolution sub‐cloud flow features allows for a robust identification of dominant length scales and the quantification of their growth rates during the transition. Furthermore, it is shown that temperature, moisture, and horizontal winds develop multiple length scales with the largest ones growing up to several kilometers in magnitude. However, the vertical velocity behaves in a distinct manner developing significantly smaller values, comparable over land and ocean. This indicates stronger inherent limits of vertical velocity to self‐organize by size. When tropical storms form away from big weather systems, they usually go through several stages, starting with shallow clouds and then gradually intensifying until deep clouds with anvils develop. As the transition progresses, larger flow patterns form in the air close to the ground, and the clouds above become more organized. This study found that by looking at high‐resolution modeling data in terms of energy distribution per structure size, we can see how these patterns change and grow over time. It also found that the sizes of temperature, moisture, and horizontal wind patterns are similar to each other and can be several kilometers wide. But the patterns of vertical motion behave differently, staying smaller and not growing as much, whether over land or ocean. This indicates natural limits to how big the structures of vertical air movement can get during the formation of local storms. Simulated transition to deep convection over both land and ocean is analyzed using a novel method based on spectral analysisDominant sub‐cloud length scales for temperature, moisture, and wind grow linearly until the onset of deep convectionNotably, vertical velocity length scale remains at much lower values, indicating a weaker tendency to self‐organize by size Simulated transition to deep convection over both land and ocean is analyzed using a novel method based on spectral analysis Dominant sub‐cloud length scales for temperature, moisture, and wind grow linearly until the onset of deep convection Notably, vertical velocity length scale remains at much lower values, indicating a weaker tendency to self‐organize by size

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α2‐Agonisten spielen heute eine wichtige Rolle in der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin. Bei sachgemäßem Einsatz sind die Nebenwirkungen substanzspezifisch und vorhersehbar. Die Kombination aus sedierenden und analgetischen Eigenschaften bei gleichzeitig fehlender Atemdepression und Glättung des hämodynamischen Profils durch sympatholytische Eigenschaften machen dies Substanzklasse heute zu einer wichtigen Bereicherung des pharmakologischen Armamentariums in der Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin.

The development of dexmedetomidine, a potent and highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, has created new interest in the use of α2-adrenoceptor agonists, and has led to its evaluation in various yet non-approved perioperative settings. The current review focuses on the usefulness of dexmedetomidine in anaesthesia practice.

Sedation and analgesia are important means of providing care for the critically ill patient.

The installation of Ultra-Fast Charging stations (UFCS) is of vital importance to enhance and support the global shift to electric mobility. However, since UFCSs require a huge amount of energy in short period of time, their integration with the energy transmission and distribution grids will lead to a considerable number of technical challenges. To mitigate these negative aspects the incorporation of a Photovoltaic (PV) power plant and a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in the station systems seems crucial. In this paper an optimization study to find the size of these additional components is carried out. The final aim is to find their optimal dimensions to make the integration the most convenient as possible from an economic point of view. To achieve such a purpose, a single-objective optimization problem is simulated. The objective function aims to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV) of the overall charging station. The single-objective function is optimized through a genetic algorithm (GA) and the optimization toolbox embedded in the MATLAB software has been used to run the proposed optimization. The results highlight how the configuration complemented with the PV plant and the BESS is better from a technical-economic perspective. As a matter of fact, the profitability of such UFCS will be 7.5 % higher than the solution without additional components.

Patienten mit Suchterkrankungen sind im perioperativen Bereich nicht selten. Derzeit geht man davon aus, dass mindestens jeder 10. Patient, der sich einer chirurgischen Behandlung unterzieht, einen chronischen Alkoholmissbrauch betreibt, in der deutschen Allgemeinbevölkerung beträgt die Prävalenz eines chronisch erhöhten Alkoholkonsums 4, 6 %. Zu einem Alkoholentzugsdelir kommt es perioperativ in 8 bis 31 % der Fälle.