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This article discusses hypothetical PC builds for different budget ranges. The author provides updates and changes made to the builds, including component swaps and price adjustments. The article focuses on the performance and value of the components, such as CPUs, GPUs, SSDs, and power supplies. The author also mentions the impact of market fluctuations on prices. The article provides detailed specifications and approximate prices for each build. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a new system frequency response model with participation of wind-hydro-thermal units to overcome frequency deviations. Design/methodology/approach: The extracted minimum frequency equation is considered as a constraint in security-constrained unit commitment calculations. Because of high-order polynomials in the frequency transfer function and high degree of nonlinearity of minimum frequency constraint, Routh stability criterion method and piecewise linearization technique are used to reduce system order and linearize the system frequency response model, respectively. Findings: The results of this paper indicate that by using this model, the hourly minimum frequency is improved and is kept within defined range. Originality/value: This combined model can be used to evaluate the frequency of the power system following unexpected load increase or generation disturbances. It also can be used to investigate the system frequency performance and ensure power system security which are caused by peak load or loss of generation in presence of renewable energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plastverarbeiter is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the potential benefits of mass testing to identify and isolate individuals infected with respiratory viruses, aiming to reduce hospitalizations and deaths without the need for widespread social distancing measures. The effectiveness of mass testing depends on factors such as the characteristics of the virus and the testing strategy employed. The study suggests that with high adherence and frequent, sensitive testing, respiratory virus pandemics could potentially be controlled through mass testing alone. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "Catalytic Hydrogen Heating System" introduces a new technology developed by HYTING that utilizes a catalyst to release heat from the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in the air. This system allows for CO2-free heating at various performance levels, including high heating capacity requirements. It can generate 37.4 kWh of thermal energy from 1 kg of hydrogen and is available in heating capacities ranging from 10 to 300 kW. The system can be used as a primary, peak load, or backup heating system and can be retrofitted into existing ventilation systems. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, an ordinary state-based peridynamics (OSBPD) modeling method is proposed to simulate the 3D problem of anchor bolt pullout in concrete. The peridynamic methodology is employed as an analytical instrument to circumvent the challenges encountered within the finite element method. A bilinear cohesive constitutive model is employed to describe the plastic behavior of plain concrete. This modeling method is used in two cases. One is the elastic deformation of bi-material cantilever beam, and the other is the failure of anchor bolt pullout in concrete. The effect of concrete thickness and embedment depth of anchor bolt are investigated by several groups of simulation. The progressive failure process of the anchor bolt pullout test is also presented in detail. By comparing with existing research, this modeling method without additional failure criteria can accurately predict the peak pullout load and the propagation of 3D multi-cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif has underlined the need for combined efforts to explore the true potential of clean energy resources, coupled with utilization of modern tools and technical gadgets to fully harness the talents of young generations and explore future avenues for progress and prosperity. He mentioned his administration in Punjab province which had explored solar power in 2012 and established a 1000 MW solar power park in Bahawalpur, south of Lahore. [Extracted from the article]

The government is planning in haste to install 10,000 MW solar energy projects. Another option the government could think of having solar plants next to IPPs (independent power plants). [Extracted from the article]

The article evaluates the Linux kernel 6.8 from Linus Torvalds, which features various hardware support updates, improved performance for specific laptop models, networking enhancements, gaming controller support, and other notable features, making it a significant release for Ubuntu.

A recent study investigated the safety and efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ECR) in patients with refractory angina (RA). The study found that a 12-week ECR program was safe and resulted in positive clinical effects, including increased exercise duration, intensity of angina, and angina and ischemic thresholds in RA patients. However, there were no significant differences in clinical events and anginal symptoms between the ECR group and the control group. This study provides valuable insights into the potential benefits of ECR for patients with refractory angina. Please note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Florida examined the mechanical characteristics of an intramedullary nail with a threaded interference design (TID) compared to a commercially available veterinary angle-stable nail with a Morse taper bolt design (I-Loc). The study found that the TID interlocking screws provided angle stability and withstood fatigue loading, making them a suitable mechanism for generating angle stability in interlocking nails. The research concluded that while the TID had an inferior torsional yield load compared to the I-Loc implants, it still demonstrated angle stability and sustained simulated physiologic fatigue loading. This study provides valuable insights for veterinary research in the field of veterinary medicine. [Extracted from the article]

Iraq has begun importing power from Turkey through a newly operational electricity-transmission line. The 115-kilometer line connects to a power station west of Mosul and will supply 300 megawatts to the northern provinces of Nineveh, Salahuddin, and Kirkuk. This project, which has been delayed since 2004, is part of Iraq's strategy to integrate into the regional energy system and diversify its sources. Despite its oil reserves, Iraq heavily relies on electricity and gas imports, especially during peak demand in the summer. The government is also exploring connections with other neighboring countries and aims to complete the connection with the Gulf Cooperation Council electric grid by the end of the year. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Rush University in Chicago, Illinois, explored the use of the indirect head of the rectus femoris (IHRF) tendon as a graft for segmental hip labral reconstruction. The study aimed to investigate the anatomical characteristics and biomechanical properties of the IHRF tendon, as well as its potential as a graft for labral reconstruction. The researchers found that the IHRF tendon is anatomically close to relevant landmarks and that harvesting it as an autograft does not lead to significant donor-site morbidity. The study also demonstrated that segmental labral reconstruction with the IHRF tendon yields similar biomechanical outcomes compared to reconstruction with the iliotibial band. This information can be useful for clinicians in selecting a graft and guiding arthroscopic graft harvest. [Extracted from the article]

National Transmission and Despatch Company (NTDC) said on Tuesday that the country will continue to face power load-shedding in the coming years due to system constraints and other factors. The representative of NTDC, Sabir said that globally, load-shedding is included in future plans, but Cabinet Committee on Energy (CCOE) was of the view that load shedding cannot be eliminated forthwith and directed NTDC to exclude it from total demand. According to the draft, IGCEP 2021-20, the least cost, long-term generation expansion plan for NTDC system for the period 2021 to 2030 is developed using generation planning software - PLEXOS. [Extracted from the article]

Spurious mesh sensitivity is a major challenge in continuum finite element (FE) simulations of damage and fracture of quasibrittle structures. It has been shown that the existing localization limiters, which largely focus on energy regularization, are insufficient for addressing the issue of mesh sensitivity in stochastic analysis. In this study, we investigate the mathematical algorithm for mapping the continuous random fields of material properties onto the FE meshes. This is a fundamental problem in stochastic FE analysis, which has profound implications for the mesh sensitivity in the prediction of the statistics of failure behavior. We adopt a continuum damage constitutive model, and develop a mechanistic mapping method. The projection of the random fields of material properties onto the FE mesh is governed by the prevailing damage pattern of the element. The damage pattern of each finite element is determined based on the spatial distribution of the damage of its surrounding elements. Meanwhile, the prevailing damage pattern also dictates the energy regularization of the constitutive response of the finite element. The combination of energy regularization and mechanistic mapping method ensures that, for each time increment, the random tangential stiffness tensor of each finite element is calculated in accordance with the ongoing damage pattern. A direct consequence of the model is that, depending on the damage pattern, the statistics of the tangential stiffness tensor could vary with the mesh size. The model is applied to stochastic FE analysis of both notched and unnotched flexural specimens under different loading configurations, which exhibit different failure behaviors. The numerical analysis also considers different correlation lengths of the random fields of material properties. The simulation shows that, with the energy regularization scheme, the commonly used local mapping and local averaging methods could yield considerable mesh dependence of the statistics of the peak load capacity. The result also reveals the effect of correlation length on the spurious mesh dependence. By relating the mapping algorithm to the underlying damage pattern, the present model is able to mitigate the mesh sensitivity for different specimen geometries, loading configurations, and correlation lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses changes in how farmers and ranchers in Nebraska are being charged for their electrical energy. With the use of advanced meter infrastructure, electricity usage can be measured more accurately, leading to more detailed rate schedules and charges. The article provides examples of common charges on electric bills and suggests ways to save money, such as understanding rate schedules and adjusting energy usage. It also mentions the importance of understanding demand and power factor in reducing electrical bills. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for farmers to download and understand their rate schedules to plan for future savings. [Extracted from the article]

The Sapphire Nitro+ Radeon RX 7900 GRE is a high-end graphics card that was originally released as a China-exclusive model in mid-2023. It is now available for standalone purchase in the wider market. The card features a RDNA 3 Navi 31 chiplet GPU, 16GB of memory, and a healthy factory overclock. In terms of performance, it sits between the RX 7800 XT and RX 7900 XT, and is on par with the RTX 4070 Super. The Sapphire Nitro+ RX 7900 GRE is praised for its low noise levels, efficient cooling, and overall build quality. It is considered one of the highlights of the RX 7000-series generation. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of IEE: Industrie, Engineering, Effizienz is the property of Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Munchen GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For now, we think AMD Ryzen 5000 CPUs and Intel's own 10th generation CPUs are better buys. The Lab Intel Core i9-11900K: $889, Intel Core i9-11600K: $419 | www.intel.com It's hard to imagine that every generation of Intel desktop processor released since August 2015 is based on the Skylake architecture. 11th Gen will be one of the last monolithic CPU designs from Intel, before it moves to the new "Tile" design, following AMD's lead with its pioneering "Chiplet" layout. [Extracted from the article]

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is adopted to simulate the peak impact load, the water entry process and the water entry characteristics of a re-entry capsule with the complex capsule motions modelled by a developed six degrees of freedom fluid-solid coupling model. Diffused particle distribution is developed and used in the simulations to decrease memory and computational cost. The results show that the six degrees of freedom model and diffused particle distribution are valid. The results obtained by the improved SPH method match well with experimental results, and the maximal impact load of the capsule may reach more than 10 G, even tens of G. In addition, the peak impact loads are significantly affected by the capsule vertical velocity, the capsule mass, and the pitch angle, while are slightly affected by the horizontal velocity. More concretely, the peak impact load increases with the increase of vertical velocity, and decreases with the increase of mass. However, there is no definite law between the peak load and the pitch angle. These results can provide a foundation for guiding capsule design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between electricity consumption (EC), peak load (PL) and gross domestic product (GDP) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by employing a vector auto-regression (VAR) analysis using time series data from 1990–2015. We also employ Granger causality testing, the impulse response function and forecast error variance decompositions. The forecasts for the total EC, PL and GDP using the VAR model with a ten-year horizon show positive growth rates of around 7.21%, 6.87% and 14.14%, respectively. We find bidirectional Granger causal relationships between the PL and the EC and GDP. The results also show that 29% of the PL is explained by its own innovative shocks. The contributions of the EC and GDP to the PL are 10% and 34%, respectively. This study demonstrates PL to be a significant variable that relates to growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth and remodeling in soft tissue changes, in general, the orientation distribution of the collagen fibers in the tissue. So far, the governing principles are still incompletely understood. In this paper, we derive from the homogenized constrained mixture theory of soft tissue growth and remodeling – under some simplifying assumptions – a theoretical framework that enables simple analytical solutions that help to understand the evolution of the collagen fiber distribution in soft tissues during growth and remodeling under uniaxial loading. Our analysis suggests a natural tendency of the collagen fiber distribution to form a peak in the direction of loading and a spread increasing with the ratio of the fiber half-life time and the time constant governing loading-related fiber production. This observation helps to understand why in vivo collagen fiber reinforcement is typically organized in the form of (often von Mises-like) distributions with a finite spread. Our analysis also suggests a considerable history dependence of the fiber distribution evolution, which may explain why, in tissues under the same type of loading, sometimes considerably different fiber orientation distributions are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham aimed to compare the strengths of different plate designs used in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures. The study utilized human cadaveric specimens and biomechanical testing to measure the performance of three plating designs. The results showed that the 3D plate and two plate designs demonstrated increased strength compared to the single plate design. The researchers concluded that the selection of the method of fixation should consider both anatomical and patient-specific factors, as well as biomechanical strength. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Logistra is the property of Huss Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Peak current mode buck-boost converter with simple memristive load emulator is presented. • Dynamical effects of the memristive load on buck-boost converter are uncovered and analyzed. • Comparative results between the memristive load and resistive load are concluded. When an output load of switching DC-DC converter exhibits the fingerprints of frequency dependent pinched hysteresis loops, the load can be regarded as a memristive load. By substituting a resistive load with the voltage-controlled memristive load emulator, a peak current mode (PCM) memristive buck-boost converter is presented in this paper. Based on the circuit equations under two kinds of switch states, the switched conditions and normalized system model of the PCM memristive buck-boost converter operating at continuous conduction mode (CCM) are derived. Through MATLAB numerical plots, dynamical behaviors of the PCM memristive buck-boost converter are investigated and dynamical effects of the memristive load on the buck-boost converter are thereby uncovered. The results indicate that such a buck-boost converter exhibits complex dynamical behaviors including chaos, period, period-doubling bifurcation, and border collision bifurcation; the memristive load does not affect the bifurcation structures but can make the normal operation region to broaden and cause the average output voltages to drop. Additionally, the enlargement of the memristive effect of the load, the normal operation regions are further expanded and the average output voltages are further reduced. Finally, PSIM simulation model is constructed, upon which circuit simulations effectively confirm the numerical plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IEE: Industrie, Engineering, Effizienz is the property of Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Munchen GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plastverarbeiter is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CIO: IT Leadership & Best Practice is the property of IDG Communications, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work we present a Distributed Demand-Side Management system based on the Artificial Immune Network algorithm. It implements an intelligent, distributed and autonomous control of the customer’s Air Conditioning devices in order to meet the desired demand. The system is particularly adapted to tackle the Peak Load problem that appears in Tropical and Subtropical climates due to the use of thousands of these devices at the same time. The design follows the guidelines set by the Smart Grid paradigm, in the sense that it is fault tolerant, distributed and self-controlled. It requires minimal communication infrastructure when compared to a centralized system. The algorithm was evaluated using synthetic and real data. We define Maximal and Average Tolerance as performance metrics, and show that the system keeps the consumption within 1% of the given load limit in all 5 cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Bloomberg) -- India's peak electricity demand climbed to a record last month, driven mainly by the increased use of cooling appliances to beat the sweltering heat. Read More: India's June Heat Wave Deaths Are a Harbinger of Worse to Come Still, the peak demand in June was lower than the high of 229 gigawatts the power ministry had forecast, thanks to cooler temperatures in parts of the country that eased the load on coal supplies. [Extracted from the article]

In the year through April, there were 144,263 non-New Zealand citizen arrivals offset by 45,872 non-citizen departures. (Bloomberg) -- Foreigners are flocking to New Zealand in record numbers after the nation loosened immigration rules to plug labor shortages. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents updates on electric utility companies in the U.S. as of October 1955. Some electrical equipment manufacturers increased their prices for transformers and some other items of heavy apparatus in mid-September. It notes that utilities will spend 2.2 billion U.S. dollars on feeder equipment and will continue to be big spenders for equipment. The widening gap between capacity for generating power and the peak load requirements is discussed.

Copyright of IEE: Industrie, Engineering, Effizienz is the property of Dokumentations- und Informationszentrum (DIZ) Munchen GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Busplaner is the property of Huss Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the impact that peak demand for diamonds has on diamond mining, including the diamond mining company De Beers' mine known as Gahcho Kué in the Northwest Territories, Canada. It discusses the history of diamond mining from the late 19th century through the early 21st century. Reduced global sales of diamonds are discussed.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a method based on the fuzzy correlation for modelling of active and reactive powers from the substations of the electrical distribution systems, at the peak load. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the correlation theory, the fuzzy models of the loads can be obtained using a new algorithm. If in the case of the principal/connection station there is sufficient database information for a good forecasting of the load, then for those substations where data are missing (there is no continuous monitoring or the measuring system can be broken for a while) the forecasting of the load can be performed using the correlation studies. The starting point of the algorithm is statistical analysis of the active and reactive curves of the substations and utilization of a fuzzy linear regression model. This can be made for different time windows (window 24 h, window 7 h, etc). The window 24 h can be used successfully to estimate the hourly load on any substation. The other time window (7 h) can be used in the peak load estimation of the substations, using the maximum value of the active power recorded in a reference substation. Findings – The numerical data show that the fuzzy correlation models can be used with very good results for determination of the peak load corresponding distribution substations, and further with the state estimation of the system. In this study, the influence of the time window size is presented in detail, and the fuzzy correlation models for the peak loads from the distribution substations are obtained. Originality/value – Starting from the correlation theory, a method of fuzzy modelling of active and reactive powers from the substations of an electrical distribution system is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Part 1 of this two-part series, John Hinshaw discussed the resolution of a pair of symmetrical peaks and the effects that relative peak size have on area measurements. This month's "GC Connections" examines the effects of peak tailing on resolution and peak overlap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the 1-in-10 criterion, the generally-accepted criterion for resource adequacy in electricity capacity planning to maintain reliable reserve margins. It states that the practice has been criticized and challenged for a long time by economists as being too conservative and benefits more the regulators and utilities than the consumers. Also discussed at are the criterion's benefits, costs and impact on customers with pertinent statistics on peak loads and reserve margin/load expectation relationship.

Nokia's Ken Kutzler, VP of its IP routing hardware business, said: "Working with DE-CIX is really special for us. DE-CIX said it is upgrading the edge routers in Frankfurt to new Nokia 7750 SR-14s models. [Extracted from the article]

Viscoplastic crack-tip deformation behaviour in a nickel-based superalloy at elevated temperature has been studied for both stationary and growing cracks in a compact tension (CT) specimen using the finite element method. The material behaviour was described by a unified viscoplastic constitutive model with non-linear kinematic and isotropic hardening rules, and implemented in the finite element software ABAQUS via a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). Finite element analyses for stationary cracks showed distinctive strain ratchetting behaviour near the crack tip at selected load ratios, leading to progressive accumulation of tensile strain normal to the crack-growth plane. Results also showed that low frequencies and superimposed hold periods at peak loads significantly enhanced strain accumulation at crack tip. Finite element simulation of crack growth was carried out under a constant ΔK-controlled loading condition, again ratchetting was observed ahead of the crack tip, similar to that for stationary cracks. A crack-growth criterion based on strain accumulation is proposed where a crack is assumed to grow when the accumulated strain ahead of the crack tip reaches a critical value over a characteristic distance. The criterion has been utilized in the prediction of crack-growth rates in a CT specimen at selected loading ranges, frequencies and dwell periods, and the predictions were compared with the experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on a study on the estimation of ice loads on the hull of the KV Svalbard ship based on strains measured in the winter of 2007 as part of a project headed by DNV. The correlation of the loading with measured strains is made through the use of a finite element model. The ice loads were monitored by fiber optic strain sensors mounted on the hull. Based on the results, increase in the peak load is due to a sudden increase in ice thickness.

Sunverge, San Francisco, a providerof distributed energy resource (DER)control, orchestration and aggregationplatform, recently announced a strategiccollaboration with Eaton, Beachwood,OH, to bring together Sunverge's advancedintelligent energy management platformand Eaton's energy management circuitbreakers. By offering a home energy managementsolution that integrates Eaton's intelligentcircuit-level load management offering,Sunverge is "poised to accelerate thegrowth of the smart home market withoutdependence on the consumer adoptioncycle of smart home appliances." Integrating Eaton's energy managementcircuit breakers with the Sunverge platformwill deliver to utilities an all-in-onesolution for integrated and holistic smarthome energy management, DER (DistributedEnergy Response) control anddynamic, flexible load management. [Extracted from the article]

Discusses the use of measured equipment load data to right-size laboratory heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and minimize simultaneous heating and cooling. Flaws of designs based on nameplate-rated data or assumptions from prior projects; Peak-load estimation; Benefits of right-sizing.

The only solution is to increase the all season, GDP generating industrial load, stop all un-necessary imports and set up local industry (Eg. EVs). Some foreign consultant must have told this gas thing to CCoE in English, otherwise we have been telling this to them since 2015. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers helpful tips in preparing for the new E-rate implementation. Topics covered include checking the Internet connection for determining peak-use times, considering curriculum-required Internet-based resources and participation in online assessment for creating a precise budget plan. Also mentioned are prioritizing Internet access and responding to the Further Notice of Proposed Rule-Making (FNPRM) from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to determine E-rate funds.

The article focuses on the strategy employed by the New England Electric System (NEES) in providing turbulent electric utility services. NEES plans to apply a wide range of load management and conservation steps to help reduce its annual peak-load growth. This will be done by utilizing new rate structures where the energy audit teams are removed to provide their customers with free energy-saving tips and to let the company test its black-box devices.

As you'd expect, the X73 is compatible with all the current (and many older) platforms, including Threadripper CPUs that ship with an included adapter that's compatible with the X73. The X73 utilises popular Asetek components, though Nzxt added its own aesthetic and functionality touches. It can be a resource hog though, and unless you're using a rare Nzxt motherboard, we'd stick to the motherboard manufacturer's software suites where applicable. [Extracted from the article]