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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. One of the best established CLL prognostic markers is the somatic hypermutational status of the IGHVgene which is a part of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region. Technology for IGHV genotyping has been optimized and has been applied in routine diagnostics for the first time in Bulgaria. A total of 105 patients with CLL from different Bulgarian regions were tested. IGHV mutational status was determined by Sanger sequencing on total genomic DNA (gDNA) or RNA extracted from mononuclear cells. All sequencing profiles were analyzed with the IMGT/V-QUEST tool. Within the course of the analysis a high percentage of IGHV unmutated status was established in the Varna district on the Black Sea (Northeast Bulgaria). In addition, the IGHV genotyping performed on gDNA revealed a rare case with multiple rearrangements. The present data from IGHV genotyping will help in choosing the proper treatment for the benefit of Bulgarian CLL patients.

The purpose of the study is to create computer program for the achievement of precise digital data processing of records performed with the “Facebow Mini-Maxi” and the facilitation of information transfer to the articulator.

Abstract: Two double mutants carrying pea symbiotic gene pairs sym13, sym40 and sym33, respectively, were constructed using single mutants blocked at different nodule developmental stages: E135F (sym13), SGE-Fix−-1 (sym40) and SGEFix−-2 (sym33). The epistasis of the mutant allele sym40 over the mutant allele sym13 and sym33 over sym40 was shown with respect to nodule histological and ultrastructural organization. Thus, the proposed earlier sequential functioning of genes during infection process Sym33 → Sym40 → Sym13 has been confirmed.

Objective: To determine the causes of neonatal death for extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants. Methods: All liveborn infants below 1000 g birth weight born from 1994 to 1998 who died and were autopsied were included. Maternal and infant characteristics, placental histology, autopsy material and culture results were obtained. Results: A total of 263 ELBW infants were born alive, 104 (40%) died and 44 (42%) were autopsied. Placentas were available for 41 (93%). Infection was the leading cause of death in the autopsied babies (25/44; 57%). Sixteen (64%) of these deaths occurred within the first 48 h and were classified as being due to congenital infections. Twenty-two of 41 (54%) placentas showed evidence of infection. Infection as a cause of death peaked at 22 weeks. Other causes of death were lethal anomalies (20%), respiratory distress and its complications (9%) and immaturity, intraventricular hemorrhage and other conditions (14%). Conclusion: Congenital infection is the leading cause of death in ELBW infants.

AbstractWe report a term infant with Pompe disease presenting in the immediate newborn period. The infant was born at 40 weeks gestation, weighing 3600 g to a 32 year-old black female. Infant presented at delivery with massive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension. Diagnosis was confirmed by low α-glucosidase activity. The histopathology and electron microscopic findings were consistent with Pompe disease. This is the second reported case of Pompe disease presenting at delivery.

Reactions of 1-nitro-2-sulfonylalkenes with arenethiolates result in replacement of the sulfonyl group; the reactions with alkanethiolates are accompanied by subsequent addition of the reagent at the double bond to afford thioacetals. Less reactive α-nitro-β-R-thiostyrenes with thiolates at reduced temperature form addition products which are converted into the corresponding substitution products on storage at room temperature, in keeping with the addition-elimination mechanism of nucleophilic vinyl substitution. Nitro(arylthio)- and nitro(heterylthio)alkenes react with alkanethiolates at room temperature, resulting in replacement of the arylthio (heterylthio) group by alkylthio.

ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were to test the hypotheses that antibiotic therapy will alter the histologic appearance of fetal membranes in preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM), and that the membrane histology will demonstrate distinct differences between term and preterm rupture of membranes. We also wished to test interobserver variability of pathologists. Placental membranes were sampled from 268 women participating in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of antibiotic therapy for pPROM at 24–32 weeks of gestation (cases) and from 4 control groups who were not in the randomized trial: (1) preterm labor without pPROM (n = 21), (2) term labor (n = 65), (3) term PROM (n = 21), and (4) term cesarean section (n = 27). The cases and controls were scored for 40 histologic features by pathologists blinded to the identity of each sample (case or control). pPROM histology of samples from patients receiving antibiotics and those receiving placebo was compared using a chi-squared test and with control groups using logistic regression. There were no histological differences between pPROM cases treated with antibiotic and those receiving placebo, nor with respect to duration of membrane rupture greater or less than 48 h. Concordance among pathologists was low for features other than acute inflammation. Logistic regression analysis controlled for race and pathologist, and demonstrated that all of the control groups had significantly fewer common markers of acute inflammation when compared with the pPROM cases. This study suggests that histopathologic evidence of infection is seen more frequently with pPROM than in preterm or term controls. The histologic features used in this study cannot be used to determine the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.

Abstract: Early postoperative syndrome in oncological patients is accompanied by a pronounced increase of plasma β-endorphin irrespectively on the type of surgery. By contrast, chronic pain syndrome in incurable patients is characterized by a decrease of β-endorphin in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. In patients with early postoperative syndrome, efficient epidural morphine analgesia and central epidural electrical neurostimulation reduce plasma β-endorphin. By contrast, in incurable patients with chronic pain syndrome, the content of β-endorphin in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid increases under the effect of efficient spinal morphine analgesia (epidural or subarachnoidal). Changes in the plasma content of β-endorphin directly depend on the type of pain syndrome, its intensity, and efficiency of analgesia, and may serve as a criterion of analgesia.

This study developed a set of histologic features that will allow subclassification of placentas with preterm premature rupture of membranes. Placentas were obtained from patients participating in a multi-institutional NICHD Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit Network study of antimicrobial therapy after preterm premature rupture of membranes. The rupture site was sampled by inking the open sac margin and rolling a membrane strip in four quadrants from the ink to the placental margin. Independently, four pathologists used a provisional feature list to score the slides from 15 placentas. A concordance analysis was performed on those results. With those results, the slides were reviewed concurrently to discover the source of disagreements and to revise the feature list. The sampling method frequently demonstrated a rupture site with histology distinct from that of the remainder of the membranes. After review of the preliminary scoring results, 29 features of membrane histology present in preterm premature rupture could be objectively described with agreement among four pathologists. The feature list allows both novel and commonly recognized histologic features of fetal membranes to be recorded with objectivity. This list, with the described sampling technique, is presented as a tool for clinical correlation in studies of membrane rupture, especially in preterm, premature rupture.

1.Alloy 30NKhTYuD may contain four phases: the \gg solid solution, \gg\t' phase \3- Ni3(Al, Ti), the Cr\ga phase, and titanium carbide (TiC).The composition and quantity of the ?, ?', and Cra phases depend to a considerable extent on the heat treatment. The TiC is primary carbide, the composition and quantity not changing with heat treatment.2.The largest amounts of \gg\t' and Cr\ga phases are formed during aging at 700–800\dg. The composition of the \gg\t' and Cr\ga phases changes negligibly in the process of heat treatment. The composition of the solid solution undergoes greater changes.3.The high hardness, wear resistance, and contact fatigue strength of the alloy are the result of complex hardening in the process of aging due to the precipitation of \gg\t' and Cr\ga phases.4.The optimal heat treatment for alloy 30NKhTYuD is water quenching from 1150\dg and aging at 750\dg for 4–10 h.5.The high concentrations of chronium and aluminum are responsible for the high scale resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy in operation under various climatic conditions.

A new plant growth regulator — an inhibitor of the germination of mustard seeds — has been isolated from a culture filtrate of a phytopathogenic fungus of the genusPhoma. The methyl and trimethylsilyl derivatives of this compound have been obtained. Its empirical formula — C16H22O5 — has been determined. On the basis of the results of IR and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, the compound isolated has been assigned the structure of 3,5-dihydroxy-2-octanoylphenylacetic acid.

The synthesis and reactions of four groups of conjugated sulfur-containing compounds; i.e. 1-nitro-2(4)-thioethenes (and -dienes) and 1-nitro-2(4)-sulfonylethenes (and -dienes), which have become known in recent years, are discussed. Nitrothioethenes may be obtained by elimination reactions of nitrothioketals (synthesised from α-nitro ketones) and nitrohalothioethanes (synthesized from α-nitro-β-acetoxyethanes), as well as by halogen or nitro group displacement by a thio group in 1-nitro-2-halo- or 1,2-dinitroethenes. The last method was used for nitrothiodiene preparation from dinitrodienes. The stereochemistry of the thiylation of conjugated dinitro compounds is described. Nitrosulfonylethenes and -dienes can be obtained by oxidation of the corresponding nitro sulfides as well as by nitrovinylation of arenesulfinates with dinitroethenes and -dienes. Two-electron oxidation of 1-nitro-2-sulfonylethane dianions is suitable for the preparation of 1-nitro-2-sulfonylethenes. Nucleophilic displacement of the sulfur-containing group in nitrothio(sulfonyl)ethenes by amines, alkoxide and thiolate ions as well as Diels-Alder reactions are described. The spectral data (1H NMR, IR, UV) of the compounds mentioned are discussed.

1.The method of recording the appearance of cracks on the specimen surface was employed for obtaining data on the thermal shock resistance of WC-Co alloys containing 1–30 wt.% cobalt.2.The thermal shock resistance of high-cobalt hard alloys with 20–30 wt.% cobalt was studied by determining the change in their bending strength.3.Differences in the influence of chromium, molybdenum, and titanium on the thermal shock resistance of the alloy with 25 wt.% cobalt are demonstrated.4.Tentative conclusions are drawn regarding the mechanism by which WC-Co alloys withstand thermal shocks.

1.The alloying of WC-TiC-Co alloys with tantalum carbide increases their bending strength (at moderated temperatures), hardness (at high temperatures), thermal cycling resistance, and oxidation resistance.2.It is shown that, in the brittle fracture region of WC-TiC-TaC-Co alloys, the relationship between bending strength and volumetric cobalt content is quite accurately described by the equation s2=AEC, where s is bending strength, E is the modulus of elasticity, C is cobalt content, and A is a constant. Observations under the microscope have confirmed that the rupture crack is propagated through the cementing phase (and along phase boundaries), and avoids the carbide grains.3.It is shown that, when tantalum carbide is added to WC-TiC-Co alloys, the composition of the cementing phase undergoes a marked change, which alone may be sufficient for increasing the strength of both this phase and the alloys. The latter may also be promoted by the improved wetting of the carbide crystals by the molten cementing phase during sintering.

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ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.