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Reducing child mortality is a Sustainable Development Goal, and climate change constitutes numerous challenges for Africa. Previous research has shown an association between leading causes of child mortality and climate change. However, few studies have examined these effects in detail. We aimed to explore the effects of ambient heat on neonate, post-neonate, and child mortality rates.

Der Klimawandel hat negative Auswirkungen auf unser Leben, die Gesellschaft und unsere Gesundheit, wobei die Schwächsten unter uns unverhältnismäßig stark betroffen sind. In diesem Beitrag werden die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels mit Fokus auf die Lungengesundheit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es 4 Hauptauswirkungen gibt: Luftverschmutzung, Aeroallergene (Pollen und Schimmelpilze), extreme Hitze und Kälte und Extremwetterereignisse, wie z. B. Überschwemmungen. Diese werden jedes Jahr schlimmer und betreffen außerdem eine immer größere Gruppe an Menschen. Zweitens werden Beispiele für Fälle von bestehender und zunehmender sozialer und gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit und Ungerechtigkeit im Zusammenhang mit dem Klimawandel und seinen Folgen erläutert mit einem Fokus auf die Lungengesundheit. Drittens geben wir einen Überblick über transformative Veränderungen und soziale Gerechtigkeit, um Wege zur Lösung der Klimakrise aufzuzeigen.

•Mobility as a Service (Maas) is transforming urban mobility worldwide but is mostly investigated in North America.•Two- and three-wheeler ride sharing systems coupled with information and communication technologies (ICT) are radically changing the mobility landscape in Asian cities.•Here we use a survey of more than 300 users to investigate a motorcycle taxi system, called online ojek, that is dominating the Indonesian ride-sharing market, and focus on the Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital and the second most populous area in the world.•We find that the market is segmented into users belonging to the three different socio-economic groups, all of which switch modes towards motorcycle taxi.•In average, mode switch towards online ojek hardly improves the carbon footprint. Further induced demand is likely to increase greenhouse gas emissions.

Carbon mitigation efforts often focus on the world’s poorest people, dealing with topics such as food and energy security, and increased emissions potential from projected population, income and consumption growth. However, more policies are needed that target people at the opposite end of the social ladder — the super-rich.

The European Green Deal has been designed to make the European Union the world's first carbon-neutral union by 2050. Changing to fossil fuel-free energy systems is a priority for European Member States. A highly discussed and challenging topic is the phase-out of lignite, which is causing drastic changes on the ground. The European Commission has introduced the Just Transition Mechanism, an instrument designed to help ensure that the transition is fair and socially just. However, what fair and just truly means for citizens in affected regions remains unresolved. Thus, this study was conducted to ask how the policy package is perceived by stakeholders in the lignite regions of Lusatia (Germany), Eastern Greater Poland (Poland), and Gorj (Romania). We applied a qualitative research design conducting 91 semi-structured interviews which were focused on exploring different dimensions of justice, namely procedural, distributional, restorative and recognition justice. Our results show that most interviewees perceive the ongoing transition as unfair. Among the greatest challenges faced are the needs to holistically involve all stakeholders in the process and to implement their needs and demands. Major difficulties are obtaining the necessary funding and spreading the benefits to all stakeholders, as well as dealing with socio-demographic pressures, geographic isolation, or poverty. Especially the creation of a new identity and a shared vision for the post-mining era, i.e., one that is not only based on technical innovation, is lacking. The findings show that the Just Transition Mechanism does not sufficiently address its objectives to achieve justice, and major shortcomings need to be tackled by the national and regional decision-makers.

This paper employs laboratory and framed field experiments to investigate factors influencing the behavior of irrigation users, with an emphasis on the effects of exogenously and endogenously designed allocation rules. The experiments were conducted with 36 groups of farmers and students from China, India and Vietnam. The results show that physically asymmetric access to water as a resource creates an asymmetric distribution of investments, harvests and revenues that favors upstream users. Exogenously designed allocation rules appear able to equalize the distribution of revenue between upstream and downstream users, but are also likely to reduce the volume of investment and generated revenue. Meanwhile, communication between irrigation users with the possibility of endogenously designed rules appears to have a stronger equalizing effect on asymmetric resource access but also increases overall investment, which then increases water availability in a hypothetical irrigation channel. This suggests that promoting participation of irrigation users in designing rules for water distribution, water use monitoring and sanctioning might improve the performance of irrigation systems.