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The genus BarretonusRoudier, 1958 is a genus endemic to Macaronesia, described from the archipelago of Madeira where four species are known to date. In this study, two new species of Barretonus, B. auaritaGarcía & Oromí sp. nov. (from La Palma, Canary Islands) and B. dauteGarcía & Andújar sp. nov. (from Tenerife, Canary Islands), are described based on morphological and molecular evidence (mtCOI), and additional notes on their biology and ecology are provided. Morphology of the new species is compared with the other representatives of the genus, and their phylogenetic relationships with a Barretonusrepresentative from Madeira and species from additional genera within the Cossoninae are shown. This work increases the number of species of the genus Barretonusfrom four to six anophthalmous or microphthalmous species with an endogean lifestyle, and incorporates the Canary Islands into its Macaronesian range of distribution.

SummaryWing polymorphism has been reported for several carabid beetles. Traditionally, a great number of ecological and evolutionary studies have focused on this peculiarity, which has implications on dispersal power. Research based on Orthomus berytensisspecimens from two sampling areas of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) has shown that this species exhibits a wing dimorphism, instead of being brachypterous. This makes O. berytensisthe first Orthomuswing dimorphic species to date. Statistical differences in macropterous percentage between both sexes and localities were found. Also, a sexual dimorphism in elytra length and width was found, both being higher in females.

The genus TarphiusErichson (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) is represented by 29 species on the Canary Islands. The majority are rare, single–island endemics intimately associated with the monteverde (laurel forest and fayal–brezal). The Tarphius canariensiscomplex is by far the most abundant and geographically widespread, occurring on Gran Canaria, Tenerife and La Palma. Eighty–seven individuals from the T. canariensiscomplex were sequenced for 444 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI), 597 bp of the COII gene and the intervening tRNAleugene. A neighbour–joining analysis of maximum–likelihood distances put La Palma as a single monophyletic clade of haplotypes occurring within a larger clade comprising all Tenerife haplotypes. Gran Canarian haplotypes were also monophyletic occurring on a separate lineage. Using a combination of the phylogeographic pattern for T. canariensis, geological data, biogeography of the remaining species and estimated divergence times, we proposed a Tenerifean origin in the old Teno massif and independent colonizations from here to northeastern Tenerife (Anaga), Gran Canaria and La Palma. New methods of estimating diversification rates using branching times were applied to each island fauna. All islands exhibited a gradually decreasing rate of genetic diversification similar to that seen for Brachyderes rugatus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from the Canary Islands.