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One form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young, MODY3, is characterized by a severe insulin secretory defect, compared with MODY2, a glucokinase-deficient diabetes. It has recently been shown that mutations [...]

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of NIDDM characterized by an early age of onset, often in childhood or adolescence and usually [is less than] 25 [...]

To understand the molecular processes of continuous vasospasm of cerebral arteries after subarachnoid hemorrhage, mRNA differential display and screening of cDNA expression array were performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed in vasospastic arteries of canine two-hemorrhage models. The expression levels of 18 genes were found to be upregulated, and those of two genes to be down-regulated. Of these, 12 represent known genes or homologues of genes characterized previously, and the other eight genes are not related to any sequences in the databases. The known genes include five upregulated inflammation-related genes encoding monocyte chemotactic protein-1, cystatin B, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor family heavy chain-related protein, serum amyloid A protein, and glycoprotein 130, suggesting that inflammatory reaction may be involved in the development of cerebral vasospasm. The upregulation of three known genes encoding stress-related proteins of vascular endothelial growth factor, BiP protein, and growth-arrest and DNA-damage–inducible protein may be involved in possible cell survival in the damaged arteries. A full-length cDNA for the unknown clone DVS 27, whose expression was most highly upregulated, was isolated from the cerebral artery cDNA library by hybridization. Characterization of these genes should help to clarify the molecular mechanism of continuous cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The anisotropy of the ion distribution function in the velocity space is observed in the ion cyclotron range of frequency heating experiments on the tandem mirror GAMMA 10. The anisotropy, defined as T?/T//(ratio of ion temperatures perpendicular and parallel to the magnetic field line), is evaluated quantitatively using three diamagnetic loops aligned in the direction of the magnetic field line. Depending on the anisotropy and the plasma pressure, fluctuations below the ion cyclotron frequency are excited. In terms of the quantitative estimation of the anisotropy, it is established clear that the parameter region in which the fluctuations are observed agrees well with a theoretically predicted region of the convectively unstable Alfvén ion cyclotron mode.