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The incorporation of functional molecules into the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been extensively studied for its role in immobilization, stabilization, manipulation of the molecular configuration, and the release from the host. To create dramatically enhanced properties and achieve unexpectedly high performances, it is necessary to incorporate multi‐guests as well as control the guest‐guest interaction. In the present review, we have summarized the multi‐guest incorporation into LDH based on the supramolecular chemistry, which provides insights into non‐covalent molecular interaction through host‐guest chemistry. Four well‐known intercalation methods in LDH, that is, coprecipitation, ion exchange, reconstruction, and exfoliation‐reassembly, are generally applied to multi‐guest intercalation. Combinative methods, in which two different intercalation approaches are combined, are also summarized. The multi‐guest incorporation, despite the difficulty involved in its synthesis design, could provide fine‐tuned and enhanced properties that are useful for a variety of applications. The immobilization of multi‐guest in the interlayer space of LDH has been widely studied for their synergetic performances via guest‐guest interaction. In this review, we have summarized the supramolecular chemistry providing rationales to control guest‐guest interaction and to select an appropriate synthetic method. This study will provide strategies to enhance properties of materials that are useful for a variety of applications.

In this paper, the certain relation between threshold voltage and flat‐band voltage to improve the image sticking for AMOLED display was investigated. Flat band state generally refers to a state in which the energy bands of each region in an ideal MOSFET system are flattened. However, it is requiring an additional voltage to flatten the energy band for actual MOS systems due to the difference in metal and semiconductor work function, which is called the flat‐band voltage. It is investigated that this flat‐band voltage is strongly linked to the short‐term image sticking.

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is becoming more prevalent in an ageing population, leading to challenges in diagnosis and management. This two-part Series offers a comprehensive review of changing concepts in VHD, covering diagnosis, intervention timing, novel management strategies, and the current state of research. The first paper highlights the remarkable progress made in imaging and transcatheter techniques, effectively addressing the treatment paradox wherein populations at the highest risk of VHD often receive the least treatment. These advances have attracted the attention of clinicians, researchers, engineers, device manufacturers, and investors, leading to the exploration and proposal of treatment approaches grounded in pathophysiology and multidisciplinary strategies for VHD management. This Series paper focuses on innovations involving computational, pharmacological, and bioengineering approaches that are transforming the diagnosis and management of patients with VHD. Artificial intelligence and digital methods are enhancing screening, diagnosis, and planning procedures, and the integration of imaging and clinical data is improving the classification of VHD severity. The emergence of artificial intelligence techniques, including so-called digital twins—eg, computer-generated replicas of the heart—is aiding the development of new strategies for enhanced risk stratification, prognostication, and individualised therapeutic targeting. Various new molecular targets and novel pharmacological strategies are being developed, including multiomics—ie, analytical methods used to integrate complex biological big data to find novel pathways to halt the progression of VHD. In addition, efforts have been undertaken to engineer heart valve tissue and provide a living valve conduit capable of growth and biological integration. Overall, these advances emphasise the importance of early detection, personalised management, and cutting-edge interventions to optimise outcomes amid the evolving landscape of VHD. Although several challenges must be overcome, these breakthroughs represent opportunities to advance patient-centred investigations.

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether three formate salt additives [(Ca(HCOO).sub.2], NaHCOO, and KHCOO) could improve the strength of a CaO-activated fly ash (FA) system. Various tests were conducted to verify the [...]

The U.S. Global Change Research Program, Fourth National Climate Assessment reports that it is extremely likely that human activities, especially emissions of greenhouse gases, are the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. There are no convincing alternative explanations supported by observational evidence.

We discuss various aspects of anisotropic gravity in (d+D)-dimensional spacetime, where Ddimensions are treated as extra dimensions. It is based on the foliation preserving diffeomorphism invariance and anisotropic conformal invariance. The anisotropy is embodied by introducing a factor zwhich discriminates the scaling degree of the extra Ddimensions against the d-dimensional base spacetime and Weyl scalar field which mediates the anisotropic scaling symmetry. There is no intrinsic scale but a physical scale M∗emerges as a consequence of spontaneous conformal symmetry breaking. We discuss interesting lower dimensional gravity theories obtained from our model. In a (d,D)=(2,2)case, we suggest a UV-complete unitary quantum gravity which might become Einstein gravity in IR. In a certain (2,1) case, we obtain CGHS model. Some vacuum solutions are also obtained and we discuss an issue of ‘size separation’ between the base spacetime and the extra dimensions. The size separation means large distinction between the scales (e.g. cosmological constant) appearing in the base spacetime and the extra dimensions respectively.

Distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) is to control switches to reduce system losses, alleviate overloads, and mitigate voltage fluctuations. DNR is challenging due to nonlinear power flow equations and the inclusion of integer variables representing switch states. Besides, radial distribution networks require a forest structure, imposing a challenging constraint on the switch state variables. Genetic algorithm is one of the commonly used methods to solve the problem. However, to derive radial solutions, it is necessary to either continue iterating until a radial solution emerges or apply slow and complex encoding techniques that compromise the similarity between chromosomes and real topologies. In this study, we introduce a k-nearest neighbors (kNN) structure that replaces the original chromosome with the best-performing radial topology closest to the chromosome based on the L1 norm, creating a population consisting of radial solutions at each iteration. We also propose a graph-based method to find the nearest neighbor. By utilizing the proposed kNN structure, radiality can be guaranteed with simple encoding. The proposed method has been tested on two test feeders including both balanced and unbalanced networks. The results demonstrate that our approach consistently yields superior performance gains, effectively showcasing the advantages of integrating the kNN structure into the genetic algorithm framework.

The development of nanoparticles incorporating Gd3+has attracted interest in the field of contrasting nanomedicine for magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT). In order to achieve an effective contrasting performance, the amount and stability of Gd incorporated as well as particle-size control of the nanoparticles should be considered simultaneously. In the current study, Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate(Gd-DTPA) was incorporated into layered double hydroxide (LDH) to meet the physicochemical properties required for MR-CT dual contrasting nanomedicine. Strategically, the particle size and nanometer incorporation of Gd-DTPA into LDH (GL-R hybrid) were controlled homogeneously using the reverse micelle method. X-ray diffraction showed that the hybrid obtained possessed a hydrotalcite phase. Dynamic light scattering and electron microscopic analyses showed that the hybrid had a controlled size of <200 nm with significant homogeneity. Fast Fourier-transform of transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the platelets of the GL-R hybrids were oriented randomly to form inter-particle space, enabling the Gd-DTPA moiety to be encapsulated stably. The encapsulation efficiency of Gd-DTPA was 20.8%, which was sufficiently high compared with other Gd-DTPA-incorporatedLDH. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Gd-DTPA incorporated in the hybrid preserved its structure intact. Its potential as a dual modal contrast agent was demonstrated by measuring the concentration-dependent Hounsfield unit and magnetic resonance relaxivity, which were determined to be 230 at 2 mg/mL and 5.8 in the range ~0.2–1 mM-Gd, respectively.

ObjectivesLipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is associated with an increased incidence of native aortic stenosis, which shares similar pathological mechanisms with bioprosthetic aortic valve (bAV) degeneration. However, evidence regarding the role of Lp(a) concentrations in bAV degeneration is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the association between Lp(a) concentrations and bAV degeneration.MethodsIn this retrospective multicentre study, patients who underwent a bAV replacement between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020 and had a Lp(a) measurement were included. Echocardiography follow-up was performed to determine the presence of bioprosthetic valve degeneration, which was defined as an increase >10 mm Hg in mean gradient from baseline with concomitant decrease in effective orifice area and Doppler Velocity Index, or new moderate/severe prosthetic regurgitation. Levels of Lp(a) were compared between patients with and without degeneration and Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between Lp(a) levels and bioprosthetic valve degeneration.ResultsIn total, 210 cases were included (mean age 74.1±9.4 years, 72.4% males). Median time between baseline and follow-up echocardiography was 4.4 (IQR 3.7) years. Bioprostheses degeneration was observed in 33 (15.7%) patients at follow-up. Median serum levels of Lp(a) were significantly higher in patients affected by degeneration versus non-affected cases: 50.0 (IQR 72.0) vs 15.6 (IQR 48.6) mg/dL, p=0.002. In the regression analysis, high Lp(a) levels (≥30 mg/dL) were associated with degeneration both in a univariable analysis (HR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7 to 7.6, p=0.001) and multivariable analysis adjusted by other risk factors for bioprostheses degeneration (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.9 to 10.4, p=0.001).ConclusionsHigh serum Lp(a) is associated with bAV degeneration. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate whether lowering Lp(a) levels could slow bioprostheses degradation.

Holographic model of massive scalar field with its self-interaction λϕnin AdS space is able to give a logarithmic scale dependence to marginal multi-trace deformation couplings on its dual conformal field theory, where λis the self-interaction coupling of the scalar field, ϕ, and nis an integral number. In arXiv:1501.06664, the authors realize this feature by looking at bulk scalar solutions near AdS boundary imposing a specific boundary condition between the coefficients of non-normalizable and normalizable modes of the scalar field excitations. We study the same holographic model to see scale dependence of marginal deformations on the dual conformal field theory by employing completely different method: holographic Wilsonian renormalization group. We solve Hamilton–Jacobi equation derived from the holographic model of massive scalar with λϕninteraction and obtain the solution of marginal multi-trace deformations up to the leading order in λ. It turns out that the solution of marginal multi-trace deformation also presents logarithmic behavior in energy scale near UV region.

ABSTRACTThis study reports the temperature-dependent strength improvement and retardation in Ca[(OH).sub.2][Na.sub.2]C[O.sub.3]-activated fly ash binders with sugar. Without sugar, the system exhibited rapid stiffening due to the calcite formation. The addition [...]

ABSTRACT This study explored the possibility of using limestone fines (LF) as a supplementary material in activated slag binder systems using two types of activators (i.e., 10 wt% of Ca[(OH).sub.2] [...]

ABSTRACT Significant variations have been reported on the temperature range of thermal decomposition of cementitious phases. Thus, this study identified temperature ranges on the phases in actual cementitious systems (portland [...]

Data on incidence, prevalence and burden of ADHD are crucial for clinicians, patients, and stakeholders. We present the incidence, prevalence, and burden of ADHD globally and across countries from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. We also: (1) calculated the ADHD prevalence based on data actually collected as opposed to the prevalence estimated by the GBD with data imputation for countries without prevalence data; (2) discussed the GBD estimated ADHD burden in the light of recent meta-analytic evidence on ADHD-related mortality. In 2019, GBD estimated global age-standardized incidence and prevalence of ADHD across the lifespan at 0.061% (95%UI = 0.040–0.087) and 1.13% (95%UI = 0.831–1.494), respectively. ADHD accounted for 0.8% of the global mental disorder DALYs, with mortality set at zero by the GBD. From 1990 to 2019 there was a decrease of −8.75% in the global age-standardized prevalence and of −4.77% in the global age-standardized incidence. The largest increase in incidence, prevalence, and burden from 1990 to 2019 was observed in the USA; the largest decrease occurred in Finland. Incidence, prevalence, and DALYs remained approximately 2.5 times higher in males than females from 1990 to 2019. Incidence peaked at age 5–9 years, and prevalence and DALYs at age 10–14 years. Our re-analysis of data prior to 2013 showed a prevalence in children/adolescents two-fold higher (5.41%, 95% CI: 4.67–6.15%) compared to the corresponding GBD estimated prevalence (2.68%, 1.83–3.72%), with no significant differences between low- and middle- and high-income countries. We also found meta-analytic evidence of significantly increased ADHD-related mortality due to unnatural causes. While it provides the most detailed evidence on temporal trends, as well as on geographic and sex variations in incidence, prevalence, and burden of ADHD, the GBD may have underestimated the ADHD prevalence and burden. Given the influence of the GBD on research and policies, methodological issues should be addressed in its future editions.

To study the usefulness of a novel echocardiographic marker, augmented mean arterial pressure (AugMAP = [(mean aortic valve gradient + systolic blood pressure) + (2 × diastolic blood pressure)] / 3), in identifying high-risk patients with moderate aortic stenosis (AS).

• Interfacial engineering of 2D monometallic phosphides for supercapattery. • Synergistic properties of nanocomposite improve charge transport properties. • Nanocomposite electrodes showed a high areal capacity of 1.96 C cm–2. • Supercapattery delivers high specific energy and prolonged cyclic stability. Interfacial engineering of two-dimensional (2D) monometallic phosphides enables remarkable structural and electrochemical properties in energy storage devices. Herein, 2D nanosheets (NSs) of FeP 2 /Co 2 P were grown on Ni-foam (FCP) using a solution-based and phosphorization approach to be used as freestanding for high-performance energy storage devices. An effective phosphorization strategy is successfully developed to improve the overall crystalline phase, tailor the morphology, and boost the electrochemical performances of electrodes. The FCP NSs electrode exhibits a battery-type redox behavior with a maximum high areal capacity of 1.96 C cm–2 at 4 mA cm–2 in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte compared to the other counterparts. The superior electrochemical performance was achieved by increasing the electroactive sites and high conductivity via surface tailoring and fast redox reactions. Moreover, a supercapattery was assembled utilizing FCP and activated carbon (AC) electrodes and it revealed maximum specific energy (E s) and specific power (P s) of 41.2 Wh kg–1 and 7578 W kg–1 with good cycling stability of 91% after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g–1. Eventually, the supercapattery has been explored in practical applications by lighting up light-emitting diodes (LEDs), representing the real-time performance of superior energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superficial venous disease has a U.S. prevalence of nearly 30%, with advanced disease contributing to a significant healthcare burden. Although the risk factors for venous disease are well known, the correlation between race, sex, socioeconomic status, and disease severity on presentation is not well established. The area deprivation index (ADI) is a validated metric with respect to regional geography, social determinants of health, and degree of socioeconomic disadvantage. In the present study, we aimed to identify the disparities and the effect that the ADI, in addition to race and sex, has among patients associated with an advanced venous disease presentation.

Nonthermal endovenous closure techniques are routinely utilized to treat superficial axial venous reflux. Cyanoacrylate closure is a safe and effective modality implemented for truncal closure. However, an adverse reaction of type IV hypersensitivity (T4H), unique to cyanoacrylate, is a known risk. This study aims to evaluate the real-world incidence of T4H and examine risk factors that may predispose its development.

ABSTRACT Reducing the specific gravity (SG) of structural binder pastes is one possible way to prevent material segregation between binder paste and lightweight aggregates, which often occurs in producing lightweight [...]

ABSTRACT This paper explored the effectiveness of red mud and a mixture powder of Ca[(OH).sub.2] (=C), [Na.sub.2]C[O.sub.3] (=N), and fly ash (=F) (denoted CNF powder) as precursor materials to produce [...]

ABSTRACT Sulfur polymer concrete (SPC) is a thermoplastic composite that is generally composed of modified sulfur polymer binder and aggregate. This study proposed a new approach for developing sustainable sulfur [...]

Porous adsorbent (PA) with high specific surface area and calcite surface was prepared from an industrial waste, electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EOS). As the EOS is composed of silica and metal oxide nanoparticle like CaO, MgO, and so on, the metal oxide parts were selectively dissolved by acid treatment. The remained silica part exhibited porous structure due to the assembly of nanoparticles. Then, calcite was developed on the silica surface by simply titrating the silica framework with carbonate under basic condition. According to the x‐ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy, we could hypothesize that the EOS had dense texture of amorphous nanoparticles. On the other hand, the PA had well‐crystallized calcite particles with sufficient interparticle pores. The zeta potential of EOS shifted to positive region upon transformation to PA, possibly due to the change in surface‐exposed moiety from silica to calcite. The albumin adsorption profiled exhibited that the PA had very high protein adsorption capacity up to 3.33 mg‐protein/mg‐adsorbent at 5 mg/L of protein concentration, while the EOS itself did not show meaningful adsorption. Porous adsorbent (PA) was prepared from electric arc furnace oxidizing slag (EOS) that composed of silica and metal oxide nanoparticles. EOS is treated with acid to dissolve the metal oxide and resulted in porous silica. To grow calcite on the surface of, it is titrated with base having carbonate. The surface changed from silica to porous calcite showed by shifting the curve toward positive region. PA was applied for albumin adsorption and resulted into high adsorption capacity of 3 mg‐protein/mg‐adsorbent.

ABSTRACT Stone powder sludge is a waste by-product that is annually produced more than 7.5 million tons from the manufacturing process of crushed aggregates in Korea. This study investigated the [...]

ABSTRACT Ternary combinations of Portland cement, GGBFS, and fly ash with a typical weight ratio of 4:4:2, respectively, have been widely used for concrete production in South Korea. Recently, to [...]

Engineering vanadium-based materials with high conductivity, superior redox performance, and high operating voltage has attracted widespread attention in energy storage devices. Herein, we demonstrated a simple and feasible phosphorization technique to design three-dimensional (3D) network-like vanadyl pyrophosphate ((VO)2P2O7) nanowires on flexible carbon cloth (CC) (VP-CC). The phosphorization process enabled the VP-CC to increase the electronic conductivity, and the interconnected nano-network of VP-CC opens pathways for fast charge storage during the energy storage processes. Specifically, the 3D VP-CC electrodes and LiClO4electrolyte designed as a Li-ion supercapacitor (LSC) demonstrate a maximum operating window of 2.0 V with a superior energy density (Ed) of 96 μWh cm–2, power density (Pd) of 10,028 μW cm–2, and outstanding cycling retention (98%) even after 10,000 cycles. In addition, a flexible LSC assembled utilizing VP-CC electrodes with a PVA/Li-based solid-state gel electrolyte exhibits a high capacitance value of 137 mF cm–2and excellent cycling durability (86%) with a high Edof 27 μWh cm–2and Pdof 7237 μW cm–2. Considering excellent energy storage features, the highly conductive vanadium-based material has been utilized as an ideal electrode for various flexible/wearable energy storage devices with superior performance.

Background: Self-expanding metallic stenting (SEMS) is usual for the temporary resolution of obstructive left-sided colorectal cancer (CRC) as a bridge to elective surgery. However, there is no consensus regarding adequate time intervals from stenting to radical surgery. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal time interval that results in favorable short- and long-term outcomes. Methods: Data on patients with obstructive left-sided CRC who underwent elective radical surgery after clinically successful SEMS deployment in five tertiary referral hospitals from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed, retrospectively. An inverse probability treatment-weighted propensity score analysis was used to minimize bias. Postoperative short- and long-term outcomes were compared between two groups: an early surgery (within 8 days) group and delayed surgery (after 8 days) group. Results: Of 311 patients, 148 (47.6%) underwent early and 163 (52.4%) underwent delayed surgery. The median surgery interval was 9.0 days. After adjustment, the groups had similar patient and tumor characteristics. In terms of short-term outcomes, there was no difference in hospitalization length or postoperative complications. No deaths were observed. With a median follow-up of 71.0 months, no significant difference was observed between the groups in 5-year overall survival (early vs. delayed surgery: 79.6% vs. 71.3%, P= 0.370) and 5-year disease-free survival (early vs. delayed surgery: 59.1% vs. 60.4%, P= 0.970). Conclusions: In obstructive left-sided CRC, the time interval between SEMS and radical surgery did not significantly influence short- and long-term outcomes. Therefore, early surgery after SEMS could be suggested if there is no reason to postpone surgery for preoperative medical optimization.

ABSTRACTThis study is aimed to review the genus SpulerinaVári, (1961) of the family Gracillariidae from Korea, in which seven species are known. Among them, one species, Spulerina coreanasp. nov., is described as new to science. Also, two species, S. parthenocissiKumata & Kuroko, 1988, and S. virgulataKumata & Kuroko, 1988, are reported for the first time from Korea. All available information for the species including their bibliographies, known host plants, and distributional data are provided. Adults and genitalia of all presented species are briefly redescribed and illustrated.

In this study, the design and driving performance evaluation of a driving system for driving on deformable terrain was performed using terramechanics theory and multi-body dynamics simulation. For the design of the driving system, the mechanical interaction of track-terrain was analyzed using a Bekker-based model. Based on the analyzed results, the design of a track suitable for the deformable terrain to be driven and selection of a power source (engine, transmission, etc.) were carried out. A multi-body simulation model of the tracked vehicle reflecting the designed track and the selected power source was developed, and a ground model reflecting the mechanical property of terrain was also developed to analyze the mechanical interaction of the track-terrain through simulation. In addition, each link constituting the track was modeled as a 6 DOF spring/damper system to consider the track's tension force and load distribution under the track, and through this, different ground pressure and soil thrust were applied according to the motion state of each link. Finally, driving performance analyses were performed using the developed tracked vehicle, and as a result, it was confirmed that the driving requirements of the tracked vehicle were satisfied.

ABSTRACT This study presents the preliminary investigation for the microstructural characteristics of the alkali-activated fly ashes, synthesized using six different Korean Class F fly ashes, to address the large mechanical [...]

While development of a sodium-ion battery (SIB) cathode has been approached by various routes, research on compatible anodes for advanced SIB systems has not been sufficiently addressed. The anode materials based on titanium oxide typically show low electrical performances in SIB systems primarily due to their low electrical/ionic conductivity. Thus, in this work, layered titanium oxides were hybridized with covalent organic nanosheets (CONs), which exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, to be used as anodes in SIBs. Moreover, to enlarge the accessible areas for sodium ions, the morphology of the hybrid was formulated in the form of a hollow sphere (HS), leading to the highly enhanced ionic conductivity. This synthesis method was based on the expectation of synergetic effects since titanium oxide provides direct electrostatic sodiation sites that shield organic components and CON supports high electrical and ionic conductivity with polarizable sodiation sites. Therefore, the hybrid shows enhanced and stable electrochemical performances as an anode for up to 2600 charge/discharge cycles compared to the HS without CONs. Furthermore, the best reversible capacities obtained from the hybrid were 426.2 and 108.5 mAh/g at current densities of 100 and 6000 mA/g, which are noteworthy results for the TiO2-based material.

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) with characteristic two‐dimensional structure and positive layer charge has attracted attention in a wide range of applications in recent years. Although LDH with a layer‐by‐layer structure has high applicability as a catalyst, adsorbent, drug reservoir, and so on, it has been suggested that the single‐layered LDH nanosheets not only enhance the performance but also expand the application in electrocatalyst, batteries, and supercapacitors due to the increased active sites in nanosheets. In this review, we introduced state of the art in the synthesis of LDH nanosheets in terms of synthesis approaches, mechanisms, and properties of thus obtained LDH nanosheets. The synthesis approaches are primarily categorized into two parts, namely, top‐down synthesis to delaminate bulk LDH and bottom‐up synthesis to obtain single‐layer LDH in limited space. In the first section, the exfoliation of LDH, which was realized by weakening the layer‐by‐layer stacking and by increasing the basal distance, was summarized mainly based on the swelling mechanism. In the second section, the bottom‐up syntheses of LDH nanosheets through controlled crystal growth in confined space or restricted synthetic conditions are introduced. Nanosheets of layered double hydroxides (LDH) can be either prepared by top‐down exfoliation or bottom‐up synthesis under restricted crystal growth condition. For exfoliation, swelling with solvent species can be facilitated with an appropriate intercalation; bottom‐up synthesis utilized confined reaction spaces to limit the layer stacking along c‐axis.

IMPORTANCE: The frequency and clinical importance of structural valve deterioration (SVD) in patients undergoing self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) or surgery is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the 5-year incidence, clinical outcomes, and predictors of hemodynamic SVD in patients undergoing self-expanding TAVI or surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This post hoc analysis pooled data from the CoreValve US High Risk Pivotal (n = 615) and SURTAVI (n = 1484) randomized clinical trials (RCTs); it was supplemented by the CoreValve Extreme Risk Pivotal trial (n = 485) and CoreValve Continued Access Study (n = 2178). Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis deemed to be at intermediate or increased risk of 30-day surgical mortality were included. Data were collected from December 2010 to June 2016, and data were analyzed from December 2021 to October 2022. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to self-expanding TAVI or surgery in the RCTs or underwent self-expanding TAVI for clinical indications in the nonrandomized studies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was the incidence of SVD through 5 years (from the RCTs). Factors associated with SVD and its association with clinical outcomes were evaluated for the pooled RCT and non-RCT population. SVD was defined as (1) an increase in mean gradient of 10 mm Hg or greater from discharge or at 30 days to last echocardiography with a final mean gradient of 20 mm Hg or greater or (2) new-onset moderate or severe intraprosthetic aortic regurgitation or an increase of 1 grade or more. RESULTS: Of 4762 included patients, 2605 (54.7%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 82.1 (7.4) years. A total of 2099 RCT patients, including 1128 who received TAVI and 971 who received surgery, and 2663 non-RCT patients who received TAVI were included. The cumulative incidence of SVD treating death as a competing risk was lower in patients undergoing TAVI than surgery (TAVI, 2.20%; surgery, 4.38%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27-0.78; P = .004). This lower risk was most pronounced in patients with smaller annuli (23 mm diameter or smaller; TAVI, 1.32%; surgery, 5.84%; HR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.06-0.73; P = .02). SVD was associated with increased 5-year all-cause mortality (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.46-2.82; P &lt; .001), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.20-2.90; P = .006), and valve disease or worsening heart failure hospitalizations (HR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.23-3.84; P = .008). Predictors of SVD were developed from multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study found a lower rate of SVD in patients undergoing self-expanding TAVI vs surgery at 5 years. Doppler echocardiography was a valuable tool to detect SVD, which was associated with worse clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT01240902, NCT01586910, and NCT01531374

In this paper, we explore the relationship between holographic Wilsonian renormalization groups and stochastic quantization in conformally coupled scalar theory in AdS4. The relationship between these two different frameworks is first proposed in arXiv:1209.2242and tested in various free theories. However, research on the theory with interactions has recently begun. In this paper, we show that the stochastic four-point function obtained by the Langevin equation is completely captured by the holographic quadruple trace deformation when the Euclidean action SEis given by SE=-2Ioswhere Iosis the holographic on-shell action in the conformally coupled scalar theory in AdS4,together with a condition that the stochastic fictitious time tis also identified with AdS radial variable r. We extensively explore a case that the boundary condition on the conformal boundary is Dirichlet boundary condition, and in that case, the stochastic three-point function trivially vanishes. This agrees with that the holographic triple trace deformation vanishes when Dirichlet boundary condition is applied on the conformal boundary.

Graphical Abstract:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. We conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of 100,204 CRC cases and 154,587 controls of European and east Asian ancestry, identifying 205 independent risk associations, of which 50 were unreported. We performed integrative genomic, transcriptomic and methylomic analyses across large bowel mucosa and other tissues. Transcriptome- and methylome-wide association studies revealed an additional 53 risk associations. We identified 155 high-confidence effector genes functionally linked to CRC risk, many of which had no previously established role in CRC. These have multiple different functions and specifically indicate that variation in normal colorectal homeostasis, proliferation, cell adhesion, migration, immunity and microbial interactions determines CRC risk. Crosstissue analyses indicated that over a third of effector genes most probably act outside the colonic mucosa. Our findings provide insights into colorectal oncogenesis and highlight potential targets across tissues for new CRC treatment and chemoprevention strategies.

In this study, a species of the family Choreutidae; Prochoreutis delicata(Arita, 1976), is reported for the first time from Korea. Adults and genitalia structures of the newly recorded species are briefly redescribed and illustrated. Also, an annotated checklists of family in Korea is provided.

Although soft mechano-electrochemical energy harvesters have attracted considerable attention as wearable sensors, they face challenges, including low output performance, high Young’s modulus and low energy-conversion efficiency. To address these limitations, we introduce a novel design featuring macroscopically coiled and microscopically buckled fibres to improve the mechano-electrochemical energy-harvesting capability, thereby maximising capacitance change and affording higher electrical output. The harvester achieved a gravimetric peak current density of 121 A/kg and a peak power density of 16 W/kg. Moreover, the harvester showed enhanced stretchability under a strain of over 400 %, low Young’s modulus of 0.2 MPa and an energy conversion efficiency of 0.33 %. Furthermore, when implanted in a pig’s bladder, it showed minimal impact during expansion and contraction thanks to its softness and provided real-time electrical output in response to static and dynamic volume changes.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) substantially contributes to the burden of mental disorders. Improved awareness and changes in diagnostic criteria of ASD may have influenced the diagnostic rates of ASD. However, while data on trends in diagnostic rates in some individual countries have been published, updated estimates of diagnostic rate trends and ASD-related disability at the global level are lacking. Here, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study data to address this gap, focusing on changes in prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ASD across the world. From 1990 to 2019, overall age-standardized estimates remained stable globally. Both prevalence and DALYs increased in countries with high socio-demographic index (SDI). However, the age-standardized incidence decreased in some low SDI countries, indicating a need to improve awareness. The male/female ratio decreased between 1990 and 2019, possibly accounted for by increasing clinical attention to ASD in females. Our results suggest that ASD detection in low SDI countries is suboptimal, and that ASD prevention/treatment in countries with high SDI should be improved, considering the increasing prevalence of the disorder. Additionally, growing attention is being paid to ASD diagnosis in females, who might have been left behind by ASD epidemiologic and clinical research previously. ASD burden estimates are underestimated as GBD does not account for mortality in ASD.

IMPORTANCE: In patients with severe aortic valve stenosis at intermediate surgical risk, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with a self-expanding supra-annular valve was noninferior to surgery for all-cause mortality or disabling stroke at 2 years. Comparisons of longer-term clinical and hemodynamic outcomes in these patients are limited. OBJECTIVE: To report prespecified secondary 5-year outcomes from the Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis in Intermediate Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement (SURTAVI) randomized clinical trial. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: SURTAVI is a prospective randomized, unblinded clinical trial. Randomization was stratified by investigational site and need for revascularization determined by the local heart teams. Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis deemed to be at intermediate risk of 30-day surgical mortality were enrolled at 87 centers from June 19, 2012, to June 30, 2016, in Europe and North America. Analysis took place between August and October 2021. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to TAVR with a self-expanding, supra-annular transcatheter or a surgical bioprosthesis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The prespecified secondary end points of death or disabling stroke and other adverse events and hemodynamic findings at 5 years. An independent clinical event committee adjudicated all serious adverse events and an independent echocardiographic core laboratory evaluated all echocardiograms at 5 years. RESULTS: A total of 1660 individuals underwent an attempted TAVR (n = 864) or surgical (n = 796) procedure. The mean (SD) age was 79.8 (6.2) years, 724 (43.6%) were female, and the mean (SD) Society of Thoracic Surgery Predicted Risk of Mortality score was 4.5% (1.6%). At 5 years, the rates of death or disabling stroke were similar (TAVR, 31.3% vs surgery, 30.8%; hazard ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.85-1.22]; P = .85). Transprosthetic gradients remained lower (mean [SD], 8.6 [5.5] mm Hg vs 11.2 [6.0] mm Hg; P &lt; .001) and aortic valve areas were higher (mean [SD], 2.2 [0.7] cm2 vs 1.8 [0.6] cm2; P &lt; .001) with TAVR vs surgery. More patients had moderate/severe paravalvular leak with TAVR than surgery (11 [3.0%] vs 2 [0.7%]; risk difference, 2.37% [95% CI, 0.17%- 4.85%]; P = .05). New pacemaker implantation rates were higher for TAVR than surgery at 5 years (289 [39.1%] vs 94 [15.1%]; hazard ratio, 3.30 [95% CI, 2.61-4.17]; log-rank P &lt; .001), as were valve reintervention rates (27 [3.5%] vs 11 [1.9%]; hazard ratio, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.10-4.45]; log-rank P = .02), although between 2 and 5 years only 6 patients who underwent TAVR and 7 who underwent surgery required a reintervention. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among intermediate-risk patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, major clinical outcomes at 5 years were similar for TAVR and surgery. TAVR was associated with superior hemodynamic valve performance but also with more paravalvular leak and valve reinterventions.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.02.022 Byline: Sung-A Chang (a), Pyo-Won Park (b), Kiick Sung (b), Sang-Chol Lee (a), Seung Woo Park (a), Young Tak Lee (b), Jae K. Oh (a)(c) Abbreviations: AS, aortic stenosis; AVR, aortic valve replacement; E/E', Ratio between early diastolic mitral inflow and mitral annular velocity; LA, left atrial; LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative estimated left ventricular filling pressure predicts the postoperative outcome in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Author Affiliation: (a) Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (b) Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (c) Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn Article History: Received 21 July 2009; Revised 12 January 2010; Accepted 8 February 2010 Article Note: (footnote) Disclosures: None.

Graphical AbstractTransthoracic echocardiography provides mortality risk stratification in cardiac intensive care unit patients.

Background: Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is technically demanding and requires extensive training. We developed the TAMIS simulator model by remodeling an existing laparoscopic training system to educate trainees and analyzed their learning curves. Methods: Between March 2020 and June 2020, 12 trainees performed TAMIS simulator training sessions. The total operative time, including specimen removal and wound closure, was recorded. The wound closure and specimen quality, trainee self-confidence, and supervisor evaluation of technical performance were documented. A moving average was used to analyze the number of training sessions required to stabilize the procedure time, while a cumulative sum analysis was performed to identify that required to reach proficiency with each item. Results: Each trainee completed 20 TAMIS simulator training sessions. The median total procedure time was 13 min (range, 4–60 min), which stabilized after 15 training sessions. The median times for specimen removal and wound closure were 3 min (range, 1–18 min) and 10 min (range, 2–50 min), respectively, which stabilized after 7 and 15 training sessions, respectively. The mean specimen and wound closure quality scores were 2.9 ± 0.9 (on a scale from 1 to 4) and 2.3 ± 1.1 (on a scale from 1 to 4), respectively, competencies in which were achieved after 16 and 20 training sessions, respectively. The mean trainee self-confidence and supervisor evaluation of technical performance scores were 2.4 ± 1.2 (on a scale from 1 to 5) and 2.7 ± 1.2 (on a scale from 1 to 5), respectively, competencies in which were achieved after 20 and 17 training sessions, respectively. Conclusion: Trainees required 15 training sessions to stabilize the procedure time and 16–20 training sessions to demonstrate competencies with the TAMIS simulator model. We expect this simulator model may help surgeons more rapidly acquire the skills required for TAMIS. Graphical abstract:

Gene editing can modify gene function by inserting or deleting nucleotides in a specific region in a gene, which can alter the desired trait in the plant. In the selection process of gene-editing plants, many populations are created and need to be checked for the edited genes, but traditional gDNA extraction methods are laborious. Here, we used Biocube to extract gDNA and designed a specific primers to identify Cas9 in tomato [marker genes]. Biocubes are directly pressed into plant tissues to absorb and store DNA, and allow for quick and easy gDNA extraction. In this study, using template DNA obtained from tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) leaves by the traditional gDNA and the Biocube extraction methods, we confirmed carried DNA and editing in gene-editing plants, and compared the results of the two methods. Template DNA was obtained from cvs. Micro-Tom and M82 by the two extraction methods. Cas9, a gene-specific primer, and rbcl, an internal control, were used in PCR to confirm the presence of carried DNA. To verify the carried DNA, four samples were selected and whole-genome sequencing was performed. High-resolution melting analysis was used to check whether the target gene sequence was edited. Editing was compared using the targeted deep-sequencing results. The results showed no differences between the two gDNA extraction methods. In conclusion, we established a rapid assay for carried DNA and edited sites in gene-editing tomato plants.

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the dentoskeletal factors of patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) that can predict anterior open-bite development after stabilization splint treatment (ST).MethodsEighty-seven TMD patients were classified into three groups according to the degree of overbite changes after ST. Statistically significant differences in dental and skeletal measurements before ST among the groups were investigated.ResultsPre-ST dental and skeletal measurements that were significantly different among the groups were upper central incisor (U1) to point A-pogonion (A-Pog), facial height ratio (FHR), A point–nasion-B point angle (ANB), Wits appraisal, ramus height, angle of convexity, and sella to condylion. Among these factors, FHR, ramus height, and sella to condylion had a positive relationship with overbite changes.DiscussionDentoskeletal factors, i.e., FHR, ramus height, and sella to condylion, can predict anterior open-bite development after ST in TMD patients.