Search

Cases of extramedullary multiple myeloma occurring in the oral cavity are rare. Herein, we present a unique case of extramedullary disease occurring twice in the oral cavity. A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed with multiple myeloma and was undergoing melphalan and prednisone therapy, along with thalidomide. The patient visited our hospital with a complaint of swelling of the left mandibular gingiva and an outward mass located on the buccal side of the left mandibular second molar. Radiographic and computed tomography examinations showed no bone resorption disease. Biopsy was performed for a definitive diagnosis, which confirmed extramedullary multiple myeloma. Radiation therapy was administered, and the lesion disappeared after 2 months. However, 2 months thereafter, a tumor appeared in the upper right maxillary gingiva, which disappeared following another round of radiation therapy. Subsequently, an extramedullary tumor developed systemically. The patient died due to poor management of the underlying disease. The development of extramedullary tumors is associated with a low survival rate, which should be given crucial consideration in treatment decisions.

A new visualization method of insulin amyloid fibril has been presented via conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which can be applied to confirm the fibril formation and any effect of additives. We have demonstrated that native insulin amyloid fibrils can be imaged without any metal coating on the silicon substrate and were attributed to the attenuation effect upon the collected secondary electrons. The conventional SEM observations consistently showed distinct morphologies of the fibrils under the effects of three different molecules (citrulline, ectoin, and trehalose) and well coincident with atomic force microscopic (AFM) data. In spite of negative result for trehalose‐treated samples with conventional thioflavin T (Th‐T) assay, thin and long fibrils were thoroughly observed and it revealed a complementary capability of the present strategy. In addition, direct sampling of amyloid fibrils on silicon chips for SEM observations substantially expedites the sampling and searching efforts, thereby shedding a new light on inhibitor screening approach for diverse amyloid fibrillation. Inhibitory effects of additives on amyloid growth are distinguishable by conventional SEM imaging of uncoated insulin amyloid fibrils on silicon substrate.

ABSTRACTUnder the common premise that everyone has buddha-nature (foxing佛性) and original mind (benxin本心), there are different ways of thinking about how to relate one’s ‘original self’ as a buddha to one’s living, physical ‘actual self’. There are four types of thought in the history of Tang-Song Chan Buddhism. The first is the so-called ‘Northern’ Chan 北宗禪, which seeks to overcome the ‘actual self’ and restore the ‘original self’ through seated meditation. The second is the Mazu 馬祖 (709–788) lineage of Chan, which treats the two as one. The third type of Chan is the Shitou 石頭 (710–790) lineage which, while criticizing the Mazu lineage, grasps the relationship between the two as one and one as two. The fourth is Dahui’s 大慧 (1089–1163) kanhua chan看話禪 (Chan of Phrase-observing), which returns to the first type of thought and adds the new technique of koan公案 to it. They each had a strong influence on Medieval Japanese Zen Buddhism, with Bankei 盤珪 (1622–1693) inheriting the second type, the Sōtō 曹洞 school inheriting the third type, Hakuin 白隱 (1686–1769) inheriting the fourth type, and Dōgen 道元 (1200–1253)—in order to transcend both the second and the fourth types—producing a unique reflection on the honshō myōshu本證妙修 (‘Wondrous cultivation in fundamental realization’).

Although pathological studies usually indicate pure dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in patients with parkin (PRKN) mutations, there is no evidence to date regarding white matter (WM) pathology. A previous diffusion MRI study has revealed WM microstructural alterations caused by systemic oxidative stress in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), and we found that PRKNpatients have systemic oxidative stress in serum biomarker studies. Thus, we hypothesized that PRKNmutations might lead to WM abnormalities. To investigate whether there are WM microstructural abnormalities in early-onset PD patients with PRKNmutations using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Nine PRKNpatients and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. DTI measures were acquired on a 3T MR scanner using a bvalue of 1,000 s/mm2along 32 isotropic diffusion gradients. The DTI measures were compared between groups using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis. Correlation analysis was also performed between the DTI parameters and several serum oxidative stress markers obtained in a previously conducted metabolomic analysis. Although the WM volumes were not significantly different, the TBSS analysis revealed a corresponding decrease in fractional anisotropy and an increase in mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity in WM areas, such as the anterior and superior corona radiata and uncinate fasciculus, in PRKNpatients compared with controls. Furthermore, 9-hydroxystearate, an oxidative stress marker, and disease duration were positively correlated with several parameters in PRKNpatients. This pilot study suggests that WM microstructural impairments occur in PRKNpatients and are associated with disease duration and oxidative stress.

In severe foot trauma, it is difficult to determine the level of amputation when the crush injury is severe. We report a case of amputation near Lisfranc that achieved forefoot amputation-like results by using bone and soft tissue reconstruction while considering tendon balance. The patient was a 40-year-old male. The patient's left leg was caught in a garbage truck and sustained a crush injury. The second to fifth metatarsals were amputated at the diaphysis, and a high degree of instability of the Lisfranc joint was observed. A high degree of contamination was detected in the patient's wound, and the second to fifth toes were amputated at the Lisfranc joint during the initial treatment. The ends of the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior and peroneus longus were preserved. On day 5 in the hospital, Lisfranc joint fixation of the hallux, amputation of the first metatarsal and reconstruction of the peroneus brevis were performed. On day 13, extensor hallucis longus tendon transfer and free anterolateral thigh flap were performed. On day 80, the patient was able to walk in regular shoes or non-orthopedic shoes. One year after reconstructive surgery, the patient had an average SAFE-Q score of 86.2 and mild varus deformity of the foot remained. In cases of severe foot trauma, the aim of reconstruction should be partial forefoot amputation whenever possible.

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology has a three-decade history, constantly creating the hope of enabling technology for next-generation, high-speed, or low-power-consumption devices. Once hobbled by high material costs, SOI technology commercialization is […]

OVERVIEW The wafer fab equipment market showed a strong comeback in 1999, and there is continued buoyancy fed by massive capital spending in 2000. Meanwhile, the market driver shifted from […]

ABSTRACTCutaneous exposure to food allergens can predispose individuals to food allergies. Soybean, a major allergenic food, is an ingredient in various cosmetic products. However, the types of soybean proteins that are percutaneously sensitizing in humans or animal models remain unknown. In this study, BALB/c mice were dorsally shaved and epicutaneously exposed to a crude soybean extract including sodium dodecyl sulfate or distilled water alone. Specific IgEs secreted in response to 7S globulin (Gly m 5), 11S globulin (Gly m 6), Gly m 3, and Gly m 4 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays or immunoblots. Exposure to soybean extract elicited the secretion of soybean-specific IgEs. Of the soybean proteins, 7S and 11S globulins acted as percutaneous sensitizers in 6/9 mice (67%). Additionally, IgE bound specifically and preferentially to the 7S globulin β subunit. In conclusion, this is the first report to identify percutaneously sensitizing soybean allergens in a mouse model.

Blood pressure abnormalities are frequently observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and are associated with cerebrovascular diseases such as white matter hyperintensities and carotid atherosclerosis. We assessed the relationship between blood pressure abnormalities and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), a marker of cerebral small vessel disease, in 128 patients with PD. We examined supine and orthostatic blood pressures and used 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring to assess the presence or absence of orthostatic hypotension (OH), supine hypertension (SH), nocturnal hypertension (NH), and loss of nocturnal blood pressure dips (non-dipping). CMBs were found in 13 (10.2%) patients, and the median number of CMBs was 1 (range: 1 to 10). Six of these patients had deep or infratentorial CMBs, six had strictly lobar CMBs, and one had mixed CMBs. Linear regression analysis indicated that presence of both OH and SH was independently associated with greater numbers of CMBs in deep or infratentorial regions, independent of age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, and white matter hyperintensities. NH and non-dipping were not associated with CMBs in deep or infratentorial regions, and there was no association between blood pressure and CMBs in lobar regions. Our results suggest that the presence of both OH and SH may be related to deep or infratentorial CMBs in patients with PD.

We previously reported that galectin-9 (Gal-9), an immunomodulatory animal lectin, could bind to insoluble collagen preparations and exerted direct cytocidal effects on immune cells. In the present study, we found that mature insoluble elastin is capable of binding Gal-9 and other members of the human galectin family. Lectin blot analysis of a series of commercial water-soluble elastin preparations, PES-(A) ~ PES-(E), revealed that only PES-(E) contained substances recognized by Gal-9. Gal-9-interacting substances in PES-(E) were affinity-purified, digested with trypsin and then analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC. Peptide fragments derived from five members of the small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan family, versican, lumican, osteoglycin/mimecan, prolargin, and fibromodulin, were identified by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. The results indicate that Gal-9 and possibly other galectins recognize glycans attached to small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans associated with insoluble elastin and also indicate the possibility that mature insoluble elastin serves as an extracellular reservoir for galectins.

Three spherical opaque-white tumor nodules were found in close proximity to each other in the liver of a breeding sow, postslaughter, at a veterinary food inspection. The tumor nodules were circumscribed and histologically consisted of discrete hepatocellular and cholangiocellular nests, in association with polygonal-to-oval–shaped cells with slight cellular atypia. Immunohistochemically, all cellular components were negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, but positive for p53. Both cholangiocytes and oval-shaped cells were immunoreactive to anti-cytokeratin antibodies AE1/AE3 and MNF116. In addition, cholangiocytes were exclusively immunoreactive to anti-cytokeratin antibody CAM5.2, and hepatocytes were positive for MNF116 and hepatocyte paraffin 1. All neoplastic cells were positive for the hepatic progenitor cell markers, α-1-fetoprotein, sal-like protein 4, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule. From these results, the present case was diagnosed as hepatocholangiocellular adenoma, arising from epithelial cells of the canals of Hering.

A gate-drive voltage for a normally-off silicon-carbide vertical-trench junction-gate field-effect transistor (JFET) was designed for a server power supply with 94% efficiency. Since the on-state resistance of the JFET is strongly depends on the gate voltage and a large gate-leakage current between the gate electrode and source flows by applying an excessively high-gate voltage, we therefore must set an adequate turn-on gate-drive voltage to suppress the increase in power loss. The optimum gate-drive voltage design was estimated to be 2.1 V, resulting in a high efficiency of 94% even with a gate-drive voltage variation of ±0.3 V.

The next generation EUVL masks beyond hp15nm are difficult to repair for the current repair technologies including focused ion beam (FIB) and electron beam (EB) in view of the minimum repairable size. We developed a new FIB technology to repair EUVL masks. Conventional FIB use gallium ions (Ga+) generated by a liquid metal ion source (LMIS), but the new FIB uses hydrogen ions (H2+) generated by a gas field ion source (GFIS). The minimum reaction area of H2+FIB is theoretically much smaller than that of EB. We investigated the repair performance of H2+FIB. In the concrete, we evaluated image resolution, scan damage, etching rate, material selectivity of etching and actinic image of repaired area. The most important result is that there was no difference between the repaired area and the non-repaired one on actinic images. That result suggests that the H2+GFIS technology is a promising candidate for the solution to repair the next generation EUVL masks beyond hp15nm.

JST released a new system of J-STORE (JST Science and Technology Research Result Database for Enterprise Development) on September 21, 2010. It has been ten years since the original system of J-STORE was released. J-STORE is a database to transfer the researched results of universities, public research institutions and basic researches of JST to private enterprises. Also, J-STORE has been offered as a free database that was opened to the public widely on the Internet since June 1, 2000. We will introduce an outline for a new J-STORE system of functions, characteristics and challenges which now confront us in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Fast Reactor Cycle Technology Development (FaCT) project, a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) with mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel and an SFR with metal fuel were selected as the primary and the secondary candidates, respectively, for the Japan Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (JSFR). The present study focuses on the effects of transuranium (TRU) composition in the design for the JSFR core with MOX fuel. In the transitional stage from light water reactor (LWR) to fast breeder reactor (FBR), there is the possibility for FBR fuel to have high minor actinide (MA) content due to the recycling of LWR spent fuel. High MA content affects core and fuel designs as follows: the neutronic reactivity characteristic changes; the linear power limit is reduced because of decreases of the melting point and thermal conductivity in the fuel; the gas plenum length is extended because of an increase in He gas generation. Thus, to evaluate the effects quantitatively, design studies for cores with two TRU compositions were conducted: an FBR multirecycle composition with ~1 wt% (in heavy metal) of MA content and an LWR recycle composition for which 3 wt% of MA content was assumed as a tentative target. The results show that the change from the FBR multirecycle composition to the LWR recycle composition leads to a sodium void reactivity increase of 10%, a linear power limit decrease of 1 to 2%, and a gas plenum length increase of 5%. As a result, the effects of TRU composition on the core and fuel designs were revealed to be benign.

The proteolytic processing of laminin-5 at the short arm of the γ2 chain (γ2sa) is known to convert this laminin from a cell adhesion type to a motility type. Here, we studied this mechanism by analyzing the functions of γ2sa. In some immortalized or tumorigenic human cell lines, a recombinant γ2sa, in either soluble or insoluble (coated) form, promoted the adhesion of these cells to the processed laminin-5 (Pr-LN5), and it suppressed their migration stimulated by serum or epidermal growth factor (EGF). γ2sa also suppressed EGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of integrin β4 and resultant disruption of hemidesmosome-like structures in keratinocytes. γ2sa bound to syndecan-1, and this binding, as well as its cell adhesion activity, was blocked by heparin. By analyzing the activities of three different γ2sa fragments, the active site of γ2sa was localized to the NH2-terminal EGF-like sequence (domain V or LEa). Suppression of syndecan-1 expression by the RNA interference effectively blocked the activities of domain V capable of promoting cell adhesion and inhibiting the integrin β4 phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that domain V of the γ2 chain negatively regulates the integrin β4 phosphorylation, probably through a syndecan-1–mediated signaling, leading to enhanced cell adhesion and suppressed cell motility.

Not Available

The atomic-scale processes of benzene adsorption and desorption on an Si(111)-7 × 7 surface have been investigated with scanning tunnelling microscopy. Analysis of the atomic-scale images obtained during the adsorption and desorption processes yielded the following results: benzene molecules adsorbed on Si(111)-7 × 7 with the di-σ bonds between molecules and two Si atoms, an adatom and a rest atom; and benzene molecules chemisorb and desorb through physisorption states. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

OBJECTIVES

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements were performed to investigate the local bonding structure in ZnSxSe1 − x(x= 0.06) and Zn1 − xMgxSySe1 − y(x= 0.18, y= 0.2) with zincblende structure. It is found that the first nearest neighbor SZn distance and the second nearest neighbor SS distance remain close to those in ZnS with zincblende structure. This implies a deviation from Vegard's law in these compounds. The second nearest neighbor structure around sulphur shows that the ratio of the number of sulphur atoms to that of selenium is proportional to the respective molar ratio both in ZnSSe and in ZnMgSSe. These results indicate that there is no clustering in ZnSSe and that chalcogen atoms are also distributed with negligible clustering in ZnMgSSe.

The structural characteristics of heavily Cl doped ZnSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Two kinds of bond length between Cl and the nearest Zn atoms were observed; one is 0.25 nm and the other is 0.28 nm. The former is nearly equal to the bond length of SeZn (0.245 nm) in ZnSe indicating that four-coordinated Cl incorporated into the Se lattice site. The latter seems to indicate a defect structure, and a Clzinc vacancy complex is proposed as the defect model.

Objectives.To investigate the role of kinin in preconditioning against infarction, the present study assessed the effect of captopril, a kininase II inhibitor, on preconditioning and arterial plasma kinin levels.

This study examined whether stimulation of adenosine receptors before ischemia enhances myocardial resistance to stunning in vivo.

The azidation of unprotected acyclic nucleosides (4) was carried out in a one-pot reaction by means of the reagent triphenylphosphine-carbon tetraiodide-sodium azide to give the corresponding mono-azido-acyclic nucleosides (6) in good yields without by-products such as the di-azido-acyclic nucleosides.

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to test whether the administration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has cardioprotective effects against ischaemic and reperfusion injury. Methods: Thoracotomized dogs underwent a 30 min left circumflex coronary artery occlusion and 60 min of reperfusion (control group; n = 16). The ANP group (n = 9) received a 20 μg bolus injection of synthetic α human ANP (SUN 4936) followed by infusion at a dose of 0.1 μg/kg/min from the beginning of coronary occlusion to the end of the procedure. Results: Administration of exogenous ANP increased plasma ANP immediately and maintained levels at 3000 pg/ml, resulting in an 8-fold increase in plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. Plasma ANP and plasma cGMP levels did not change at all in controls. There were no significant differences in haemodynamic parameters during ischaemia and reperfusion between the groups. In the ANP group, the prevalence and frequency of ventricular extrasystoles within 10 min after reperfusion decreased markedly [ANP 22% vs. control 100%, P < 0.01, and ANP 1 (1) vs. control 92 (50), P < 0.05, respectively]. No dog in the ANP group had ventricular fibrillation (VF), but the incidence of VF was not statistically significant between the groups [ANP 0% vs. control 25%]. ATP content in the inner layers of the ischaemic myocardium in the ANP group was higher than in controls (P < 0.05) [1.92 (0.28) vs. 1.18 (0.13) μmol/g wet weight]. There was no significant difference in the content of myocardial tissue angiotensin II between the groups. Conclusions: These data show that the infusion of ANP has cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in this model. These beneficial effects are probably due to direct effects through cGMP rather than haemodynamic changes.

The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex has been determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The crystal was triclinic, space group P\bar1, a=7.554(1), b=9.001(1), c=5.345(1) Å, a=104.83(1), ß=99.20(1), ?=71.02(1)°, Z=1, DX=1.684(1), Dm=1.69(1) Mg m-3, µ(Mo Ka)=2.03 mm-1, and the final Rvalue was 0.030 for 1818 reflections. The molecular arrangement has a center of symmetry and has a slightly distorted octahedral configuration around the central copper(II) atom; each ethylthioacetato ligand forms a chelate ring by coordinating through a sulfur atom and a carboxyl oxygen atom, and two water molecules are also coordinated to the central metal. The solid complex is deep green, different from the diaquabis(alkylthioacetato)copper(II) complexes of the higher alkyl groups (number of C=3), and it is likely due to the CT band caused by the strong copper–sulfur bond in the complex.

We compared the nucleotide sequences of the NS genes of 13 animal influenza viruses belonging to human, swine, avian, and equine viruses for the study of the genetic relatedness of the NS genes in animal influenza viruses. The NS genes of three virus strains A/chicken/Brescia/02, A/equine/Prague/56, and A/equine/Miami/63 were newly sequenced. The base sequence homologies between the NS genes of avian, human, swine, and the A/equine/Miami/63 viruses were 87.8% or higher. On the other hand, the base sequence of the NS gene of the A/equine/Prague/56 virus differed widely from those of other viruses analyzed in the present study. We constructed a model of the genetic tree of the NS genes of avian and equine influenza viruses by a modified Farris method (1). For comparison of the NS genes between human and avian viruses, we estimated the speed of the nucleotide substitutions of the avian influenza NS genes. It was roughly constant, even though the substitutions did not occur sequentially. The nucleotide substitution rate of the NS genes of avian influenza viruses was one-third to one-fourth that of human influenza viruses. We deduced the time of separation between the NS genes of human and avian influenza viruses during evolution.

The homogeneous electrochemical oxidations of four phenothiazine derivatives, three isomers of benzophenothiazine and triphenodithiazine, were studied in acetonitrile solution together with phenothiazine itself. Their first and second redox potentials were determined by means of cyclic voltammetry. In all the materials examined, reversible one-electron oxidations were characterized. The electrogenerated cation radicals, except for triphenodithiazine, underwent a second one-electron oxidation and, after a subsequent chemical transformation, formed the corresponding benzophenothiazinium cations. For triphenodithiazine, only the first oxidation potential was observable under our experimental conditions. The electronic states of both the intermediates and the final products of electrolytic oxidation were identified by their electronic absorption spectra and electron spin resonance absorption spectra. The values of the first oxidation potential of the benzophenothiazines were proportional to the ionization energies, which were given by molecular orbital calculations.

The most important point of anesthetic management during the reconstruction of the tracheo-bronchial tree (TBT) is to secure the airway and to maintain adequate ventilation. We experienced 17 cases of reconstruction of the TBT. Various methods of ventilation were achieved; one-lung ventilation, right middle and lower lobes ventilation, and combinations of these. We used double-lumen tubes, single-lumen tubes with or without blocker, spiral tubes, and intravenous catheters. We selected an appropriate ventilation method suitable for the diverse operative modes and achieved satisfactory managements during operation. (Ogawa T, Murayama T, Shingu K, et al.: the ventilation management during the reconstruction of the tracheo-bronchial tree in adults. J Anesth 4: 9–19, 1990)

The effects of halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane on background neuronal activity and reactive capability in the central nervous system were studied in cats. The background neuronal activity was assessed by midbrain reticular cell firing, which was measured by the method of multiunit activity, and the EEG in the cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. The reactive capability was assessed by evoked responses in the visual neuronal pathway. All anaesthetics studied suppressed reticular cell firing in a dosedependent manner, and the suppression by halothane (43.8 ± 10.3% of control, mean ± SD) was less than isoflurane (66.5 ± 5.8%, P < 0.01) and enflurane (73.1 ± 8.8%, P < 0.05) at 1 MAC. Spontaneous EEG spikes developed at 4.8% isoflurane and 3.6% enflurane anaesthesia. Phasic activation of reticular cell firing was associated with EEG spikes during isoflurane and enflurane anaesthesia, and the activation during enflurane anaesthesia was greater than during isoflurane anaesthesia (P < 0.01). Photic stimulation provoked EEG spikes and repetitive stimulation induced seizure activity only at 3.6% enflurane anaesthesia. Halothane and isoflurane suppressed stimulation induced responses in the visual neuronal pathway. The amplitudes of N1in visual cortical evoked responses induced by photic stimulation were suppressed to 70.1 ± 24.5% of control at 2.4% halothane and 39.3 ± 27.3% at 4.8% isoflurane. Enflurane, at 3.6%, augmented the evoked response induced by photic stimulation (398.4 ± 83.0% of control in the amplitude of N1). These results indicate that all the agents studied had suppressive actions on background neuronal activity in the order halothane < isoflurane = enflurane. The effects on reactive capability were divergent among agents, e.g., enflurane enhanced, halothane suppressed, and the actions of isoflurane were intermediate. We conclude that the anaesthetic effects on background activity and on reactive capability are divergent and that suppression of reactive capability is a factor in determining the ease of clinical application of the anaesthetics.

The 1-(isopropoxy)ethyl group (Ipe) has been employed for the protection of the 2′-hydroxy groups of ribonucleoside residues in the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides by the phosphoramidite approach on a solid support, using an base-labile 5′-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group.

The new type protecting group, 1- (2-chloroethoxy)ethyl (Cee) group has been employed for the protection of the 2'-hydroxyl functions of ribonucleoside residues in the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides by the phosphoramidite approach on a solid support, using an acid-labile 5'-dimethoxytrityl group. This group is completely stable under the acidic conditions required to remove the 5'-terminal protecting groups in oligonucleotide synthesis on a solid support, and yet is easily removable under the similar conditions to that of the tetrahydropyranyl (Thp) in the region of pH 2-3 for the final unblocking step. The synthesis of the Cee-protected ribonucleoside 3'-phosphoramidite units proceed smoothly. The Cee-protected ribnucleoside 3'-phosphoramidite units were evaluated in the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides of up to 20 mer residues. The autocleavage of a precursor RNA from bacteriophage T4 (p2Sp1 RNA; precursor of species 1) does not contain the "hammerhead" sequence required for the authocleavage of other known self-cleaving RNA.

Objectives. This study examined the effect of a new specific Na+-H+exchange inhibitor, Hoe 642, on infarct size and the protective role of protein kinase C (PKC) by this agent. In addition, we assessed the possible alteration of Hoe 642–induced cardioprotection by commonly used animal anesthetic drugs.

Few studies with children in Asian countries, especially in Japan, have examined the relationship between walking to/from school and physical activity by segments of the day. Therefore, the present study examined the associations between walking to/from school with physical activity before school, after school, and during the entire day in a sample with a high proportion of Japanese children who walk to/from school.

Thyroglossal duct cysts are congenital and usually occur at or below the hyoid bone. When a thyroglossal duct cyst occurs on the tongue, it is usually found at an early age. This report is of a rare case of asymptomatic lingual thyroglossal duct cyst in an elderly woman.

No Abstract Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author.

No Abstract Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author.

An alternative route to benzylamine derivativesis provided by the lithiation of aryltriazenes followed by treatment with an electrophile [Eq. (1)]. The regioselectivity of the reaction can be controlled by means of the substituents X. When the 2‐ and 6‐positions are substituted, tetrahydrobenzotriazines are obtained.

A fragment (GUUUCGUACAAAC) having a consensus sequence for the self-cleavage domain in a precursor of an RNA molecule from T4-infected Escherichia colicells (p2Sp1; precursor of species 1) was chemically synthesized and found to be cleaved either between CA (139–140) or between UA (137–138) in the presence of monovalent cations and a non-ionic detergent. The cleaved products had 5′-hydroxyl and 3′-phosphate groups, of which some were in the form 2′.3′-cyclic phosphates.

Discusses the progress of facsimile industry in Japan and its role in the multimedia era. Production and shipment of facsimile equipments; Market trend; Utilization trend; Trend towards the plain paper facsimile; Approach to integrated-type facsimile; Approach to facsimile components; Tasks of the facsimile industry.

The feline endogenous retrovirus RD114 is contained in the genome of cats. The virus may contaminate live canine vaccines based on cultured feline cells. The in vivo infectivity, acute and subacute pathogenicity, and viral proliferation of the RD114 virus were evaluated by experimental infection of dogs.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Investigations of near-band-edge transitions and hydrogen (H) plasma passivation effects of unintentionally doped Al0.13Ga0.87As grown on a Si substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition have been performed by photoluminescence (PL) measurement. The PL efficiency was effectively enhanced after H plasma passivation due to the passivation of nonradiative recombination channels. In addition, the passivation of the residual impurity carbon (C) has been confirmed by the 4.2 K PL measurement, and it was found that the passivation effect of carbon still persists, even after 450°C post-hydrogen-plasma-passivation annealing.

A new technique of photoacoustic Raman spectroscopy (PARS) is proposed and demonstrated for the detection of trace gas molecules in the atmosphere. No tunable laser is required in the proposed method. Only a fixed-wavelength pulsed laser is used as a light source, and a Raman shifter, filled with the same gas as that to be detected, automatically generates the Raman-shifted radiation required for the detection by PARS. In the detection of trace H2gas in the atmospheric pressure mixture with N2, the detection limit of 3 ppm (3×10-6in partial pressure) was obtained using a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser.

Objective: The aim was to test a hypothesis that ischaemic preconditioning attenuates myocardial stunning via adenosine receptor activation. Methods: Myocardial stunning was induced in male rabbits by a transient 5 or 10 min coronary artery occlusion, and alteration of regional systolic thickening fraction (TF) was measured by using an epicardial Doppler sensor before and after the regional ischaemia. Rabbits were either untreated, preconditioned with 1 min ischaemia, given 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, 10 mg·kg–1 intravenously), or given 8-PT plus 1 min ischaemic preconditioning. Preconditioning and 8-PT were given 5 min and 20 min before stunning the heart, respectively. Results: Postischaemic recovery of the thickening fraction was significantly improved by preconditioning with 1 min ischaemia. TF (% baseline) after 10 min ischaemia/30 min reperfusion was 84.3(SEM 5.0)% in the preconditioned group, which was significantly higher than the value of 51.3(8.1)% in the control rabbits. Treatment with 8-PT alone did not significantly alter the recovery of TF from 10 min ischaemia [TF=45.0(7.4)%,], but 8-PT treatment completely abolished the effect of 1 min preconditioning [TF=51.3(6.4)%]. Attenuation of myocardial stunning by 1 min preconditioning was also observed when the stunning was induced by 5 min ischaemia [92.2(1.3)% in preconditioned group v 75.9(3.2)% in controls]. Conclusions: These findings suggest that preconditioning protects the myocardium against stunning through activation of the adenosine receptors. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:657-662

Distribution of chalcogen atoms in ZnSxSe1-x(x=0.06) and Zn1-xMgxSySe1-y(x=0.18, y=0.2) with zincblende structure was investigated by EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) spectroscopy. By measuring sulphur K-edge EXAFS, it was found that the ratio of the number of sulphur atoms to that of selenium for the second nearest neighbors around sulphur atoms is proportional to the respective composition ratio both in ZnSSe and in ZnMgSSe. These results indicate that there is no clustering in ZnSSe and that chalcogen atoms are also randomly distributed in ZnMgSSe.

Domain structure of Rochelle salt has been studied by X-ray plane-wave topography. Fine stripe patterns of domain boundaries are found in topographs of a-plates in ferroelectric state. These patterns are caused by strains near the boundary, due to atomic displacements parallel to the boundary. For c-plates, separate three topographs have been obtained for three incident angles corresponding to three peaks in the rocking curve due to c-domain and to two sets of crystal orientation in b-domain.