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Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a citrus-originated, seminatural sweetener. There is no investigation concerning the effect of NHDC on ulcerative colitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic and protective effects of NHDC in Wistar Albino rats. NHDC was given for 7 days after or before colitis induction. The results showed that NHDC significantly reduced the interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) levels. Catalase levels did not show a significant difference between the groups. NHDC provided a remarkable decrease in the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were significantly elevated in NHDC treatment groups, while total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly decreased. NHDC provided remarkable improvement in histological symptoms such as epithelial erosion, edema, mucosal necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hemorrhage. Also, caspase-3 expression levels were statistically decreased in NHDC treatment groups. The results indicated that NHDC might be a protection or alternative treatment for ulcerative colitis.

The environmental and health issues resulting from pesticide usage constitute a significant global problem. One of the most important health issues is the cellular damage due to impaired oxidant–antioxidant balance within the cell. In the present study, the authors aimed to investigate the changes of total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in farm workers versus non-user individuals. For this purpose, blood serum samples of 63 people, who had worked with the high level of pesticides during apple and cherry production for a minimum period of 5 years, were analyzed for TAS and TOS versus 32 non-user samples, who lived in the same region and had never directly worked with pesticides. In addition to these parameters, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also measured as a biomarker of toxicity. Based on the findings, TAS and TOS levels (±SD) were detected in farm workers using pesticides as (mean ± SD) 1.63 ± 0.14 μmol H2O2equivalent/L and 1.60 ± 0.11 mmol trolox equivalent/L, respectively. When these values were compared to those of non-user group, a statistically significant increase (p< 0.001) was detected in TOS and a significant decrease (p< 0.001) in TAS. Oxidative stress index calculated regarding TOS and TAS values was found to be significantly different in user group as 1.01 as compared to 0.95 in non-user subjects (p< 0.001). Apart from these results, AChE activity showed no significant difference between two groups (p> 0.001). In the light of the data obtained during this study, it can be concluded that exposure to pesticides may increase oxidative stress in farm workers.