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Natural dyes and pigments are emerged as an important alternative to potentially harmful synthetic dyes. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly/non-toxic colourants specifically for textile dyeing because of its sustainability, green chemistry and improved eco-balances. The present study aimed to evaluate the dyeing potential of violet pigment from Chromobacterium violaceumUTM5. Dye-ability of violet pigment on different fabrics, i.e. pure cotton, pure silk, pure rayon, jacquard rayon, silk satin, cotton and polyester were tested using mordants and colour fastness tests were performed. Results from this study showed that violet pigment is capable of dyeing both natural and synthetic fibres. The use of slake lime mordant resulted in darker colour for cotton and silk satin. The colour fastness test showed fair to excellent (3/4) rating for fabrics dyed with violet pigment. This study demonstrates that violet pigment may have commercial demand in the textile industry.

Natural dyes and pigments are emerged as an important alternative to potentially harmful synthetic dyes. There is a growing demand for eco-friendly/non-toxic colourants specifically for textile dyeing because of its sustainability, green chemistry and improved eco-balances. The present study aimed to evaluate the dyeing potential of violet pigment from ChromobacteriumviolaceumUTM5. Dye-ability of violet pigment on different fabrics, i.e. pure cotton, pure silk, pure rayon, jacquard rayon, silk satin, cotton and polyester were tested using mordants and colour fastness tests were performed. Results from this study showed that violet pigment is capable of dyeing both natural and synthetic fibres. The use of slake lime mordant resulted in darker colour for cotton and silk satin. The colour fastness test showed fair to excellent (3/4) rating for fabrics dyed with violet pigment. This study demonstrates that violet pigment may have commercial demand in the textile industry.

A 12-year-old girl with a painless swollen finger was a clinical puzzle as her presentation and X-rays were not typical of osteoid osteoma. Computed tomography and histology confirmed the diagnosis. This case is reported for its atypical presentation, difficulty in diagnosis and rare occurrence in the middle phalanx.

A 12-year-old girl with a painless swollen finger was a clinical puzzle as her presentation and X-rays were not typical of osteoid osteoma. Computed tomography and histology confirmed the diagnosis. This case is reported for its atypical presentation, difficulty in diagnosis and rare occurrence in the middle phalanx.

Both oil palm shell (OPS) and fly ash are by-product generated from the industries. Disposal of these by-product as wastes cause negative impact to the environment. The use of both oil palm shell and fly ash in concrete is seen as an economical solution for making green and denser concrete. The primary aim of this research is to determine the effects of FA utilization as sand replacement in oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete (OPS LWAC) towards sulphate resistance. Five concrete mixes containing fly ash as sand replacement namely 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% were prepared in these experimental work. All mixes were cast in form of cubes before subjected to sulphate solution for the period of 5 months. It was found that addition of 10% fly ash as sand replacement content resulted in better sulphate resistance of OPS LWAC. The occurrence of pozzolanic reaction due to the presence of FA in concrete has consumed the vulnerable Calcium hydroxide to be secondary C-S-H gel making the concrete denser and more durable.

Realization on the increasing demand for river sand supply in construction sector has inspired the current research to find alternative material to reduce the use of natural sand in oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete (OPS LWAC) production. The existence of fly ash, a by-product generated from coal power plant, which pose negative impact to the environment when it is disposed as waste, were used in this research. The effect of fly ash content as partial sand replacement towards workability and compressive strength of OPS lightweight aggregate concrete were investigated. Four concrete mixes containing various percentage of fly ash that are 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of sand were used in the experimental work. All mixes were cast in form of cubes before subjected to water curing until the testing age. Compressive strength test were conducted at 1, 3, 7 and 28 days. The finding shows that the workability of the OPS LWAC decreases when more fly ash are used as sand replacement. It was found that adding of 10% fly ash as sand replacement content resulted in better compressive strength of OPS LWAC, which is higher than the control mix.