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Purpose: This study aims to unveil the variables that drive Indonesia’s seafood exports to organization of Islamic cooperation (OIC) countries, including a deeper analysis to understand the factors that affect Indonesia’s potential for halal seafood exports, and attempts to validate Linder’s hypothesis, which might occur as part of the determinants of Indonesia’s seafood exports, as well as one of the variables that can affect Indonesia’s potency of halal seafood exports based on economic scale similarities and relative factor endowments. Design/methodology/approach: Using Poisson regression by pseudo maximum likelihood, this study applies the theory of trade gravity and Linder’s hypothesis of Indonesia’s seafood exports to OIC countries and its halal market potency over the 30 years observation period from 1992 to 2021, with 47 countries importing Indonesia’s seafood products during the observation period based on United Nations Comtrade statistics. Findings: The variables that drive Indonesia’s seafood exports are the situation of the economy between Indonesia and its trading partners, the population of importing countries and the common understanding of language. On the other hand, the adjusted-Muslim GDP of importing countries, the adjusted-Muslim GDP of Indonesia and the number of Muslim inhabitants of importer countries are the factors that affect Indonesia’s potential for halal seafood exports. The study also validates the presence of Linder’s hypothesis in Indonesia’s seafood export and could hint Indonesia’s potential for halal seafood exports Research limitations/implications: Owing to the absence of an Harmonized System code that explicitly accommodates trade in halal commodities, especially in halal seafood exports, it will be more accurate if data are available in the future as material for further studies. Future studies may also consider per capita consumption of seafood, food safety standards and the level of food security from OIC countries as variables that might also influence Indonesia’s seafood exports in an approach analysis using the gravity theory of trade. Practical implications: This study is part of the authors’ efforts to encourage a greater contribution of the fisheries sector to Indonesia’s GDP by identifying the factors that drive seafood exports, which have so far only been around 2%–3% and have never reached more than 4% in the past two decades. While Indonesia is blessed with extraordinary marine biodiversity and hopes of being the leader of the halal food industry, the fisheries sector is expected to contribute. Originality/value: Unlike previous studies that used the approach of the gravity model of trade on food exports, this study is specifically in the field of seafood exports, takes Indonesia as the main object of research and also examines Linder’s hypothesis as part of the analysis to identify what drives Indonesia’s seafood exports in the OIC countries market and fill the scant of studies highlighting the factors that could drive halal food exports, specifically in seafood.

Graphical abstract:

Graphical abstract:

Research on ceramic filters, needed in the aluminum casting industry because of their ability to filter inclusions, has been done. This study's primary material to make ceramic or local filters is kaolin. The manufacture of local filters in this study uses the dry press method. In this study, potato starch with a composition of 5%, 10%, and 15% acted as a pore-former in the local filter. The local filter burned to a temperature of about 1200°C to obtain the mullite phase. Local filter characterization used SEM, XRD, XRF, and DTA. Several tests were carried out in this study, including Permanent Linear Change (PLC) test, thermal expansion test, flexural strength test, and porosity test. The results obtained in this study show that pores on the local filter are not open, have a prolate shape, and have an average pore size of 10 to 55 m. Burning kaolin up to 1200°C proved successful in obtaining the mullite phase. Another result of this study, the more starch content added to the material, the greater the shrinkage and expansion of the material; the highest shrinkage value on the material is 0.17%, and the highest expansion value of the material is 0,29%, the 15% values owned by potato starch. It is different in the flexural strength value, which has the highest value with 0% potato starch at 14.14 MPa and the lowest value with 15% potato starch at 5.39 MPa.

Countries in South East Asia have implemented economic integration known as the ASEAN Economic Community, including the financial sector. Therefore, Islamic banks in Indonesia have to prepare for more challenging competition. Using data of Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia, this research determines the relationship between market power and efficiency. Market power is analysed using the Lerner Index, while efficiency captures by the cost to income ratio (CIR). Our results show that Islamic banks in Malaysia outperform Islamic banks in Indonesia overall regarding market power and efficiency. Furthermore, market power and efficiency are positively correlated.

In particular, this study aims to investigate the effect of aluminosilicate nanoparticle in the mixture of anionic (Sulfonated Alkyl Ester) and nonionic (Fatty Ester Oleate) surfactants on the interfacial tension and wettability related to EOR processes. Various experiments were conducted such as measuring interfacial tension between oil and brine using spinning drop tensiometer, measuring contact angle between surfactant-NPs-brine solution and Buff Berea core using optical tensiometer, conducting spontaneous imbibition, and core flooding tests.

Much remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939–7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal bp;present taken as ad1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4–4.2 kyr cal bp)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia–New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3–7.2 kyr cal bpat the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the ‘Toalean’ technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.

The growing global population challenges the food industry to ensure it remains safe for consumption. Food waste caused by imbalances between production and handling creates significant economic, environmental, and social risks. However, packaging technology innovation has emerged as a powerful tool, offering a solution by extending shelf life and maintaining food product quality. Consumers' increasing interest in eco-friendly packaging has driven research into renewable materials and low-toxicity bioactive components. Gallic acid, a promising phenolic compound, holds potential for food preservation and sustainable packaging development. Its antibacterial and antifungal properties against resistant microbes and biofilm formation, its ability to prevent lipid and protein oxidation, and its potential as a color indicator for monitoring food freshness all contribute to food preservation. Its incorporation into edible polymers offers a strategy for innovative edible packaging. Depending on the dosage and material composition, loading gallic acid within the polymer matrix can improve packaging properties, including UV barrier, mechanical strength, and water vapor and oxygen permeability. This article reviews the potential of gallic acid for developing biodegradable, active, intelligent, and edible packaging. Future directions include evaluating gallic acid's toxicity, dispersion within the matrix, pro-oxidative activity, compatibility with biodegradable polymers (especially those derived from agricultural by-products), migration into food products, and stability under different environmental conditions. The sustainability perspective (environment, economic, and social) is also discussed.

Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) contains high anthocyanin and peonidin glycosides which are useful as powerful natural antioxidants. Microwaves is an electric oven that use for heats and cooks food by exposing electromagnetic radiation produce thermal energy which was influenced to the composition and structural properties of food. In this study, the effect of microwave irradiation on the structural and bonding characteristic of Ipomoea batatas L have been analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), respectively. The composition and the crystallite size was decreases with increasing the temperature and the time of irradiation. The intensity of functional group FTIR spectra shows for 20 minutes irradiation indicated the time for breaking bond of hydroxyl group due to evaporation and re-arrangement of atomic bonding for >20 minutes irradiation. The result in this study as a guided for general public the time maximum irradiation by microwave in the processing Ipomoea batatas L without change the properties

Adsorptive removal and dynamic interaction of three different pharmaceutical pollutants, namely rifampicin (RIF), streptomycin (STM), and ibuprofen (IBU) onto chitosan were systematically investigated using a batch adsorption technique at different processing parameters. In this study, chitosan was derived from mud-crab shells, as an innovative way to use the waste from marine foods as adsorbents. The kinetics, intraparticle diffusion, mechanism, and thermodynamics of the adsorption were systematically evaluated and analyzed using kinetic models, Boyd mass transfer and Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin isotherm models, and the Gibbs equation. The adsorption isotherm of the larger molecules, RIF and STM, could be explained by the Langmuir isotherm model, in contrast, that of IBU, which is a much smaller molecule, followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of RIF, STM, and IBU on chitosan was estimated to be 66.91 mg g−1, 11.00 mg g−1, and 24.21 mg g−1, respectively, which are higher compared to those on a variety of agricultural wastes, suggesting that this biopolymer is a potential practical and economical adsorbent to remove the pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater. The adsorption mechanism of the pharmaceutical compounds on chitosan is proposed based on the vibrational spectroscopic analyses, XRD patterns, and DSC thermograms of the biopolymer before and after adsorption process.

Influences of substrate temperature on crystal structure, surface topography and surface morphology of cerium dioxide or ceria (CeO2) thin films deposited using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering were studied. The substrate temperature was varied i.e. room temperature, 100, 200 and 300 degC. The characteristics of the film surface could be controlled by tuning the substrate temperature. As studied in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the CeO2 thin films exhibited a cubic fluorite structure with predominant (200) orientation at substrate temperature of room temperature and 200 degC, while (111) preferred orientation at substrate temperature of 100 and 300 degC. The CeO2 films featured uniform surface topography and surface morphology, as observed from the atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses, respectively. The surface roughness and the average grain size of the films fluctuated with increasing substrate temperature. This phenomenon was suggested due to the difference in the preferential orientation of the films as in the XRD analysis.

The corona post discharge region in high-density nitrogen plasma has been investigated. We observed the emission band (0-0) of NH located at 336 nm corresponding to the transition A3P-X3P[?] which is particularly intense at low pressure. The possibility would be that NH is formed from a radiative recombination between a hydrogenated compound present in trace amounts (as CmHn) and nitrogen. Outside the (0-0) NH band, only the band (1-1) at 337.00 nm (i.e. 1 nm from the previous one) was detected. Since its transmission probability is lower than that of the band (0-0) and is located very close to the intense 2S+ band (0-0) (337.13 nm), detection is not possible. A very weak emission of the CN violet system ((B2S+-X2S) has been identified in the discharge zone with excitation threshold in the order of 3.37 eV. The most intense bands are between 385 nm and 388.34 nm. This radical can only come from a reaction in the discharge between the nitrogen and an organic compound of the CnHm type. Although the purification system is very sophisticated, traces of hydrocarbons can be introduced either by contamination by oil vapours from the pumping system or by their presence in the starting gas (0.01 ppm). The radical CN is observed only with a discharge in negative polarity.

Non-polluted plasma muffler prototype has done in fuel engine vehicle. Pilot scale improvement has done by integrating reduction system into vehicle muffler from previous position outside the muffler. High voltage that used to develop plasma condition comes from 12V34Ah accumulator which connected with electronic equipment and it can be able to develop voltage up to 20kV. Exhaust gases reduction ability has done by varying engine rotation. Plasma muffler appearance in vehicle doesn't change outside dimension of its original muffler and it reactor placement in muffler has a function to change resonator chamber function and make this muffler still fulfil muffler standardization with more performance in reducing exhaust gases (COx, NOx, HC). Optimal reduction level made at 2200 rpm for COx is 86.52%, for CO is 88.93%, for HC is 97.34% and for NOx at 4600 rpm is 76,19%. The residue formed in the muffler has been tested with FTIR. Of all possible feeds, the compound constituent of the NOx reduction product is ammonium carbonate ((NH4) 2CO3), ammonium sulphite ((NH4)2SO3), and also ammonium sulphate ((NH4) 2SO4).

A novel Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DDBD) and an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was generated with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) column by AC high voltage have been developed. This reactor can produce cold atmospheric plasmas (CAP) that formed in air reactive oxygen species (ROS). These species among others are O3, H2O2, was quantified in the outlet of reactors. The analysis for ROS has been conducted by using medium that we call Plasma-Activated Medium (PAM). Some analysis conducted including variation of exposure times by ROS to the plasma-activated medium. In addition, concentration-voltage characteristics of ozone production. Peroxide Value, Acid Value and Viscosity of virgin coconut oil (VCO, as PAM) increased with increasing exposure time of O3. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in water (as PAM) has been measured. The concentration of H2O2 179 uM with exposure time for 1 minute. The concentration of H2O2 in the study is quite high when compared with some other research results. The results showed that increased exposure time resulted in increased concentrations of ozone and hydrogen peroxide.

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films were deposited at room temperature on Corning 2947 glass substrates by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering with a high purity VO2 target. Crystal structure, surface topography, surface morphology and optical properties of the deposited VO2 thin films were investigated. The deposited films exhibited a single orientation of (110) with a crystallite size of 41.3 nm as confirmed by the X-ray diffraction analysis and Scherrer formula, respectively. From the surface topography analysis, the film surface had root mean square surface roughness of ~6.8 nm and consisted of round-shaped grains. Similarly, from the surface morphology analysis, spherical-like grains were observed on the surface of the deposited VO2 thin films with estimated average grain size of 34.2 nm. The deposited thin films showed high transmittance and low reflectance in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regions at room temperature. In addition, from the optical transmittance against temperature measurements, only a few transmittance variation and a slight change in hysteresis loop were detected during heating and cooling between room temperature and 100 degC. Hence, the deposited VO2 thin films were found to exhibit lack of phase transition.

We have investigated numerically the optical spectral properties of resonant transmission of light through sub-wavelength air-holes in a gold thin film by using the finite element method. The enhanced transmission can be comprehended in the light of interfering surface-wave-like modes propagating in the sub-wavelength air-holes. The effects of geometrical and material properties of the sub-wavelength air-holes in the transmission spectrum were characterized. The proposed structure can be operated as refractive index (RI) sensor with a sensitivity of 524.8 nm/RIU (RIU = refractive index unit) ranging from the visible to the near-infrared. This feature provides a remarkable scheme of nanoscale sensing for the RI variations of the environmental media such as applications in liquid and gas sensing.

Nano-structured ceria was synthesized by using sol-gel and hydrothermal techniques. Prior to measurements by Raman spectroscopy, the prepared ceria was dispersed onto glass substrates by spin-coating, and this was followed by the deposition of gold nano-particles onto the surface of the ceria by direct current magnetron sputtering. The F2g Raman peak, oxygen vacancy and longitudinal optical modes of ceria were successfully observed with visible Raman laser excitation wavelength of 532 nm at non-resonance Raman conditions. The surface oxygen adsorption on ceria surface was also detected. The F2g Raman peaks of ceria for all of the samples were red-shifted because of the nano-crystalline structure and strain effect on the samples. In the case of the hydrothermally processed gold coated ceria, the F2g Raman peak was further red-shifted to 451 cm-1 because of temperature effect and anharmonicity, and the peak intensity was also found to be enhanced by at least one order of magnitude (x13). This increase in peak intensity was attributed to the electrical field enhancement via localized surface plasmon resonance of the gold nano-particles.

Anaerobic digestion is a promising method to treat citrus waste. However, the presence of limonene in citrus waste inhibits anaerobic digestion process. Limonene is an antimicrobial compound and could inhibit methane forming bacteria that takes a longer time to recover than the injured acid forming bacteria. Hence, volatile fatty acids will be accumulated and methane production will be decreased. One way to solve this problem is by conducting anaerobic digestion process into two stages. The first step is aimed for hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and acetogenesis reactions and the second stage is aimed for methanogenesis reaction. The separation of the system would further allow each stage in their optimum conditions making the process more stable. In this research, anaerobic digestion was carried out in batch operations using 120 ml-glass bottle bioreactors in 2 stages. The first stage was performed in free-cells bioreactor, whereas the second stage was performed in both bioreactor of free cells and membrane bioreactor. In the first stage, the reactor was set into 'anaerobic' and 'semi-aerobic' conditions to examine the effect of oxygen on facultative anaerobic bacteria in acid production. In the second stage, the protection of membrane towards the cells against limonene was tested. For the first stage, the basal medium was prepared with 1.5 g VS of inoculum and 4.5 g VS of citrus waste. The digestion process was carried out at 55degC for four days. For the second stage, the membrane bioreactor was prepared with 3 g of cells that were encased and sealed in a 3x6 cm2 polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. The medium contained 40 ml basal medium and 10 ml liquid from the first stage. The bioreactors were incubated at 55degC for 2 days under anaerobic condition. The results from the first stage showed that the maximum total sugar under 'anaerobic' and 'semi-aerobic' conditions was 294.3 g/l and 244.7 g/l, respectively. The corresponding values for total volatile fatty acids were 3.8 g/l and 2.9 g/l, respectively. Methane production of citrus waste taken from the first stage under 'anaerobic' condition in membrane and free-cells bioreactors was 11.2 Nml and 7.2 Nml, respectively. Whereas, methane production of citrus waste taken from the first stage under 'semi-aerobic' condition in membrane and free-cells bioreactors was 8.8 Nml and 5.7 Nml, respectively. It can be seen from the results of the first stage that volatile fatty acids from 'anaerobic' condition was higher than that of 'semi-aerobic' condition. The absence of oxygen provides the optimal condition for growth and metabolism of facultative and obligatorily anaerobic bacteria in the first stage. Furthermore, polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was able to protect the cells from antimicrobial compounds.

Ride comfort in railway transportation is very mind boggling and it relies on different dynamic performance criteria as well as subjective observation from the train passengers. Vibration discomfort from different elements such as vehicle condition, track area condition and working condition can prompt poor ride comfort. However, there are no universal applicable standards to analyse the ride comfort. There are several factors including local condition, vehicle condition and the track condition. In this current work, level of ride comfort by previous Adtranz-Walker light rapid transit (LRT) passengers at Ampang line were analysed. A comparison was done via two possible methods which are BS EN 12299 (2009) and Sperling's Ride Index equation. BS EN 12299 standard is used to measure and evaluate the ride comfort of seating (Nvd) and standing (Nva) of train passenger in three different routes. Next, Sperling's ride comfort equation is used to conduct validation and comparison between the obtained data. The result indicates a higher extent of vibration in the vertical axis which impacts the overall result. The standing position demonstrates a higher exposure of vibration in all the three tested routes. Comparison of the ride comfort assessment of passenger in sitting and standing position for both methods indicates that all the track sections exceeds "pronounced but not unpleasant (medium)" limit range. Nevertheless, the seating position at track section AU did not exceed the limit and stayed at the comfortable zone. The highest discomfort level achieved for both methods for seating position are 3.34 m/s2 for Nva and 2.63 m/s2 respectively, which is at route C uptrack that is from Chan Sow Lin station to Sri Petaling station. Meanwhile, the highest discomfort level achieved for both methods for standing are 3.80 m/s2 for Nvd and 2.88 m/s2 for Wz respectively, at uptrack section which is from Sri Petaling station to Chan Sow Lin station. Thus, the highest discomfort level was discovered to be at Route C.

The daily routine of bus traffic controller which involves high mental processes would have a direct impact on the level of workload. To date, the level of workload on the bus traffic controllers in Malaysia is relatively unknown. Excessive workload on bus traffic controllers would affect the control and efficiency of the system. This paper served to study the workload on bus traffic controllers and justify the needs to conduct further detailed research on this field. The objectives of this research are to identify the level of workload on the intrastate bus traffic controllers. Based on the results, recommendations will be proposed for improvements and future studies. The level of workload for the bus traffic controllers is quantified using questionnaire adapted from NASA TLX. Interview sessions were conducted for validation of workload. Sixteen respondents were involved and it was found that the average level of workload based on NASA TLX was 6.91. It was found that workload is not affected by gender and marital status. This study also showed that the level of workload and working experience of bus traffic controllers has a strong positive linear relationship. This study would serve as a guidance and reference related to this field. Since this study is a preliminary investigation, further detailed studies could be conducted to obtain a better comprehension regarding the bus traffic controllers.

Public transportation acts as social mobility and caters the daily needs of the society for passengers to travel from one place to another. This is true for a country like Malaysia where international trade has been growing significantly over the past few decades. Task analysis assessment was conducted with the consideration of cognitive ergonomic view towards problem related to human factors. Conducting research regarding the task analysis on bus traffic controllers had allowed a better understanding regarding the nature of work and the overall monitoring activities of the bus services. This paper served to study the task analysis assessment on intrastate bus traffic controllers and the objectives of this study include to conduct task analysis assessment on the bus traffic controllers. Task analysis assessment for the bus traffic controllers was developed via Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA). There are a total of five subsidiary tasks on level one and only two were able to be further broken down in level two. Development of HTA allowed a better understanding regarding the work and this could further ease the evaluation of the tasks conducted by the bus traffic controllers. Thus, human error could be reduced for the safety of all passengers and increase the overall efficiency of the system. Besides, it could assist in improving the operation of the bus traffic controllers by modelling or synthesizing the existing tasks if necessary.