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The historical and contemporary alignment of medical and health journals with colonial practices needs elucidation. Colonialism, which sought to exploit colonised people and places, was justified by the prejudice that colonised people's ways of knowing and being are inferior to those of the colonisers. Institutions for knowledge production and dissemination, including academic journals, were therefore central to sustaining colonialism and its legacies today. This invited Viewpoint focuses on The Lancet, following its 200th anniversary, and is especially important given the extent of The Lancet‘s global influence. We illuminate links between The Lancetand colonialism, with examples from the past and present, showing how the journal legitimised and continues to promote specific types of knowers, knowledge, perspectives, and interpretations in health and medicine. The Lancet‘s role in colonialism is not unique; other institutions and publications across the British empire cooperated with empire-building through colonisation. We therefore propose investigations and raise questions to encourage broader contestation on the practices, audience, positionality, and ownership of journals claiming leadership in global knowledge production.

A supervised machine learning (ML) algorithm is proposed for measuring refractive index (RI) values both below and above the RI of the fiber material using a multimode interference (MMI) fiber sensor. The sensor is constructed by splicing a coreless multimode fiber (CMF) segment between two single-mode fiber (SMF) leads. Measurement of low and high RI regimes is accomplished through the decision tree (DT) regression algorithm. The trained model algorithm demonstrates a wide dynamic range in RI measurement, covering the ranges of 1.30–1.39 (low RI regime) and 1.46–1.55 (high RI regime) without any RI ambiguity, achieving model accuracy of 99.77%. The guided and leaky modes mechanisms within the all-silica-based structure of the CMF are fundamentally insensitive to temperature, making it highly practical for deployment in conditions with varying temperatures without the need for any compensating scheme.

Solar energy is seen as a good option to replace fossil fuels in electricity generation. However, PV panels produce unnecessary heat energy during power generation which increases the temperature and affects the efficiency of PV cells. This article investigates the performance of PV modules using aluminum heat sinks and forced air cooling techniques. A cooling circuit configuration connecting a 6-inch pipe plenum with 5 T-shaped pipes is installed under the solar cell to provide better cold air distribution to the PV panels. The study was conducted on-site and in real-time conditions in a public hospital with high energy consumption as it operates continuously throughout the year. The combination of the two methods has optimized the performance of solar panels in terms of efficiency and electrical energy output. The average electrical efficiency of the studied PV panels is 17% and is very close to the PV module efficiency of 19.38% under standard test conditions (STC). The actual energy yield recorded for the installed PV panel is 12.35% higher than the estimated solar energy output under nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) conditions. The results of the study show that solar energy generation can be optimized by considering the design, use of materials and proper cooling methods even when using the same solar panel.

Let 𝒜 be the class of normalized functions which are analytic in the open unit disc. Jakson q-derivative represented by convolution operator Dqf(z)=1z{f(z)★z(1-qz)(1z)},f∈𝒜,q∈(0,1){D_q}f\left( z \right) = {1 \over z}\left\{ {f\left( z \right)\star{z \over {\left( {1 - qz} \right)\left( {1z} \right)}}} \right\},\,\,\,\,f \in \mathcal{A},\,\,\,q \in \left( {0,1} \right)is used to introduce a unified class Mq(α, β, γ), α≥ 0, β, γ∈ [0, 1) and its various mapping properties are studied. For q→ 1−1, β= γ= 0 and α= 1, this class reduces to the class Kof close-to-convex univalent functions. A number of interesting results such as q-Bernardi integral operator and inclusion relations are included as part of this study. Applications are also pointed out as consequences of the main results.

This study aims to investigate the impact of knowledge sharing on customer retention and the mediating role of market orientation in commercial banks in Jordan. This study provides a new perspective to marketing literature within the context of emerging markets about the antecedents of customer retention by introducing the concept of knowledge sharing and the mediating impact of market orientation. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was designed, based on previous studies, as the main tool for collecting data. A total of 120 completed questionnaires were collected from commercial banks' employees and analysed using partial least square (PLS) method. The results indicated that knowledge sharing has a positive impact on customer retention. Market orientation dimensions (customer orientation, competition orientation, and inter-functional coordination) have a direct impact on customer retention and partially mediate the impact of knowledge sharing on customer retention.

The paper addresses various eGovernment challenges in developing countries. A review of the literature on eGovernment challenges and their validation using empirical investigation is presented, and a number of research gaps and future directions are identified. The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for future researchers and practitioners. We present a significant conceptual framework for eGovernment project success, integrating theoretical and the practical domains. The framework incorporates antecedents, postcedents and the outcome. Five antecedents are organisational, managerial, operational and environmental, technical and social aspects; encompassing 21 critical factors. The two postcedents are improved service and the customer satisfaction, and the outcome of eGovernment is its success and the competitive edge. Additionally, research gaps and vital eGovernment subjects are identified. This study provides a valuable discussion on major eGovernment challenges and provides a conceptual framework for implementing the project successfully, along with several suggestions for future eGovernment research.

This paper presents specific combined protection of grounding systems that can be applied for wind power plants. The proposed prototype design is a combination of the ferrite ring technique, surge arrester models, as well as voltage surge protector, which impacts dampen tension more effectively by building a dedicated line with a separate model. The proposed model is 100 m in width with a depth of 2 m from the soil which is based on the IEC-61643-12 study. The transmission line approach model is used to obtain a description of the behavior of lightning occurring in the soil. The simulation results show the proposed design can be applied effectively.

The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) held in Beijing is a significant event that highlights the growing relationship between China and Africa. The summit, attended by over 50 African leaders, symbolizes China's commitment to fostering a shared future with Africa. The outcomes of the summit have implications not only for Africa but for the global order as well. The forum focuses on modernization, aligning China's developmental trajectory with Africa's aspirations for economic growth and social progress. It also emphasizes mutual respect and equality, departing from traditional donor-recipient dynamics. The summit announced ten partnership actions that China and Africa will pursue over the next three years, covering areas such as trade, industrial cooperation, and green development. China's commitment to providing financial support and creating jobs in Africa reflects its dedication to sustainable development on the continent. The forum also highlights the strategic dimension of China-Africa relations, with China recognizing Africa's geopolitical significance and proposing the elevation of these relations to an all-weather China-Africa community with a shared future. The focus on connectivity, both physical and digital, aims to integrate Africa more closely into the global economy. The inclusion of green development and common security initiatives demonstrates China's efforts to address interconnected challenges and support regional stability. Overall, the 2024 FOCAC summit represents a mature and deep partnership between China and Africa, built on mutual respect and a common vision for the future. [Extracted from the article]

It is a well-known fact that inclusion and pseudo-order relations are two different concepts which are defined on the interval spaces, and we can define different types of convexities with the help of both relations. By means of pseudo-order relation, the present article deals with the new notions of convex functions which are known as left and right log-ss-convex interval-valued functions (IVFs) in the second sense. The main motivation of this study is to present new inequalities for left and right log-ss-convex-IVFs. Therefore, we establish some new Jensen-type, Hermite-Hadamard (HH)-type, and Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér (HH-Fejér)-type inequalities for this kind of IVF, which generalize some known results. To strengthen our main results, we provide nontrivial examples of left and right log-ss-convex IVFs.

Submerged spillways with large capacity outlets are generally provided below the dam crest to perform the dual functions of flood disposal and sediment flushing. Flood water passing through these spillways exhibits turbulent behavior. Moreover; hydraulic analysis of such turbulent flows is a challenging task. Therefore, the present study aims to use numerical simulations to examine the hydraulic behavior of submerged spillways constructed at Mangla Dam, Pakistan. Besides, the hydraulic performance of aerator was also evaluated at different operating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics code FLOW 3D was used to numerically model the flows of Mangla Spillway. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are used in FLOW 3D to numerically model the turbulent flows. The study results indicated that the developed model can simulate the submerged spillway flows as it computed the flow parameters with an acceptable error of up to 6%. Moreover, air concentration computed by model near spillway chute bed was 3% which raised to more than 6% after the installation of ramp on aerator which showed that developed model is also capable of evaluating the performance of submerged spillway aerator.

Aim: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is present in Bangladesh, and various control measures have been taken to flatten the epidemic curve. Due to the current demographic distribution in Bangladesh, young adults comprise almost one-third of the total population of the country. Therefore, their precautionary behavior is very important to ensure the success of preventive policies. This exploratory study examined the differences in the adoption of precautionary behaviors among young adults, and estimated and compared the predictors of precautionary behavior adoption among young adults living in the capital city Dhaka and a nearby district, Tangail. Subject and methods: A total of 350 respondents from each district participated in the study. ANOVA and two-sample t-tests were utilized to detect differences in precautionary behavior across demographic groups of young adults, and quantile regression modeling was used to find the predictors of adopting precautionary behaviors and to compare these predictors between the two districts. Results: Individuals who had a postgraduate education and had good mental health tended to show better precautionary behaviors in Dhaka. Female respondents from Tangail who had no psychological distress took precautionary behaviors more often than their male counterparts. However, no significant differences in the adoption of precautionary behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among young adults were found between the two districts. Better self-control ability, higher education and good mental health emerged as factors that significantly shaped the precautionary behaviors of young adults in this study. Conclusion: Having better knowledge did not ensure better adoption of precautionary behaviors among the participants. In effect, the government’s strong intervention to keep people maintaining social distance and a strict lockdown in severely affected areas are probable immediate solutions.

China's recent success in mediating a reconciliation agreement between Palestinian organizations Hamas and Fatah is a significant milestone in its role as a global peace mediator. The Beijing Declaration on Ending Division and Strengthening Palestinian National Unity, signed after intensive negotiations, demonstrates China's diplomatic approach and use of soft power to impact global peace initiatives. China's impartiality, economic influence, and increasing political power have allowed it to effectively mediate in conflicts where other countries may be seen as unreliable. The agreement between Hamas and Fatah establishes a temporary national unity administration and confirms the Palestine Liberation Organization as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. This development has the potential to alter the dynamics of the Middle East and facilitate more cohesive discussions with Israel and other global actors. China's involvement in mediating this accord reflects its dedication to establishing itself as a reliable global leader promoting peace and stability. [Extracted from the article]

Kazakhstan recently chaired the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and hosted the 24th summit of the Council of Heads of State. During its tenure, Kazakhstan achieved significant advancements and hosted numerous events focused on regional cooperation and addressing global challenges. The chairmanship resulted in the adoption of 60 strategic documents, including agreements on anti-drug strategies, economic cooperation, environmental protection, and energy development. Kazakhstan also emphasized expanding international partnerships and saw dynamic growth in trade and economic cooperation among SCO member states. Cultural and humanitarian initiatives were also prioritized, fostering mutual understanding and cooperation. The chairmanship has now been passed to China for the 2024-2025 term. [Extracted from the article]

Software testing is an activity conducted to test the software under test. It has two approaches: manual testing and automation testing. Automation testing is an approach of software testing in which programming scripts are written to automate the process of testing. There are some software development projects under development phase for which automated testing is suitable to use and other requires manual testing. It depends on factors like project requirements nature, team which is working on the project, technology on which software is developing and intended audience that may influence the suitability of automated testing for certain software development project. In this paper we have developed machine learning model for prediction of automated testing adoption. We have used chi-square test for finding factors’ correlation and PART classifier for model development. Accuracy of our proposed model is 93.1624%.

Seagrasses and bare sediment represent alternative stable states, with sediment resuspension being a key driver of system stability via the Seagrass–Sediment–Light (SSL) feedback. We explore the SSL feedback by quantifying the sediment stabilization by seagrass, and using these measurements to calculate under which conditions seagrass ends up in a turbid environment. We quantified in‐situ sediment resuspension velocity thresholds (ucr) for Zostera marinagrowing in medium to fine sand, using a field flume inducing near‐bed wave motion. ucrwas determined for full length shoots, shoots clipped to 0.08 m, and removed shoots. We found that rhizomes did not influence ucrof the top sediment layer. Overall, ucrwas linearly related to blade area, which became independent for sediment type when normalizing ucrfor the resuspension threshold after shoot removal. Comparing measured ucragainst natural wave conditions showed that the seagrass meadow at the study site is currently stable. Exploring the effects of changing hydrodynamic conditions revealed that effects of increasing storminess has limited influence on sediment resuspension and thus the SSL‐feedback. Increasing mean wind velocity had a stronger influence on SSL‐feedback dynamics by causing more frequent exceedance of ucr. The response of seagrasses to increasing wind pressure depends on bay topography. A fully exposed Z. marinameadow under low initial turbidity pressure trended toward bistability, as turbidity pressure increased mainly on bare sediments. The study site and a fully exposed Z. marinameadow under high initial turbidity pressure saw an increase in turbidity across all blade areas.

In this paper, our aim is to consider the new class of log-convex fuzzy-interval-valued function known as log-s-convex fuzzy-interval-valued functions (log-s-convex fuzzy-IVFs). By this concept, we have introduced Hermite–Hadamard inequalities (HH-inequalities) by means of fuzzy order relation. This fuzzy order relation is defined level-wise through Kulisch–Miranker order relation defined on interval space. Moreover, some new Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér inequalities (HH–Fejér-inequalities) and Jensen’s inequalities via log-s-convex fuzzy-IVFs are also established and verified with the support of useful examples. Some special cases are also discussed which can be viewed as applications of fuzzy-interval HH-inequalities. The concepts and approaches of this paper may be the starting point for further research in this area.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), especially quadcopter is widely used in search and rescue, mapping, surveillance and infrastructure inspection. The quadcopter's ability to fly outdoor and return-to-home is important as it simplifies the quadcopter operation and reduces the possibilities of the quadcopter suffering damages and loss. This work proposes a system for a quadcopter performing landing operation on a moving landing platform. This system is based on coordinates of both quadcopter and the moving landing platform using Global Positioning System (GPS) and feedback control using radio frequency communication. From the GPS inputs, the system identifies the distance and yaw angle between these two points and lands on the moving platform without pilot assistance during the landing sequences. The results show that the accuracy of landing on a moving platform based on the performance of the GPS used was within the radius of 2 metres from its target landing point. This paper contributes to the advancement of quadcopter precision landing through developing methods, which use low-cost equipment without compromising the accuracy of the process. Another contribution in this paper shows the ability and accuracy of the quadcopter to execute precision landing on a moving platform without using complex image processing techniques or a high capability computer on the quadcopter, to achieve a real-time UAV navigation.

A new generalized integral identity involving first order differentiable functions is obtained. Using this identity as an auxiliary result, we then obtain some new refinements of Simpson type inequalities using a new class called as strongly (s, m)-convex functions of higher order of σ>0. We also discuss some interesting applications of the obtained results in the theory of means. In last we present applications of the obtained results in obtaining Simpson-like quadrature formula.

Aim: Bangladesh has made notable progress on many health indicators. However, out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare costs continue to burden patients and their families as the need for public spending in the health sector grows. This article examines the effects of selected variables on OOP healthcare expenditure which have not previously been well researched. Subject and methods: Data from the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2010/2011(n= 4025) was analyzed. This study applied the double-hurdle model, the Tobit Model, and the truncated regression model to analyze the effects of selected independent variables on OOP healthcare expenditure. Results: The presence of chronic illness, or any symptoms of illness, make people spend more on healthcare. People tend to expend more on those healthcare service providers who provide sufficient consultation time. If the healthcare service provider is chosen because of better treatment quality, people will pay more for the service. The study also showed that the time needed to reach the service provider and the waiting time to be treated by the service provider have a significant positive relationship with OOP healthcare expenditure. Conclusion: The desire for a healthy life motivates people to spend money on healthcare within or beyond their ability. People, in general, want to live healthy throughout their lifetime. Thus, the demand for seeking better healthcare service is inelastic in terms of income and price. These seemingly inevitable and high OOP payments are posing an economic burden for the patients and their families. An optimized payment policy can enhance the welfare of both the patients and the service providers.

The study deals with the green and eco-friendly synthesis and characterization of cobalt oxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Citrus medicaplant. The crystalline nature and functional groups analysis of cobalt oxide Nps was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and diffused reflectance infra-red spectroscopy respectively. The band gap of the Nps was calculated using Tauc plot. Scanning microscope analysis was carried out to get an insight to the structural morphology of the catalyst. The catalyst was found to be very active for the degradation of methyl orange dye using a very small amount of catalyst (0.006 g) using ultra violet radiation source. Approximately, 90% of the dye (Initial Conc. 10 mg L−1) was degraded in 60 min at natural pH (6.5). The dye degradation increased with increase in pH of the solution, due to the enhanced production of OH radicals, at higher pH values. Different experimental parameters like catalyst amount, agitation speed, initial pH of the solution, initial concentration of dye and recycling of the catalyst were varied to test the performance of the catalyst.

The recent visit of Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif to China has strengthened the relationship between Pakistan and China and reaffirmed their commitment to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The visit included meetings with top Chinese leaders and focused on enhancing economic cooperation, addressing security concerns, and exploring new avenues for collaboration. The visit revitalized the CPEC initiative, with agreements and MoUs signed for the second phase of CPEC, which includes five new corridors aimed at addressing specific areas of development. The visit also emphasized cultural and educational exchanges, as well as security cooperation and regional connectivity. Overall, the visit has set the stage for a brighter and more prosperous future for both countries. [Extracted from the article]

China's economy is showing exceptional resilience, adaptability, and innovative prowess in the global economic landscape of 2024. Despite challenges such as demographic shifts and global trade volatilities, China continues to exhibit significant momentum, reshaping global economic relations. The theories of China's diminishing consumption, the peak of its rise, and the stagnation or retrogression of its reforms are refuted by data, highlighting the resilience and forward momentum of China's economy. China's strategic initiatives, such as expanding visa-free travel and enhancing international flight connectivity, have revitalized the tourism sector and demonstrated global confidence in the Chinese market. The shift towards digital, green, and health-related sectors, along with a focus on technological self-reliance and innovation, further stimulate consumption and contribute to sustained growth. China's agile policy environment, proactive reform measures, and commitment to technological innovation and global economic integration challenge the narrative of economic reform stagnation. The "dual circulation" strategy, harmonizing domestic and international economic cycles, showcases China's dynamic approach to reform and reinforces its position as a vital and dynamic participant in the world economy. China's commitment to technological independence and international collaboration sets a new paradigm for shared growth and mutual advancement, shaping a collaborative and thriving global economic future. [Extracted from the article]

Three-dimensional (3D) porous carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) scaffolds were successfully prepared using polyurethane (PU) replication technique. Two sets of porous scaffolds were prepared using as-synthesized and as-calcined CHA powder as the main component of the slurry. The effect of the condition of starting material was investigated in terms of structure, phase purity, crystallinity and morphology of the fabricated porous scaffolds. Regardless of the condition of starting material used, the porous scaffolds fabricated was single phase B-type CHA and free of secondary phases. Interestingly, scaffolds made of as-calcined CHA powder (SC scaffolds) showed a smoother surface and more solidified struts when compared to as-synthesized CHA powder (SA scaffolds). This is attributed to the state of semi-crystalline phase of the as-calcined powder being amorphous phase. SC scaffold was found to be better scaffold with respect to handling, compaction strength and microstructure with better strut properties.

China's response to the joint statement issued by the United States, Japan, and South Korea highlights its commitment to peace and regional cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. China emphasizes the importance of resolving differences through dialogue and consultation, without interference from non-regional countries. China's vision for the region is characterized by peace, stability, and collaboration, in contrast to the US's more combative approach. China also opposes the formation of exclusionary blocs and advocates for inclusivity and multipolar cooperation. China's stance on the Taiwan question is rooted in the one-China principle, which it sees as crucial for maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait. Overall, China's response reflects its larger vision for the region and its commitment to a fair and equitable global order based on mutual respect and shared benefits. [Extracted from the article]

China's recent Central Conference on Work Relating to Foreign Affairs, led by President Xi Jinping, has outlined the nation's achievements and set the tone for its future engagement on the international stage. China's diplomatic strategies are rooted in principles, adaptable to change, and aimed at navigating the complexities of the evolving global landscape. The country's core interests, including maintaining the authority of the Communist Party and preserving sovereignty, shape its foreign policy. China's diplomatic trajectory is focused on promoting world peace, common development, and constructing a community with a shared future for mankind. The country's emphasis on confidence, self-reliance, openness, and inclusiveness demonstrates its global vision and commitment to collective well-being. China's active participation in global governance, as well as initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative, reflect its commitment to addressing shared challenges and fostering global cooperation. The country's dedication to universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization reinforces its rejection of unilateralism and protectionism. China's external work is guided by Xi Jinping's Thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and Xi Jinping's Thoughts on Diplomacy, emphasizing innovation and balancing progress with stability. Overall, China aims to shape a future marked by peace, prosperity, and progress for all. [Extracted from the article]

Kazakhstan's 32nd Independence Day is an opportunity to reflect on the country's remarkable journey in foreign policy and diplomacy since gaining sovereignty in 1991. Under the leadership of Presidents Nursultan Nazarbayev and Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Kazakhstan has achieved political stability, economic growth, and global recognition. The country's multi-vector foreign policy approach, commitment to nuclear disarmament, and active participation in regional and global organizations demonstrate its dedication to peace, stability, and cooperation. Kazakhstan's partnerships with major global players and its efforts in economic diversification and attracting foreign investment further contribute to its role as a responsible and influential actor on the world stage. [Extracted from the article]

Three-dimensional (3D) carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) porous scaffolds were successfully fabricated via polyurethane (PU) replication technique. Two sets of porous CHA scaffolds were prepared using: 1) as-synthesized CHA slurry (SCHA) and (2) as-synthesized CHA slurry with the addition of sintering aid, magnesium hydroxide (SCHA+Mg (OH)2). The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of the addition of sintering aid in the fabrication of porous CHA scaffolds in terms of phase purity, crystallinity, architecture, and mechanical properties. Result suggested that both of the fabricated porous scaffolds remained as single phase B-type CHA and free of secondary phases. Interestingly, the use of Mg (OH)2 as sintering aid led to better internal architecture resulted in smoother surface and less micro-cracks/pores formation on the struts since the struts was found to be more densified as compared to SCHA scaffolds. In terms of mechanical properties, SCHA+ Mg (OH)2 scaffolds showed higher compressive strength, indicating that the use of Mg (OH)2 had successfully reduced the sintering temperature and improve the densification of porous scaffolds. Thus, SCHA+ Mg (OH)2 scaffolds was found to be a better choice of scaffold with respect to its handling, compaction strength and architecture with improve strut properties.

Increasing soil organic matter (SOM) contents improve the resilience of productive soil for future sustainability particularly in poor soil (<1% SOM). This study sought to elucidate how tillage and N fertilizer sources affect soil bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total N (TN) in 0‐ to 20‐cm soil depth. Treatments included minimum till (MT), conventional till (CT), deep till (DT), and twelve N treatments (60 and 120 kg urea N ha−1, 10 and 20 Mg farmyard manure [FYM] ha−1, 10 Mg soybean residue [SR] ha−1and their combinations along with a control). The experiment was designed in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement. Soil bulk density increased for DT toward the end of the experiment than CT or MT. The sequestration rates of SOC of MT was 22% higher than DT. The FYM retuned more SOC than SR, however SR returned more TN than FYM. Application of FYM as well as SR sequestered more C than urea or control. Conclusively, SOC returned was increased with 10 Mg FYM ha−1along with 30 kg urea N ha−1but TN with 10 Mg SR ha−1in CT plots. This practice can therefore increase soil quality and productivity, and thus is considered a sustainable approach for soils deficient in organic matter. Core IdeasMinimum tillage improved C stock than shallow or deep tillage.The addition of urea increased SOC contents in SR plots than FYM.C Stocks in FYM and SR fertilized plots was about 3‐ to 4‐fold greater than control.Soybean residue build N stock principally in less plowed plots. Minimum tillage improved C stock than shallow or deep tillage. The addition of urea increased SOC contents in SR plots than FYM. C Stocks in FYM and SR fertilized plots was about 3‐ to 4‐fold greater than control. Soybean residue build N stock principally in less plowed plots.

Nanosized, magnetically separable bismuth ferrite (BFO) nanoparticles, pertaining a crystallite size in the range of 14–15 nm were prepared via facile sol-gel technique. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The product was explored for the photocatalytic mineralization of rhodamine B (RB) dye in aqueous medium. The effect of different investigational parameters such as amount of photocatalyst, initial dye concentration and irradiation time on the photocatalytic degradation of RB was studied. The results reveal that the catalyst shows good degrading ability under normal pH and visible light conditions. BFO nanoparticles demonstrated a strong absorption ability in the visible-light region, which lead to efficient photocatalytic degradation of RB dye The reaction system was heterogeneous in nature in which the catalyst can be separated by a normal magnet.

The main objective of this article is to establish some new refinements of Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities via coordinated preinvex functions and coordinated s-preinvex functions. These refinements involve k-Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals.

In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness solutions of trifunction equilibrium problems using the generalized relaxed $$\alpha $$α-monotonicity in Banach spaces. By using the generalized f-projection operator, a hybrid iteration scheme is presented to find a common element of the solutions of a system of trifunction equilibrium problems and the set of fixed points of an infinite family of quasi-$$\phi $$ϕ-nonexpansive mappings. Moreover, the strong convergence of our new proposed iterative method under generalized relaxed $$\alpha $$α-monotonicity is considered.

Some new refinements of Hermite–Hadamard type inequalities are obtained. These results involve some different types of fractional integrals. Special cases which are naturally included in the main results of the paper are also discussed.

The article discusses Azerbaijan's participation in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a network of infrastructure projects connecting countries through road, rail, and maritime routes. Azerbaijan's strategic location as a crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a key player in international connectivity and cooperation. By participating in the BRI, Azerbaijan aims to expand its regional influence, promote economic development, and diversify its energy export routes. The article highlights the potential for economic expansion, job creation, and increased trade between Azerbaijan and China. It also emphasizes Azerbaijan's commitment to sustainability and cultural exchange through the BRI's focus on eco-friendly practices and people-to-people bonds. Overall, Azerbaijan's active participation in the BRI positions it as a regional transit hub and strengthens its geopolitical importance. [Extracted from the article]

President Xi unveiled plans to further develop the BRI's three-dimensional connectivity network. Chinese President Xi Jinping's address at the third Belt and Road International Cooperation Forum on October 18 carried immense significance as it marked the decade-long journey of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). [Extracted from the article]

The Constitution of the country not only consolidates the nationhood of the Kazakh people but also reflects the symbol of political and democratic perfection. Kazakhstan, a nation nestled at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, has been commemorating its Constitution Day on August 30 for nearly three decades. This day enables the Kazakh people to reiterate their support to the state and reaffirm their commitment to the constitution as it demands. [Extracted from the article]

Waste materials such as Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA) is a possible alternative to reduce disposal activities and this study is to investigate suitability of PFA by conducting three laboratory tests namely unconfined compression test (UCT), shear box test (SBT) and plate load test. Both UCT and SBT to determine the optimum configuration of PFA that able to achieve the highest percentage of strength of PFA-cement-sand column, meanwhile plate load test is to study the effectiveness of using PFA-cement-sand column in the aspect of the bearing capacity for soft soil. In this study, it was investigated that by using the right configuration of PFA, cement and sand, it can produce a good product of sand column for the purpose of road construction. The highest shear strength was recorded is 93.51 kPa and the proportion of materials is 12%: 60: 28% (ratio of cement: PFA: sand).

Pakistan's involvement propelled Morocco's struggle for independence into the international arena and rejuvinated the nationalist sentiments within Morocco. The diplomatic ties between Morocco and Pakistan, established in the 1950s following Pakistan's independence, have remained consistently strong and pragmatic. Despite Morocco's delayed recognition of Bangladesh's sovereignty in 1973, their relationship continued to deepen, with Pakistan supporting Morocco on the Western Sahara issue. [Extracted from the article]

By tackling the underlying drivers of radicalization, the SCO member states aspire to establish a stable and secure environment for their citizens. Through the New Delhi Declaration, the summit effectively conveyed a persistent message of unity in tackling global challenges and showcased the SCO's unwavering commitment to preserving peace and harmony. The month of July witnessed a significant milestone in international diplomacy with the 23rd meeting of the heads of member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). [Extracted from the article]

The two founding documents of CICA, the Declaration on the Principles Guiding Relations between the CICA Member States and the Almaty Act, were adopted in Almaty, Kazakhstan. CICA with a vision of building a peaceful landscape CICA's primary objective is to enhance cooperation and ensure peace, security, and stability in Asia. Kazakhstan's Important Role Chairmanship Kazakhstan's significant role in hosting the CICA Secretariat further highlights its commitment to the success of CICA. [Extracted from the article]

In this modern era, smart home appliance control has quickly penetrated the market. This study explains the design and simulation results of a 2-in-1 humidifier + air purifier control system based on fuzzy rules. The rule block obtains three hard shell input values from air quality, humidity, and water level sensor, divides the sermon space into sections of each individual section with two (2) fuzzy variables, activates rules, and extends the singleton output value to match the output variables individually. Two defuzzifiers are arranged to adjust two actuators: the speed of the humidifier and the speed of the air purifier. The results obtained by MATLAB simulation are consistent with the proposed model, and accurate values are obtained. This study will expand the capabilities of fuzzy logic-based control systems in the process of systematization and potential returns. Using MATLAB Simulink R2016b, the design goals are achieved.

Inspired by some growth conditions used in convex and nonconvex optimization and given a bifunction defined on a nonempty closed subset of a real Hilbert space, we design a Proximal Point Method for finding its equilibria points. Then, we investigate the convergence of this scheme under a regularity metric type assumption and state other metric regularity conditions. The purpose of this short article is mainly to launch new ideas and bring some novelty in this field.

The main objective of this paper is to extend the notion of harmonic h-convex functions on rectangle, which is called as two dimensional harmonic h-convex function. We obtain some new inequalities for two dimensional harmonic h-convex function. Several new and known special cases which are inherent in our main results are also discussed. Results obtained in this paper continue to hold for these cases.

AbstractClimate changes, such as global warming, changes in precipitation patterns, shrinkage of glaciers, and increases in mean sea levels, are occurring worldwide. Mean sea level rises caused by the thermal expansion of oceanic water and the melting of glaciers at high rates are a potential source of flooding in coastal cities. This paper describes the extent and depth of flooding in a region of Karachi City, Pakistan that lies within the catchment area of the Hub River. Flooding scenarios under present conditions and future scenarios of mean sea level rises expected from global warming were simulated. The Institute of Industrial Sciences Distributed Hydrological Model was employed to calculate flood flow and depth. The model was calibrated and validated for the 2007 and 1977 rainstorms that occurred at Hub Bridge and Bund Murad Khan, respectively. The simulated results agree well with the observed river stages. Flood inundation maps for 1977, 2007, 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100 were prepared. The results on future scenarios reveal that mean sea level rise in the next hundred years will not increase flood inundation depths within the simulated watershed boundary of the Hub River. Nevertheless, these findings should be interpreted with caution given that coastal flooding due to changes in future precipitation patterns and tsunamis were not included in the simulations.

This paper explores the fundamental issues in procurement of public private partnership (PPP) projects for transport sector infrastructure in the public sector in Pakistan. The authors have conducted research by employing archival and qualitative case study analysis. With the help of case studies from public sector organisations in Pakistan, the paper discusses the procurement of PPP transport infrastructure projects in Pakistan. This paper has identified the various factors affecting choice of procurement and the issues in its implementation in the public sector organisations involved with managing transport infrastructure projects in Pakistan. This paper has depicted a picture of the ongoing processes and practice of procurement of transport sector projects in public sector in Pakistan including the issues and barriers of procuring PPP projects in transport sector in public sector of Pakistan.