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Asthma and allergic rhinitis are two of the most common health problems worldwide and can present serious complication during pregnancy. While these diseases may improve, remain unchanged, or become exacerbated during pregnancy, they are frequently under-diagnosed and under-treated. The inflammatory processes involved in asthma and allergic rhinitis are superimposed on the normal respiratory changes of pregnancy, making early intervention crucial. Recognition of factors that can aggravate asthma, implementation and adherence to treatment guidelines, and diligent follow-up are important in midwifery management. Patient education is particularly important for prevention of asthma exacerbations. With careful control of asthma and allergic rhinitis, if present, excellent obstetrical outcomes can be expected.

Arthritis is an inflammation of one or more joints producing pain, swelling and potentially permanent disability. While the cause can be infectious, autoimmune or traumatic, arthritis often has an unclear aetiology and presents challenges for management during pregnancy. A common problem that can occur in many different forms, arthritis is often referred to as a rheumatic disease and may improve, remain unchanged or exacerbate during pregnancy. Management and treatment that could be effective in treating arthritis may need to be evaluated and managed differently during pregnancy due to fetal safety concerns.