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54 results on '"Njølstad, Inger"'

1. GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification

Author: Lagou, Vasiliki, Jiang, Longda, Ulrich, Anna, Zudina, Liudmila, González, Karla Sofia Gutiérrez, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Faggian, Alessia, Maina, Jared G., Chen, Shiqian, Todorov, Petar V., Sharapov, Sodbo, David, Alessia, Marullo, Letizia, Mägi, Reedik, Rujan, Roxana-Maria, Ahlqvist, Emma, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Gao, Ηe, Εvangelou, Εvangelos, Benyamin, Beben, Scott, Robert A., Isaacs, Aaron, Zhao, Jing Hua, Willems, Sara M., Johnson, Toby, Gieger, Christian, Grallert, Harald, Meisinger, Christa, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Strawbridge, Rona J., Goel, Anuj, Rybin, Denis, Albrecht, Eva, Jackson, Anne U., Stringham, Heather M., Corrêa, Ivan R., Farber-Eger, Eric, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Uitterlinden, André G., Munroe, Patricia B., Brown, Morris J., Schmidberger, Julian, Holmen, Oddgeir, Thorand, Barbara, Hveem, Kristian, Wilsgaard, Tom, Mohlke, Karen L., Wang, Zhe, Shmeliov, Aleksey, den Hoed, Marcel, Loos, Ruth J. F., Kratzer, Wolfgang, Haenle, Mark, Koenig, Wolfgang, Boehm, Bernhard O., Tan, Tricia M., Tomas, Alejandra, Salem, Victoria, Barroso, Inês, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Boehnke, Michael, Florez, Jose C., Hamsten, Anders, Watkins, Hugh, Njølstad, Inger, Wichmann, H.-Erich, Caulfield, Mark J., Khaw, Kay-Tee, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Hofman, Albert, Wareham, Nicholas J., Langenberg, Claudia, Whitfield, John B., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant, Scapoli, Chiara, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Elliott, Paul, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Stefansson, Kari, Brittain, Evan L., McCarthy, Mark I., Froguel, Philippe, Sexton, Patrick M., Wootten, Denise, Groop, Leif, Dupuis, Josée, Meigs, James B., Deganutti, Giuseppe, Demirkan, Ayse, Pers, Tune H., Reynolds, Christopher A., Aulchenko, Yurii S., Kaakinen, Marika A., Jones, Ben, and Prokopenko, Inga
Abstract: Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on ‘around the clock’ glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals. Of these, 44 loci are new for glycemic traits. Regulatory, glycosylation and metagenomic annotations highlight ileum and colon tissues, indicating an underappreciated role of the gastrointestinal tract in controlling blood glucose. Functional follow-up and molecular dynamics simulations of lower frequency coding variants in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), a type 2 diabetes treatment target, reveal that optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy will benefit from tailored genetic stratification. We also provide evidence from Mendelian randomization that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Our investigation yields new insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and pathways for treatment stratification.
Published: 2023
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2. Sex-specific time trends in incident atrial fibrillation and the contribution of risk factors: the Tromsø Study 1994–2016

Author: Sharashova, Ekaterina, Gerdts, Eva, Ball, Jocasta, Espnes, Hilde, Jacobsen, Bjarne K, Kildal, Simon, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Njølstad, Inger, Rosengren, Annika, Schirmer, Henrik, Wilsgaard, Tom, and Løchen, Maja-Lisa
Abstract: Graphical AbstractFrom 1994 to 2016 atrial fibrillation incidence rates decreased in women and increased following a reverse U-shape in men. Reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in women and increase in body mass index in men had the largest contribution to the trends. These findings provide further knowledge in the field of sex-specific risk stratification and personalised prevention of atrial fibrillation in clinical practice.
Published: 2023
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3. Joint effect of myocardial infarction and obesity on the risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study

Author: Sejrup, Joakim K., Tøndel, Birgitte G., Morelli, Vania M., Løchen, Maja‐Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Wilsgaard, Tom, Hansen, John‐Bjarne, and Brækkan, Sigrid K.
Abstract: Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Obesity is a recognized risk factor for both MI and VTE. Whether obesity further increases the risk of VTE in MI patients is scarcely investigated. To study the joint effect of MI and obesity on the risk of VTE. Study participants (n= 29 410) were recruited from three surveys of the Tromsø Study (conducted in 1994–1995, 2001, and 2007–2008) and followed up through 2014. All incident MI and VTE cases during follow‐up were recorded. Cox regression models with MI as a time‐dependent variable were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of VTE (adjusted for age and sex) by combinations of MI exposure and obesity status. Joint effects were assessed by calculating relative excess risk and attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction. During a median of 19.6 years of follow‐up, 2090 study participants experienced an MI and 784 experienced a VTE. Among those with MI, 55 developed a subsequent VTE, yielding an overall incidence rate (IR) of VTE of 5.3 per 1000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1–6.9). In the combined exposure group (MI+/Obesity+), the IR was 11.3 per 1000 person‐years, and the adjusted HR indicated a 3‐fold increased risk of VTE (HR 3.16, 95% CI: 1.99–4.99) compared to the reference group (MI−/Obesity−). The corresponding AP was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.17–0.74). The combination of MI and obesity yielded a supra‐additive effect on VTE risk of which 46% of the VTE events were attributed to the interaction.
Published: 2022
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4. Joint effect of myocardial infarction and obesity on the risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study

Author: Sejrup, Joakim K., Tøndel, Birgitte G., Morelli, Vania M., Løchen, Maja‐Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Wilsgaard, Tom, Hansen, John‐Bjarne, and Brækkan, Sigrid K.
Abstract: Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Obesity is a recognized risk factor for both MI and VTE. Whether obesity further increases the risk of VTE in MI patients is scarcely investigated.
Published: 2022
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5. SMIM1absence is associated with reduced energy expenditure and excess weight

Author: Stefanucci, Luca, Moslemi, Camous, Tomé, Ana R., Virtue, Samuel, Bidault, Guillaume, Gleadall, Nicholas S., Watson, Laura P.E., Kwa, Jing E., Burden, Frances, Farrow, Samantha, Banasik, Karina, Bay, Jakob, Boldsen, Jens Kjærgaard, Brodersen, Thorsten, Brunak, Søren, Burgdorf, Kristoffer, Chalmer, Mona Ameri, Didriksen, Maria, Dinh, Khoa Manh, Dowsett, Joseph, Erikstrup, Christian, Feenstra, Bjarke, Geller, Frank, Gudbjartsson, Daniel, Hansen, Thomas Folkmann, Hindhede, Lotte, Hjalgrim, Henrik, Jacobsen, Rikke Louise, Jemec, Gregor, Jensen, Bitten Aagaard, Kaspersen, Katrine, Kjerulff, Bertram Dalskov, Kogelman, Lisette, Hørup Larsen, Margit Anita, Louloudis, Ioannis, Lundgaard, Agnete, Susan, Mikkelsen, Christina, Nissen, Ioanna, Nyegaard, Mette, Ostrowski, Sisse Rye, Pedersen, Ole Birger, Henriksen, Alexander Pil, Rohde, Palle Duun, Rostgaard, Klaus, Schwinn, Michael, Stefansson, Kari, Stefánsson, Hreinn, Sørensen, Erik, þorsteinsdóttir, Unnur, Thørner, Lise Wegner, Bruun, Mie Topholm, Ullum, Henrik, Werge, Thomas, Westergaard, David, Chen, Ji, Chen, Ji, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Marenne, Gaëlle, Varshney, Arushi, Corbin, Laura J., Luan, Jian’an, Willems, Sara M., Wu, Ying, Zhang, Xiaoshuai, Horikoshi, Momoko, Boutin, Thibaud S., Mägi, Reedik, Waage, Johannes, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Katie Chan, Kei Hang, Yao, Jie, Anasanti, Mila D., Chu, Audrey Y., Claringbould, Annique, Heikkinen, Jani, Hong, Jaeyoung, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huo, Shaofeng, Kaakinen, Marika A., Louie, Tin, März, Winfried, Moreno-Macias, Hortensia, Ndungu, Anne, Nelson, Sarah C., Nolte, Ilja M., North, Kari E., Raulerson, Chelsea K., Ray, Debashree, Rohde, Rebecca, Rybin, Denis, Schurmann, Claudia, Sim, Xueling, Southam, Loz, Stewart, Isobel D., Wang, Carol A., Wang, Yujie, Wu, Peitao, Zhang, Weihua, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Appel, Emil V.R., Bielak, Lawrence F., Brody, Jennifer A., Burtt, Noël P., Cabrera, Claudia P., Cade, Brian E., Chai, Jin Fang, Chai, Xiaoran, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chen, Brian H., Chitrala, Kumaraswamy Naidu, Chiu, Yen-Feng, de Haan, Hugoline G., Delgado, Graciela E., Demirkan, Ayse, Duan, Qing, Engmann, Jorgen, Fatumo, Segun A., Gayán, Javier, Giulianini, Franco, Gong, Jung Ho, Gustafsson, Stefan, Hai, Yang, Hartwig, Fernando P., He, Jing, Heianza, Yoriko, Huang, Tao, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Jensen, Richard A., Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kentistou, Katherine A., Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Kooner, Ishminder K., Lai, Shuiqing, Lange, Leslie A., Langefeld, Carl D., Lauzon, Marie, Li, Man, Ligthart, Symen, Liu, Jun, Loh, Marie, Long, Jirong, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mangino, Massimo, Marzi, Carola, Montasser, May E., Nag, Abhishek, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Noce, Damia, Noordam, Raymond, Pistis, Giorgio, Preuss, Michael, Raffield, Laura, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Rich, Stephen S., Robertson, Neil R., Rueedi, Rico, Ryan, Kathleen, Sanna, Serena, Saxena, Richa, Schraut, Katharina E., Sennblad, Bengt, Setoh, Kazuya, Smith, Albert V., Southam, Lorraine, Sparsø, Thomas, Strawbridge, Rona J., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tan, Jingyi, Trompet, Stella, van den Akker, Erik, van der Most, Peter J., Verweij, Niek, Vogel, Mandy, Wang, Heming, Wang, Chaolong, Wang, Nan, Warren, Helen R., Wen, Wanqing, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Andrew R., Xie, Tian, Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Zhao, Wei, Amin, Najaf, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Astrup, Arne, Bakker, Stephan J.L., Baldassarre, Damiano, Beekman, Marian, Bergman, Richard N., Bertoni, Alain, Blüher, Matthias, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bornstein, Stefan R., Bowden, Donald W., Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Chang, Yi Cheng, de Geus, Eco J.C., Dehghan, Abbas, Du, Shufa, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Farmaki, Aliki Eleni, Frånberg, Mattias, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gao, Yutang, Gjesing, Anette P., Goel, Anuj, Han, Sohee, Hartman, Catharina A., Herder, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Hsieh, Chang-Hsun, Hsueh, Willa A., Ichihara, Sahoko, Igase, Michiya, Ikram, M. Arfan, Johnson, W. Craig, Jørgensen, Marit E., Joshi, Peter K., Kalyani, Rita R., Kandeel, Fouad R., Katsuya, Tomohiro, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kiess, Wieland, Kolcic, Ivana, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lam, Kelvin, Lawlor, Deborah A., Lee, Nanette R., Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Li, Honglan, Lin, Shih-Yi, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Jianjun, Lorenzo, Carlos, Matsubara, Tatsuaki, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Mingrone, Geltrude, Mooijaart, Simon, Moon, Sanghoon, Nabika, Toru, Nadkarni, Girish N., Nadler, Jerry L., Nelis, Mari, Neville, Matt J., Norris, Jill M., Ohyagi, Yasumasa, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polasek, Ozren, Qi, Qibin, Raven, Dennis, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex, Rivideneira, Fernando, Roll, Kathryn, Rudan, Igor, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sattar, Naveed, Schürmann, Annette, Shi, Jinxiu, Stringham, Heather M., Taylor, Kent D., Teslovich, Tanya M., Thuesen, Betina, Timmers, Paul R.H.J., Tremoli, Elena, Tsai, Michael Y., Uitterlinden, Andre, van Dam, Rob M., van Heemst, Diana, van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid, Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Vangipurapu, Jagadish, Vestergaard, Henrik, Wang, Tao, Willems van Dijk, Ko, Zemunik, Tatijana, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Adair, Linda S., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos Alberto, Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., An, Ping, Aviles-Santa, Larissa, Becker, Diane M., Beilin, Lawrence J., Bergmann, Sven, Bisgaard, Hans, Black, Corri, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böhm, Bernhard O., Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boomsma, D.I., Bottinger, Erwin P., Buchanan, Thomas A., Canouil, Mickaël, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Ida Chen, Yii-Der, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Collins, Francis S., Correa, Adolfo, Cucca, Francesco, Janaka de Silva, H., Dedoussis, George, Elmståhl, Sölve, Evans, Michele K., Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrucci, Luigi, Florez, Jose C., Franks, Paul W., Frayling, Timothy M., Froguel, Philippe, Gigante, Bruna, Goodarzi, Mark O., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Grimsgaard, Sameline, Groop, Leif, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guo, Xiuqing, Hamsten, Anders, Hansen, Torben, Hayward, Caroline, Heckbert, Susan R., Horta, Bernardo L., Huang, Wei, Ingelsson, Erik, James, Pankow S., Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta, Jonas, Jost B., Jukema, J. Wouter, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kaplan, Robert, Kardia, Sharon L.R., Kato, Norihiro, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Kim, Bong-Jo, Kivimaki, Mika, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Körner, Antje, Kovacs, Peter, Kuh, Diana, Kumari, Meena, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Launer, Lenore J., Leander, Karin, Li, Huaixing, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia, Liu, Simin, Loos, Ruth J.F., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Mahajan, Anubha, Metspalu, Andres, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Mori, Trevor A., Munroe, Patricia B., Njølstad, Inger, O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ong, Ken K., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N.A., Palmer, Nicholette D., Pedersen, Oluf, Pennell, Craig E., Porteous, David J., Pramstaller, Peter P., Province, Michael A., Psaty, Bruce M., Qi, Lu, Raffel, Leslie J., Rauramaa, Rainer, Redline, Susan, Ridker, Paul M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Saaristo, Timo E., Sandhu, Manjinder, Saramies, Jouko, Schneiderman, Neil, Schwarz, Peter, Scott, Laura J., Selvin, Elizabeth, Sever, Peter, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Slagboom, P. Eline, Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Blair H., Snieder, Harold, Sofer, Tamar, Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Spector, Tim D., Stanton, Alice, Steves, Claire J., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Tabara, Yasuharu, Tai, E. Shyong, Timpson, Nicholas J., Tönjes, Anke, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie, Teresa, Uusitupa, Matti, van der Harst, Pim, van Duijn, Cornelia, Vitart, Veronique, Vollenweider, Peter, Vrijkotte, Tanja G.M., Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wang, Ya X., Wareham, Nick J., Watanabe, Richard M., Watkins, Hugh, Wei, Wen B., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilson, James F., Wong, Tien-Yin, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Xiang, Anny H., Yanek, Lisa R., Yengo, Loïc, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zheng, Wei, Zonderman, Alan B., Rotter, Jerome I., Gloyn, Anna L., McCarthy, Mark I., Dupuis, Josée, Meigs, James B., Scott, Robert A., Prokopenko, Inga, Leong, Aaron, Liu, Ching-Ti, Parker, Stephen C.J., Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Wheeler, Eleanor, Morris, Andrew P., Barroso, Inês, Võsa, Urmo, Burling, Keith, Walker, Lindsay, Ord, John, Barker, Peter, Warner, James, Frary, Amy, Renhstrom, Karola, Ashford, Sofie E., Piper, Jo, Biggs, Gail, Erber, Wendy N., Hoffman, Gary J., Schoenmakers, Nadia, Erikstrup, Christian, Rieneck, Klaus, Dziegiel, Morten H., Ullum, Henrik, Azzu, Vian, Vacca, Michele, Aparicio, Hugo Javier, Hui, Qin, Cho, Kelly, Sun, Yan V., Wilson, Peter W., Bayraktar, Omer A., Vidal-Puig, Antonio, Ostrowski, Sisse R., Astle, William J., Olsson, Martin L., Storry, Jill R., Pedersen, Ole B., Ouwehand, Willem H., Chatterjee, Krishna, Vuckovic, Dragana, and Frontini, Mattia
Abstract: Obesity rates have nearly tripled in the past 50 years, and by 2030 more than 1 billion individuals worldwide are projected to be obese. This creates a significant economic strain due to the associated non-communicable diseases. The root cause is an energy expenditure imbalance, owing to an interplay of lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. Obesity has a polygenic genetic architecture; however, single genetic variants with large effect size are etiological in a minority of cases. These variants allowed the discovery of novel genes and biology relevant to weight regulation and ultimately led to the development of novel specific treatments.
Published: 2024
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6. Treatment target achievement after myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke: cardiovascular risk factors, medication use, and lifestyle: the Tromsø Study 2015–16

Author: Hopstock, Laila A, Morseth, Bente, Cook, Sarah, Eggen, Anne Elise, Grimsgaard, Sameline, Lundblad, Marie W, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, Ellisiv, Nilsen, Amalie, and Njølstad, Inger
Published: 2022
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7. Long-Term Survival, Causes of Death, and Trends in 5-Year Mortality After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Author: Carlsson, Maria, Wilsgaard, Tom, Johnsen, Stein Harald, Johnsen, Liv-Hege, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Published: 2021
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8. The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits

Author: Chen, Ji, Spracklen, Cassandra N., Marenne, Gaëlle, Varshney, Arushi, Corbin, Laura J., Luan, Jian’an, Willems, Sara M., Wu, Ying, Zhang, Xiaoshuai, Horikoshi, Momoko, Boutin, Thibaud S., Mägi, Reedik, Waage, Johannes, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Chan, Kei Hang Katie, Yao, Jie, Anasanti, Mila D., Chu, Audrey Y., Claringbould, Annique, Heikkinen, Jani, Hong, Jaeyoung, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Huo, Shaofeng, Kaakinen, Marika A., Louie, Tin, März, Winfried, Moreno-Macias, Hortensia, Ndungu, Anne, Nelson, Sarah C., Nolte, Ilja M., North, Kari E., Raulerson, Chelsea K., Ray, Debashree, Rohde, Rebecca, Rybin, Denis, Schurmann, Claudia, Sim, Xueling, Southam, Lorraine, Stewart, Isobel D., Wang, Carol A., Wang, Yujie, Wu, Peitao, Zhang, Weihua, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Appel, Emil V. R., Bielak, Lawrence F., Brody, Jennifer A., Burtt, Noël P., Cabrera, Claudia P., Cade, Brian E., Chai, Jin Fang, Chai, Xiaoran, Chang, Li-Ching, Chen, Chien-Hsiun, Chen, Brian H., Chitrala, Kumaraswamy Naidu, Chiu, Yen-Feng, de Haan, Hugoline G., Delgado, Graciela E., Demirkan, Ayse, Duan, Qing, Engmann, Jorgen, Fatumo, Segun A., Gayán, Javier, Giulianini, Franco, Gong, Jung Ho, Gustafsson, Stefan, Hai, Yang, Hartwig, Fernando P., He, Jing, Heianza, Yoriko, Huang, Tao, Huerta-Chagoya, Alicia, Hwang, Mi Yeong, Jensen, Richard A., Kawaguchi, Takahisa, Kentistou, Katherine A., Kim, Young Jin, Kleber, Marcus E., Kooner, Ishminder K., Lai, Shuiqing, Lange, Leslie A., Langefeld, Carl D., Lauzon, Marie, Li, Man, Ligthart, Symen, Liu, Jun, Loh, Marie, Long, Jirong, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Mangino, Massimo, Marzi, Carola, Montasser, May E., Nag, Abhishek, Nakatochi, Masahiro, Noce, Damia, Noordam, Raymond, Pistis, Giorgio, Preuss, Michael, Raffield, Laura, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J., Rich, Stephen S., Robertson, Neil R., Rueedi, Rico, Ryan, Kathleen, Sanna, Serena, Saxena, Richa, Schraut, Katharina E., Sennblad, Bengt, Setoh, Kazuya, Smith, Albert V., Sparsø, Thomas, Strawbridge, Rona J., Takeuchi, Fumihiko, Tan, Jingyi, Trompet, Stella, van den Akker, Erik, van der Most, Peter J., Verweij, Niek, Vogel, Mandy, Wang, Heming, Wang, Chaolong, Wang, Nan, Warren, Helen R., Wen, Wanqing, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Andrew R., Xie, Tian, Zafarmand, Mohammad Hadi, Zhao, Jing-Hua, Zhao, Wei, Amin, Najaf, Arzumanyan, Zorayr, Astrup, Arne, Bakker, Stephan J. L., Baldassarre, Damiano, Beekman, Marian, Bergman, Richard N., Bertoni, Alain, Blüher, Matthias, Bonnycastle, Lori L., Bornstein, Stefan R., Bowden, Donald W., Cai, Qiuyin, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Harry, Chang, Yi Cheng, de Geus, Eco J. C., Dehghan, Abbas, Du, Shufa, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Farmaki, Aliki Eleni, Frånberg, Mattias, Fuchsberger, Christian, Gao, Yutang, Gjesing, Anette P., Goel, Anuj, Han, Sohee, Hartman, Catharina A., Herder, Christian, Hicks, Andrew A., Hsieh, Chang-Hsun, Hsueh, Willa A., Ichihara, Sahoko, Igase, Michiya, Ikram, M. Arfan, Johnson, W. Craig, Jørgensen, Marit E., Joshi, Peter K., Kalyani, Rita R., Kandeel, Fouad R., Katsuya, Tomohiro, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Kiess, Wieland, Kolcic, Ivana, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Läll, Kristi, Lam, Kelvin, Lawlor, Deborah A., Lee, Nanette R., Lemaitre, Rozenn N., Li, Honglan, Lin, Shih-Yi, Lindström, Jaana, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Jianjun, Lorenzo, Carlos, Matsubara, Tatsuaki, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Mingrone, Geltrude, Mooijaart, Simon, Moon, Sanghoon, Nabika, Toru, Nadkarni, Girish N., Nadler, Jerry L., Nelis, Mari, Neville, Matt J., Norris, Jill M., Ohyagi, Yasumasa, Peters, Annette, Peyser, Patricia A., Polasek, Ozren, Qi, Qibin, Raven, Dennis, Reilly, Dermot F., Reiner, Alex, Rivideneira, Fernando, Roll, Kathryn, Rudan, Igor, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sandow, Kevin, Sattar, Naveed, Schürmann, Annette, Shi, Jinxiu, Stringham, Heather M., Taylor, Kent D., Teslovich, Tanya M., Thuesen, Betina, Timmers, Paul R. H. J., Tremoli, Elena, Tsai, Michael Y., Uitterlinden, Andre, van Dam, Rob M., van Heemst, Diana, van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V., Vangipurapu, Jagadish, Vestergaard, Henrik, Wang, Tao, Willems van Dijk, Ko, Zemunik, Tatijana, Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Adair, Linda S., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos Alberto, Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., An, Ping, Aviles-Santa, Larissa, Becker, Diane M., Beilin, Lawrence J., Bergmann, Sven, Bisgaard, Hans, Black, Corri, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Böhm, Bernhard O., Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boomsma, D. I., Bottinger, Erwin P., Buchanan, Thomas A., Canouil, Mickaël, Caulfield, Mark J., Chambers, John C., Chasman, Daniel I., Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Collins, Francis S., Correa, Adolfo, Cucca, Francesco, de Silva, H. Janaka, Dedoussis, George, Elmståhl, Sölve, Evans, Michele K., Ferrannini, Ele, Ferrucci, Luigi, Florez, Jose C., Franks, Paul W., Frayling, Timothy M., Froguel, Philippe, Gigante, Bruna, Goodarzi, Mark O., Gordon-Larsen, Penny, Grallert, Harald, Grarup, Niels, Grimsgaard, Sameline, Groop, Leif, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guo, Xiuqing, Hamsten, Anders, Hansen, Torben, Hayward, Caroline, Heckbert, Susan R., Horta, Bernardo L., Huang, Wei, Ingelsson, Erik, James, Pankow S., Jarvelin, Marjo-Ritta, Jonas, Jost B., Jukema, J. Wouter, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kaplan, Robert, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Kato, Norihiro, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M., Kim, Bong-Jo, Kivimaki, Mika, Koistinen, Heikki A., Kooner, Jaspal S., Körner, Antje, Kovacs, Peter, Kuh, Diana, Kumari, Meena, Kutalik, Zoltan, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A., Launer, Lenore J., Leander, Karin, Li, Huaixing, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia, Liu, Simin, Loos, Ruth J. F., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mahajan, Anubha, Metspalu, Andres, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Mori, Trevor A., Munroe, Patricia B., Njølstad, Inger, O’Connell, Jeffrey R., Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ong, Ken K., Padmanabhan, Sandosh, Palmer, Colin N. A., Palmer, Nicholette D., Pedersen, Oluf, Pennell, Craig E., Porteous, David J., Pramstaller, Peter P., Province, Michael A., Psaty, Bruce M., Qi, Lu, Raffel, Leslie J., Rauramaa, Rainer, Redline, Susan, Ridker, Paul M., Rosendaal, Frits R., Saaristo, Timo E., Sandhu, Manjinder, Saramies, Jouko, Schneiderman, Neil, Schwarz, Peter, Scott, Laura J., Selvin, Elizabeth, Sever, Peter, Shu, Xiao-ou, Slagboom, P. Eline, Small, Kerrin S., Smith, Blair H., Snieder, Harold, Sofer, Tamar, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Spector, Tim D., Stanton, Alice, Steves, Claire J., Stumvoll, Michael, Sun, Liang, Tabara, Yasuharu, Tai, E. Shyong, Timpson, Nicholas J., Tönjes, Anke, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tusie, Teresa, Uusitupa, Matti, van der Harst, Pim, van Duijn, Cornelia, Vitart, Veronique, Vollenweider, Peter, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Walker, Mark, Wang, Ya X., Wareham, Nick J., Watanabe, Richard M., Watkins, Hugh, Wei, Wen B., Wickremasinghe, Ananda R., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilson, James F., Wong, Tien-Yin, Wu, Jer-Yuarn, Xiang, Anny H., Yanek, Lisa R., Yengo, Loïc, Yokota, Mitsuhiro, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Zheng, Wei, Zonderman, Alan B., Rotter, Jerome I., Gloyn, Anna L., McCarthy, Mark I., Dupuis, Josée, Meigs, James B., Scott, Robert A., Prokopenko, Inga, Leong, Aaron, Liu, Ching-Ti, Parker, Stephen C. J., Mohlke, Karen L., Langenberg, Claudia, Wheeler, Eleanor, Morris, Andrew P., and Barroso, Inês
Abstract: Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P< 5 × 10−8), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution.
Published: 2021
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9. Red Cell Distribution Width and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Subsequent Thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study

Author: Hald, Erin M., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Lappegård, Jostein, Ellingsen, Trygve S., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger, Brækkan, Sigrid K., and Hansen, John-Bjarne
Published: 2020
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10. Secular and longitudinal trends in cardiovascular risk in a general population using a national risk model: The Tromsø Study

Author: Nilsen, Amalie, Hanssen, Tove A, Lappegård, Knut T, Eggen, Anne E, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, and Hopstock, Laila
Published: 2019
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11. Secular and longitudinal trends in cardiovascular risk in a general population using a national risk model: The Tromsø Study

Author: Nilsen, Amalie, Hanssen, Tove A, Lappegård, Knut T, Eggen, Anne E, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, and Hopstock, Laila
Abstract: Background Primary prevention guidelines promote the use of risk assessment tools to estimate total cardiovascular risk. We aimed to study trends in cardiovascular risk and contribution of single risk factors, using the newly developed NORRISK 2 risk score, which estimates 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events.Design Prospective population-based study.Methods We included women and men aged 45–74 years attending the sixth and seventh survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø 6, 2007–2008, n= 7284 and Tromsø 7, 2015–2016, n= 14,858) to study secular trends in NORRISK 2 score. To study longitudinal trends, we followed participants born 1941–1962 attending both surveys (n= 4534). We calculated NORRISK 2 score and used linear regression models to study the relative contribution (%R2) of each single risk factor to the total score.Results Mean NORRISK 2 score decreased and distribution in risk categories moved from higher to lower risk in both sexes and all age-groups between the first and second surveys (p< 0.001). In birth cohorts, when age was set to baseline in NORRISK 2 calculations, risk score decreased during follow-up. Main contributors to NORRISK 2 were systolic blood pressure, smoking and total cholesterol, with some sex, age and birth cohort differences.Conclusion We found significant favourable secular and longitudinal trends in total cardiovascular risk and single risk factors during the last decade. Change in systolic blood pressure, smoking and cholesterol were the main contributors to risk score change; however, the impact of single risk factors on the total score differed by sex, age and birth cohort.
Published: 2019
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12. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies

Author: Wood, Angela M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Butterworth, Adam S, Willeit, Peter, Warnakula, Samantha, Bolton, Thomas, Paige, Ellie, Paul, Dirk S, Sweeting, Michael, Burgess, Stephen, Bell, Steven, Astle, William, Stevens, David, Koulman, Albert, Selmer, Randi M, Verschuren, W M Monique, Sato, Shinichi, Njølstad, Inger, Woodward, Mark, Salomaa, Veikko, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Yeap, Bu B, Fletcher, Astrid, Melander, Olle, Kuller, Lewis H, Balkau, Beverley, Marmot, Michael, Koenig, Wolfgang, Casiglia, Edoardo, Cooper, Cyrus, Arndt, Volker, Franco, Oscar H, Wennberg, Patrik, Gallacher, John, de la Cámara, Agustín Gómez, Völzke, Henry, Dahm, Christina C, Dale, Caroline E, Bergmann, Manuela M, Crespo, Carlos J, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Kaaks, Rudolf, Simons, Leon A, Lagiou, Pagona, Schoufour, Josje D, Boer, Jolanda M A, Key, Timothy J, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Moreno-Iribas, Conchi, Davidson, Karina W, Taylor, James O, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Wallace, Robert B, Quiros, J Ramon, Tumino, Rosario, Blazer, Dan G, Linneberg, Allan, Daimon, Makoto, Panico, Salvatore, Howard, Barbara, Skeie, Guri, Strandberg, Timo, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Nietert, Paul J, Psaty, Bruce M, Kromhout, Daan, Salamanca-Fernandez, Elena, Kiechl, Stefan, Krumholz, Harlan M, Grioni, Sara, Palli, Domenico, Huerta, José M, Price, Jackie, Sundström, Johan, Arriola, Larraitz, Arima, Hisatomi, Travis, Ruth C, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Karakatsani, Anna, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Kühn, Tilman, Grobbee, Diederick E, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, van Schoor, Natasja, Boeing, Heiner, Overvad, Kim, Kauhanen, Jussi, Wareham, Nick, Langenberg, Claudia, Forouhi, Nita, Wennberg, Maria, Després, Jean-Pierre, Cushman, Mary, Cooper, Jackie A, Rodriguez, Carlos J, Sakurai, Masaru, Shaw, Jonathan E, Knuiman, Matthew, Voortman, Trudy, Meisinger, Christa, Tjønneland, Anne, Brenner, Hermann, Palmieri, Luigi, Dallongeville, Jean, Brunner, Eric J, Assmann, Gerd, Trevisan, Maurizio, Gillum, Richard F, Ford, Ian, Sattar, Naveed, Lazo, Mariana, Thompson, Simon G, Ferrari, Pietro, Leon, David A, Smith, George Davey, Peto, Richard, Jackson, Rod, Banks, Emily, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Danesh, John, Wood, Angela M, Kaptoge, Stephen, Butterworth, Adam, Willeit, Peter, Warnakula, Samantha, Bolton, Thomas, Paige, Ellie, Paul, Dirk S, Sweeting, Michael, Burgess, Stephen, Bell, Steven, Astle, William, Stevens, David, Koulman, Albert, Selmer, Randi M, Verschuren, Monique, Sato, Shinichi, Njølstad, Inger, Woodward, Mark, Veikko, Salomaa, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Yeap, Bu B, Flecther, Astrid, Melander, Olle, Kuller, Lewis H, Balkau, Beverley, Marmot, Michael, Koenig, Wolfgang, Casiglia, Edoardo, Cooper, Cyrus, Arndt, Volker, Franco, Oscar H, Wennberg, Patrik, Gallacher, John, Gómez de la Cámara, Agustín, Völzke, Henry, Dahm, Christina C, Dale, Caroline E, Bergmann, Manuela, Crespo, Carlos, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Kaaks, Rudolf, Simons, Leon A, Lagiou, Pagona, Schoufour, Josje D, Boer, Jolanda M.A, Key, Timothy J, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Moreno-Iribas, Conchi, Davidson, Karina W, Taylor, James O, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Wallace, Robert B, Quiros, J. Ramon, Rimm, Eric B, Tumino, Rosario, Blazer III, Dan G, Linneberg, Allan, Daimon, Makoto, Panico, Salvatore, Howard, Barbara, Skeie, Guri, Salomaa, Veikko, Strandberg, Timo, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Nietert, Paul J, Psaty, Bruce M, Kromhout, Daan, Salamanca-Fernandez, Elena, Kiechl, Stefan, Krumholz, Harlan M, Grioni, Sara, Palli, Domenico, Huerta, José M, Price, Jackie, Sundström, Johan, Arriola, Larraitz, Arima, Hisatomi, Travis, Ruth C, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B, Karakatsani, Anna, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Kühn, Tilman, Grobbee, Diederick E, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, van Schoor, Natasja, Boeing, Heiner, Overvad, Kim, Kauhanen, Jussi, Wareham, Nick, Langenberg, Claudia, Forouhi, Nita, Wennberg, Maria, Després, Jean-Pierre, Cushman, Mary, Cooper, Jackie A, Rodriguez, Carlos J, Sakurai, Masaru, Shaw, Jonathan E, Knuiman, Matthew, Voortman, Trudy, Meisinger, Christa, Tjønneland, Anne, Brenner, Hermann, Palmieri, Luigi, Dallongeville, Jean-Pierre, Brunner, Eric J, Assmann, Gerd, Trevisan, Maurizio, Gillumn, Richard F, Ford, Ian Ford, Sattar, Naveed, Lazo, Mariana, Thompson, Simon, Ferrari, Pietro, Leon, David A, Davey Smith, George, Peto, Richard, Jackson, Rod, Banks, Emily, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, and Danesh, John
Abstract: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2018
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13. Impact of prothrombotic genotypes on the association between family history of myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism

Author: Småbrekke, Birgit, Rinde, Ludvig B., Evensen, Line H., Morelli, Vania M., Hveem, Kristian, Gabrielsen, Maiken E., Njølstad, Inger, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Rosendaal, Frits R., Brækkan, Sigrid K., and Hansen, John‐Bjarne
Abstract: Family history of myocardial infarction (FHMI) is known to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Published: 2019
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14. Effect of prothrombotic genotypes on the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with and without ischemic stroke. The Tromsø Study

Author: Rinde, Ludvig B., Morelli, Vania M., Småbrekke, Birgit, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Løchen, Maja‐Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Smith, Erin, Rosendaal, Frits R., Frazer, Kell.A., Brækkan, Sigrid K., and Hansen, John‐Bjarne
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Published: 2019
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15. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Venous Thromboembolism

Author: Gregson, John, Kaptoge, Stephen, Bolton, Thomas, Pennells, Lisa, Willeit, Peter, Burgess, Stephen, Bell, Steven, Sweeting, Michael, Rimm, Eric B., Kabrhel, Christopher, Zöller, Bengt, Assmann, Gerd, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Folsom, Aaron R., Arndt, Volker, Fletcher, Astrid, Norman, Paul E., Nordestgaard, Børge G., Kitamura, Akihiko, Mahmoodi, Bakhtawar K., Whincup, Peter H., Knuiman, Matthew, Salomaa, Veikko, Meisinger, Christa, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kavousi, Maryam, Völzke, Henry, Cooper, Jackie A., Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Casiglia, Edoardo, Rodriguez, Beatriz, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Després, Jean-Pierre, Simons, Leon, Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth, Björkelund, Cecilia, Notdurfter, Marlene, Kromhout, Daan, Price, Jackie, Sutherland, Susan E., Sundström, Johan, Kauhanen, Jussi, Gallacher, John, Beulens, Joline W. J., Dankner, Rachel, Cooper, Cyrus, Giampaoli, Simona, Deen, Jason F., Gómez de la Cámara, Agustín, Kuller, Lewis H., Rosengren, Annika, Svensson, Peter J., Nagel, Dorothea, Crespo, Carlos J., Brenner, Hermann, Albertorio-Diaz, Juan R., Atkins, Robert, Brunner, Eric J., Shipley, Martin, Njølstad, Inger, Lawlor, Deborah A., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Selmer, Randi Marie, Trevisan, Maurizio, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Greenland, Philip, Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia, Lowe, Gordon D. O., Wood, Angela M., Butterworth, Adam S., Thompson, Simon G., Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, and Meade, Tom
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: It is uncertain to what extent established cardiovascular risk factors are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVE: To estimate the associations of major cardiovascular risk factors with VTE, ie, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study included individual participant data mostly from essentially population-based cohort studies from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (ERFC; 731 728 participants; 75 cohorts; years of baseline surveys, February 1960 to June 2008; latest date of follow-up, December 2015) and the UK Biobank (421 537 participants; years of baseline surveys, March 2006 to September 2010; latest date of follow-up, February 2016). Participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline were included. Data were analyzed from June 2017 to September 2018. EXPOSURES: A panel of several established cardiovascular risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Hazard ratios (HRs) per 1-SD higher usual risk factor levels (or presence/absence). Incident fatal outcomes in ERFC (VTE, 1041; coronary heart disease [CHD], 25 131) and incident fatal/nonfatal outcomes in UK Biobank (VTE, 2321; CHD, 3385). Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, diabetes, and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Of the 731 728 participants from the ERFC, 403 396 (55.1%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 51.9 (9.0) years; of the 421 537 participants from the UK Biobank, 233 699 (55.4%) were female, and the mean (SD) age at the time of the survey was 56.4 (8.1) years. Risk factors for VTE included older age (ERFC: HR per decade, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.45-2.91; UK Biobank: HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.71-1.92), current smoking (ERFC: HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20-1.58; UK Biobank: HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40), and BMI (ERFC: HR per 1-SD higher BMI, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.50; UK Biobank: HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.32-1.41). For these factors, there were similar HRs for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in UK Biobank (except adiposity was more strongly associated with pulmonary embolism) and similar HRs for unprovoked vs provoked VTE. Apart from adiposity, these risk factors were less strongly associated with VTE than CHD. There were inconsistent associations of VTEs with diabetes and blood pressure across ERFC and UK Biobank, and there was limited ability to study lipid and inflammation markers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Older age, smoking, and adiposity were consistently associated with higher VTE risk.
Published: 2019
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16. Impact of Chronic Inflammation, Assessed by hs-CRP, on the Association between Red Cell Distribution Width and Arterial Cardiovascular Disease: The Tromsø Study

Author: Lappegård, Jostein, Ellingsen, Trygve S., Hindberg, Kristian, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Brækkan, Sigrid K., and Hansen, John-Bjarne
Published: 2018
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17. Electrocardiographic unrecognized myocardial infarction does not improve prediction of cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors. The Tromsø Study

Author: Øhrn, Andrea Milde, Schirmer, Henrik, Njølstad, Inger, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Eggen, Anne E, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Wilsgaard, Tom, and Lindekleiv, Haakon
Abstract: Background Unrecognized myocardial infarction (MI) is a frequent and intriguing entity associated with a similar risk of death as recognized MI. Previous studies have not fully addressed whether the poor prognosis is explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. We investigated whether electrocardiographically detected unrecognized MI was independently associated with cardiovascular events and death and whether it improved prediction for future MI in a general population.Design Prospective cohort study.Methods We studied 5686 women and men without clinically recognized MI at baseline in 2007–2008. We assessed the risk of future MI, stroke and all-cause mortality in persons with unrecognized MI compared with persons with no MI during 31,051 person-years of follow-up.Results In the unadjusted analyses, unrecognized MI was associated with increased risk of future recognized MI (hazard ratio 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–2.96) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.78, 95% CI 1.21–2.61), but not stroke (hazard ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.56–2.17). The associations did not remain significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors (hazard ratio 1.25, 95% CI 0.76–2.06 and hazard ratio 1.38, 95% CI 0.93–2.05) for MI and all-cause mortality respectively. Unrecognized MI did not improve risk prediction for future recognized MI using the Framingham Risk Score (p= 0.96) or the European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (p= 0.65). There was no significant sex interaction regarding any of the endpoints.Conclusion Electrocardiographic unrecognized MI was not significantly associated with future risk of MI, stroke or all-cause mortality in the general population after adjustment for the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and it did not improve prediction of future MI.
Published: 2018
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18. Sex Differences and Similarities in Atrial Fibrillation Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Mortality in Community Cohorts

Author: Magnussen, Christina, Niiranen, Teemu J., Ojeda, Francisco M., Gianfagna, Francesco, Blankenberg, Stefan, Njølstad, Inger, Vartiainen, Erkki, Sans, Susana, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Hughes, Maria, Costanzo, Simona, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Jousilahti, Pekka, Linneberg, Allan, Palosaari, Tarja, de Gaetano, Giovanni, Bobak, Martin, den Ruijter, Hester M., Mathiesen, Ellisiv, Jørgensen, Torben, Söderberg, Stefan, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Zeller, Tanja, Iacoviello, Licia, Salomaa, Veikko, and Schnabel, Renate B.
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Published: 2017
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19. Impact of Venous Thromboembolism on the Formation and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Tromsø Study

Author: Lind, Caroline, Småbrekke, Birgit, Rinde, Ludvig Balteskard, Hindberg, Kristian, Mathiesen, Ellisiv Bøgeberg, Johnsen, Stein Harald, Arntzen, Kjell Arne, Njølstad, Inger, Lijfering, Willem, Brækkan, Sigrid Kufaas, and Hansen, John-Bjarne
Published: 2017
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20. NORRISK 2: A Norwegian risk model for acute cerebral stroke and myocardial infarction

Author: Selmer, Randi, Igland, Jannicke, Ariansen, Inger, Tverdal, Aage, Njølstad, Inger, Furu, Kari, Tell, Grethe S, and Klemsdal, Tor Ole
Abstract: Background Guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease recommend the estimation of an individual’s total risk. We have developed a new model for the prediction of the 10-year risk of incident acute myocardial infarction or cerebral stroke based on Norwegian data, NORRISK 2.Design The model was based on 10-year follow-up of a large population-based cohort (CONOR) through linkage to the CVDNOR project, a database of cardiovascular disease hospital discharge diagnoses and mortality in Norway in 1994–2009.Methods We used the Fine and Gray regression model to estimate the 10-year risk adjusting for competing risk. The model population consisted of participants in 1994–1999 and the external validation population of participants in 2000–2003. We validated the model by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration plots and analyses of sensitivity and specificity.Results The model population consisted of 31,445 men and 35,267 women aged 40–79 years with 3658 endpoints in men and 2459 in women. The external validation population consisted of 19,980 men and 19,309 women, of whom 1858 men and 874 women had an endpoint during follow-up. The area under the curve was 0.79 (0.79–0.80) in men and 0.84 (0.83–0.85) in women in the model population and was slightly lower in the external validation population. Calibration plots showed good agreement between observed and predicted risk. The sum of sensitivity and specificity was greatest around the suggested risk thresholds.Conclusion The NORRISK 2 model showed good validity in an external dataset and will be a valuable tool to guide decisions about preventive interventions in people without known previous cardiovascular disease.
Published: 2017
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21. Resting heart rate trajectories and myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke and death in the general population: The Tromsø Study

Author: Sharashova, Ekaterina, Wilsgaard, Tom, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Njølstad, Inger, and Brenn, Tormod
Abstract: Background Resting heart rate is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but long-term individual resting heart rate trajectories and their effect on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality have not yet been described.Methods This large population-based longitudinal study included 14,208 men and women aged 20 years or older, not pregnant and not using blood pressure medications, who attended at least two of the three Tromsø Study surveys conducted between 1986–2001. Resting heart rate was measured using an automated Dinamap device. Participants were followed up from 2001 to 2012 with respect to myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular disease death and total death. The Proc Traj statistical procedure was used to identify resting heart rate trajectories.Results Five common long-term resting heart rate trajectories were identified: low, moderate, decreasing, increasing and elevated. In men, an elevated resting heart rate trajectory was independently associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction when low resting heart rate trajectory was used as a reference (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.11–3.02). Risk of total death in men was lowest in the low resting heart rate trajectory group and highest in the increasing and elevated resting heart rate trajectory groups. In women, the association between resting heart rate trajectories and myocardial infarction was similar to that in men, but it was not significant.Conclusions Among the five long-term resting heart rate trajectories we identified, increasing and elevated trajectories were associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and total death in men. Our results suggest that changes in long-term individual resting heart rate in the general population may provide additional prognostic information.
Published: 2017
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22. Declining Incidence of Ischemic Stroke

Author: Vangen-Lønne, Anne M., Wilsgaard, Tom, Johnsen, Stein Harald, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Published: 2017
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23. Lifelong Gender Gap in Risk of Incident Myocardial Infarction: The Tromsø Study

Author: Albrektsen, Grethe, Heuch, Ivar, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Thelle, Dag Steinar, Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger, and Bønaa, Kaare Harald
Abstract: IMPORTANCE: It is not clear to what extent the higher incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in men vs women is explained by differences in risk factor levels because few studies have presented adjusted risk estimates for sex. Moreover, the increase in risk of CHD in postmenopausal women, possibly hormone related, may eventually eliminate the sex contrast in risk, but age-specific risk estimates are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To quantify the difference in risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI) between men and women. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Population-based prospective study from Tromsø, Norway, comprising 33 997 individuals (51% women). Median follow-up time during ages 35 to 102 years was 17.6 years. Incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs, relative risk) of MI were calculated in Poisson regression analysis of person-years at risk. The data analysis was performed in November 2015. EXPOSURES: Sex, age, birth cohort, serum lipid levels, blood pressure, lifestyle factors, diabetes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Incident MI. RESULTS: A total of 2793 individuals (886 women) received a diagnosis of MI during follow-up in the period 1979 through 2012. The IR increased with age in both sexes, with lower rates for women until age 95 years. Adjusted for age and birth cohort, the overall IRR for men vs women was 2.72 (95% CI, 2.50-2.96). Adjustment for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels had the strongest impact on the risk estimate for sex, followed by diastolic blood pressure and smoking. However, the sex difference remained substantial even after adjustment for these factors (IRR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.89-2.26). Men had higher risk throughout life, but the IRRs decreased with age (3.64 [95% CI, 2.85-4.65], 2.00 [95% CI, 1.76-2.28], and 1.66 [95% CI, 1.42-1.95] for age groups 35-54, 55-74, and 75-94 years, respectively). Adjustment for systolic blood pressure, diabetes, body mass index, and physical activity had no notable impact. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The observed sex contrast in risk of MI cannot be explained by differences in established CHD risk factors. The gender gap persisted throughout life but declined with age as a result of a more pronounced flattening of risk level changes in middle-aged men. The minor changes in IRs when moving from premenopausal to postmenopausal age in women make it unlikely that changes in female hormone levels influence the risk of MI.
Published: 2016
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24. The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals

Author: Ehret, Georg B, Ferreira, Teresa, Chasman, Daniel I, Jackson, Anne U, Schmidt, Ellen M, Johnson, Toby, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Luan, Jian'an, Donnelly, Louise A, Kanoni, Stavroula, Petersen, Ann-Kristin, Pihur, Vasyl, Strawbridge, Rona J, Shungin, Dmitry, Hughes, Maria F, Meirelles, Osorio, Kaakinen, Marika, Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Kristiansson, Kati, Shah, Sonia, Kleber, Marcus E, Guo, Xiuqing, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Fava, Cristiano, Eriksson, Niclas, Nolte, Ilja M, Magnusson, Patrik K, Salfati, Elias L, Rallidis, Loukianos S, Theusch, Elizabeth, Smith, Andrew J P, Folkersen, Lasse, Witkowska, Kate, Pers, Tune H, Joehanes, Roby, Kim, Stuart K, Lataniotis, Lazaros, Jansen, Rick, Johnson, Andrew D, Warren, Helen, Kim, Young Jin, Zhao, Wei, Wu, Ying, Tayo, Bamidele O, Bochud, Murielle, Absher, Devin, Adair, Linda S, Amin, Najaf, Arking, Dan E, Axelsson, Tomas, Baldassarre, Damiano, Balkau, Beverley, Bandinelli, Stefania, Barnes, Michael R, Barroso, Inês, Bevan, Stephen, Bis, Joshua C, Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Boehnke, Michael, Boerwinkle, Eric, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Boomsma, Dorret I, Bornstein, Stefan R, Brown, Morris J, Burnier, Michel, Cabrera, Claudia P, Chambers, John C, Chang, I-Shou, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chines, Peter S, Chung, Ren-Hua, Collins, Francis S, Connell, John M, Döring, Angela, Dallongeville, Jean, Danesh, John, de Faire, Ulf, Delgado, Graciela, Dominiczak, Anna F, Doney, Alex S F, Drenos, Fotios, Edkins, Sarah, Eicher, John D, Elosua, Roberto, Enroth, Stefan, Erdmann, Jeanette, Eriksson, Per, Esko, Tonu, Evangelou, Evangelos, Evans, Alun, Fall, Tove, Farrall, Martin, Felix, Janine F, Ferrières, Jean, Ferrucci, Luigi, Fornage, Myriam, Forrester, Terrence, Franceschini, Nora, Franco, Oscar H, Franco-Cereceda, Anders, Fraser, Ross M, Ganesh, Santhi K, Gao, He, Gertow, Karl, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gigante, Bruna, Giulianini, Franco, Goel, Anuj, Goodall, Alison H, Goodarzi, Mark O, Gorski, Mathias, Gräßler, Jürgen, Groves, Christopher J, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Gyllensten, Ulf, Hallmans, Göran, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Hassinen, Maija, Havulinna, Aki S, Hayward, Caroline, Hercberg, Serge, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Hicks, Andrew A, Hingorani, Aroon D, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hofman, Albert, Holmen, Jostein, Holmen, Oddgeir Lingaas, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Howard, Phil, Hsiung, Chao A, Hunt, Steven C, Ikram, M Arfan, Illig, Thomas, Iribarren, Carlos, Jensen, Richard A, Kähönen, Mika, Kang, Hyun Min, Kathiresan, Sekar, Keating, Brendan J, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kim, Yun Kyoung, Kim, Eric, Kivimaki, Mika, Klopp, Norman, Kolovou, Genovefa, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kooner, Jaspal S, Kosova, Gulum, Krauss, Ronald M, Kuh, Diana, Kutalik, Zoltan, Kuusisto, Johanna, Kvaløy, Kirsti, Lakka, Timo A, Lee, Nanette R, Lee, I-Te, Lee, Wen-Jane, Levy, Daniel, Li, Xiaohui, Liang, Kae-Woei, Lin, Honghuang, Lin, Li, Lindström, Jaana, Lobbens, Stéphane, Männistö, Satu, Müller, Gabriele, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Mach, François, Markus, Hugh S, Marouli, Eirini, McCarthy, Mark I, McKenzie, Colin A, Meneton, Pierre, Menni, Cristina, Metspalu, Andres, Mijatovic, Vladan, Moilanen, Leena, Montasser, May E, Morris, Andrew D, Morrison, Alanna C, Mulas, Antonella, Nagaraja, Ramaiah, Narisu, Narisu, Nikus, Kjell, O'Donnell, Christopher J, O'Reilly, Paul F, Ong, Ken K, Paccaud, Fred, Palmer, Cameron D, Parsa, Afshin, Pedersen, Nancy L, Penninx, Brenda W, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Poulter, Neil, Pramstaller, Peter P, Psaty, Bruce M, Quertermous, Thomas, Rao, Dabeeru C, Rasheed, Asif, Rayner, N William, Renström, Frida, Rettig, Rainer, Rice, Kenneth M, Roberts, Robert, Rose, Lynda M, Rossouw, Jacques, Samani, Nilesh J, Sanna, Serena, Saramies, Jouko, Schunkert, Heribert, Sebert, Sylvain, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Shin, Young-Ah, Sim, Xueling, Smit, Johannes H, Smith, Albert V, Sosa, Maria X, Spector, Tim D, Stančáková, Alena, Stanton, Alice V, Stirrups, Kathleen E, Stringham, Heather M, Sundstrom, Johan, Swift, Amy J, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Tai, E-Shyong, Tanaka, Toshiko, Tarasov, Kirill V, Teumer, Alexander, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tobin, Martin D, Tremoli, Elena, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Uusitupa, Matti, Vaez, Ahmad, Vaidya, Dhananjay, van Duijn, Cornelia M, van Iperen, Erik P A, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Verwoert, Germaine C, Virtamo, Jarmo, Vitart, Veronique, Voight, Benjamin F, Vollenweider, Peter, Wagner, Aline, Wain, Louise V, Wareham, Nicholas J, Watkins, Hugh, Weder, Alan B, Westra, Harm-Jan, Wilks, Rainford, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wilson, James F, Wong, Tien Y, Yang, Tsun-Po, Yao, Jie, Yengo, Loic, Zhang, Weihua, Zhao, Jing Hua, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Bovet, Pascal, Cooper, Richard S, Mohlke, Karen L, Saleheen, Danish, Lee, Jong-Young, Elliott, Paul, Gierman, Hinco J, Willer, Cristen J, Franke, Lude, Hovingh, G Kees, Taylor, Kent D, Dedoussis, George, Sever, Peter, Wong, Andrew, Lind, Lars, Assimes, Themistocles L, Njølstad, Inger, Schwarz, Peter E H, Langenberg, Claudia, Snieder, Harold, Caulfield, Mark J, Melander, Olle, Laakso, Markku, Saltevo, Juha, Rauramaa, Rainer, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Ingelsson, Erik, Lehtimäki, Terho, Hveem, Kristian, Palmas, Walter, März, Winfried, Kumari, Meena, Salomaa, Veikko, Chen, Yii-Der I, Rotter, Jerome I, Froguel, Philippe, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lakatta, Edward G, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Franks, Paul W, Hamsten, Anders, Wichmann, H-Erich, Palmer, Colin N A, Stefansson, Kari, Ridker, Paul M, Loos, Ruth J F, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Deloukas, Panos, Morris, Andrew P, Newton-Cheh, Christopher, and Munroe, Patricia B
Abstract: To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry, and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure–associated loci, of which 17 were new; 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target organ damage in multiple tissues but with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure–related pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classical renal system in blood pressure regulation.
Published: 2016
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25. Vitamin D 20 000 IU per Week for Five Years Does Not Prevent Progression From Prediabetes to Diabetes

Author: Jorde, Rolf, Sollid, Stina T., Svartberg, Johan, Schirmer, Henrik, Joakimsen, Ragnar M., Njølstad, Inger, Fuskevåg, Ole M., Figenschau, Yngve, and Hutchinson, Moira Y. S.
Abstract: Context:Vitamin D deficiency is associated with insulin resistance and risk of future diabetes.Objective:The objective of the study was to test whether supplementation with vitamin D to subjects with prediabetes will prevent progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Design:This was a randomized controlled trial performed in 2008 through 2015.Setting:The study was conducted at the clinical research unit at a teaching hospital.Patients:Five hundred eleven subjects (mean age 62 y, 314 males) with prediabetes diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test as part of the Tromsø Study 2007–2008 were included. A total of 256 were randomized to vitamin D and 255 to placebo. Twenty-nine subjects in the vitamin D and 24 in the placebo group withdrew because of adverse events.Interventions:Interventions included vitamin D (cholecalciferol) 20 000 IU/wk vs placebo for 5 years. Annual oral glucose tolerance tests were performed.Main Outcome Measure:Progression to T2DM was the main outcome measure. Secondary outcomes were change in glucose levels, insulin resistance, serum lipids, and blood pressure.Results:The mean baseline serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was 60 nmol/L (24 ng/mL). One hundred three in the vitamin D and 112 in the placebo group developed T2DM (hazard risk 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.69–1.18, Cox regression, P= .45, intention to treat analysis). No consistent significant effects on the other outcomes were seen. Subgroup analyses in subjects with low baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D yielded similar results. No serious side effects related to the intervention were recorded.Conclusions:In subjects without vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D supplementation is unlikely to prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Very large studies with inclusion of vitamin D-deficient subjects will probably be needed to show such a putative effect.
Published: 2016
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26. Trends in Modifiable Risk Factors Are Associated With Declining Incidence of Hospitalized and Nonhospitalized Acute Coronary Heart Disease in a Population

Author: Mannsverk, Jan, Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Rasmussen, Knut, Thelle, Dag S., Njølstad, Inger, Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter, and Bønaa, Kaare Harald
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
Published: 2016
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27. Red cell distribution width is associated with future risk of incident stroke

Author: Lappegård, Jostein, Ellingsen, Trygve S., Skjelbakken, Tove, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Brox, Jan, Brækkan, Sigrid K., and Hansen, John-Bjarne
Published: 2016
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28. Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci

Author: Gaulton, Kyle J, Ferreira, Teresa, Lee, Yeji, Raimondo, Anne, Mägi, Reedik, Reschen, Michael E, Mahajan, Anubha, Locke, Adam, William Rayner, N, Robertson, Neil, Scott, Robert A, Prokopenko, Inga, Scott, Laura J, Green, Todd, Sparso, Thomas, Thuillier, Dorothee, Yengo, Loic, Grallert, Harald, Wahl, Simone, Frånberg, Mattias, Strawbridge, Rona J, Kestler, Hans, Chheda, Himanshu, Eisele, Lewin, Gustafsson, Stefan, Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Qi, Lu, Karssen, Lennart C, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M, Willems, Sara M, Li, Man, Chen, Han, Fuchsberger, Christian, Kwan, Phoenix, Ma, Clement, Linderman, Michael, Lu, Yingchang, Thomsen, Soren K, Rundle, Jana K, Beer, Nicola L, van de Bunt, Martijn, Chalisey, Anil, Kang, Hyun Min, Voight, Benjamin F, Abecasis, Gonçalo R, Almgren, Peter, Baldassarre, Damiano, Balkau, Beverley, Benediktsson, Rafn, Blüher, Matthias, Boeing, Heiner, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Bottinger, Erwin P, Burtt, Noël P, Carey, Jason, Charpentier, Guillaume, Chines, Peter S, Cornelis, Marilyn C, Couper, David J, Crenshaw, Andrew T, van Dam, Rob M, Doney, Alex S F, Dorkhan, Mozhgan, Edkins, Sarah, Eriksson, Johan G, Esko, Tonu, Eury, Elodie, Fadista, João, Flannick, Jason, Fontanillas, Pierre, Fox, Caroline, Franks, Paul W, Gertow, Karl, Gieger, Christian, Gigante, Bruna, Gottesman, Omri, Grant, George B, Grarup, Niels, Groves, Christopher J, Hassinen, Maija, Have, Christian T, Herder, Christian, Holmen, Oddgeir L, Hreidarsson, Astradur B, Humphries, Steve E, Hunter, David J, Jackson, Anne U, Jonsson, Anna, Jørgensen, Marit E, Jørgensen, Torben, Kao, Wen-Hong L, Kerrison, Nicola D, Kinnunen, Leena, Klopp, Norman, Kong, Augustine, Kovacs, Peter, Kraft, Peter, Kravic, Jasmina, Langford, Cordelia, Leander, Karin, Liang, Liming, Lichtner, Peter, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Lindholm, Eero, Linneberg, Allan, Liu, Ching-Ti, Lobbens, Stéphane, Luan, Jian'an, Lyssenko, Valeriya, Männistö, Satu, McLeod, Olga, Meyer, Julia, Mihailov, Evelin, Mirza, Ghazala, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Navarro, Carmen, Nöthen, Markus M, Oskolkov, Nikolay N, Owen, Katharine R, Palli, Domenico, Pechlivanis, Sonali, Peltonen, Leena, Perry, John R B, Platou, Carl G P, Roden, Michael, Ruderfer, Douglas, Rybin, Denis, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Sennblad, Bengt, Sigurðsson, Gunnar, Stančáková, Alena, Steinbach, Gerald, Storm, Petter, Strauch, Konstantin, Stringham, Heather M, Sun, Qi, Thorand, Barbara, Tikkanen, Emmi, Tonjes, Anke, Trakalo, Joseph, Tremoli, Elena, Tuomi, Tiinamaija, Wennauer, Roman, Wiltshire, Steven, Wood, Andrew R, Zeggini, Eleftheria, Dunham, Ian, Birney, Ewan, Pasquali, Lorenzo, Ferrer, Jorge, Loos, Ruth J F, Dupuis, Josée, Florez, Jose C, Boerwinkle, Eric, Pankow, James S, van Duijn, Cornelia, Sijbrands, Eric, Meigs, James B, Hu, Frank B, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Stefansson, Kari, Lakka, Timo A, Rauramaa, Rainer, Stumvoll, Michael, Pedersen, Nancy L, Lind, Lars, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M, Korpi-Hyövälti, Eeva, Saaristo, Timo E, Saltevo, Juha, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Metspalu, Andres, Erbel, Raimund, Jöcke, Karl-Heinz, Moebus, Susanne, Ripatti, Samuli, Salomaa, Veikko, Ingelsson, Erik, Boehm, Bernhard O, Bergman, Richard N, Collins, Francis S, Mohlke, Karen L, Koistinen, Heikki, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Hveem, Kristian, Njølstad, Inger, Deloukas, Panagiotis, Donnelly, Peter J, Frayling, Timothy M, Hattersley, Andrew T, de Faire, Ulf, Hamsten, Anders, Illig, Thomas, Peters, Annette, Cauchi, Stephane, Sladek, Rob, Froguel, Philippe, Hansen, Torben, Pedersen, Oluf, Morris, Andrew D, Palmer, Collin N A, Kathiresan, Sekar, Melander, Olle, Nilsson, Peter M, Groop, Leif C, Barroso, Inês, Langenberg, Claudia, Wareham, Nicholas J, O'Callaghan, Christopher A, Gloyn, Anna L, Altshuler, David, Boehnke, Michael, Teslovich, Tanya M, McCarthy, Mark I, and Morris, Andrew P
Abstract: We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.
Published: 2015
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29. Estimated and Measured GFR Associate Differently with Retinal Vasculopathy in the General Population

Author: Eriksen, Bjørn Odvar, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Arntzen, Kjell Arne, Bertelsen, Geir, Winther Eilertsen, Britt-Ann, von Hanno, Therese, Herder, Marit, Jenssen, Trond Geir, Mathisen, Ulla Dorte, Melsom, Toralf, Njølstad, Inger, Solbu, Marit D., and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Abstract: Background/Aims:Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is used extensively in epidemiological research. Validations of eGFR have demonstrated acceptable performance, but the dependence of creatinine and cystatin C on non-GFR factors could confound associations with disease. Few studies have investigated this issue in direct comparison with measured GFR (mGFR). We compared the associations between eGFR and mGFR and retinal vasculopathy, a marker of systemic microvasculopathy. Methods:Iohexol clearance and retinal photography were examined in the Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey in Tromsø 6, which consists of a representative sample of middle-aged persons from the general population. A total of 1,553 persons without self-reported kidney disease, cardiovascular disease or diabetes were investigated. Three eGFR equations based on creatinine and/or cystatin C from the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration were studied. Differences between eGFR and mGFR were analyzed with seemingly unrelated regression methods. Results:mGFR in the lowest quartile was associated with an increased multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of retinopathy (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.16-2.97), but not with retinal artery or vein diameters. eGFR based on cystatin C (eGFRcys) was consistently biased relative to mGFR in its associations with retinal vessel diameters across different models. eGFR based on creatinine (eGFRcrea) and eGFR based on both creatinine and cystatin C were also biased in several of these models (p < 0.05). For retinopathy, the differences between the 3 eGFR and mGFR measurements were not statistically significant. Conclusions:Low mGFR is associated with retinopathy in the general population. eGFR based on creatinine and/or cystatin C are not valid substitutes for mGFR in studies of the relationship between the retina and kidney function in healthy persons.
Published: 2015
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30. Lifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Tromsø Study

Author: Tiwari, Sweta, Cerin, Ester, Wilsgaard, Tom, Løvsletten, Ola, Njølstad, Inger, Grimsgaard, Sameline, Hopstock, Laila A., Schirmer, Henrik, Rosengren, Annika, Kristoffersen, Kathrine, and Løchen, Maja-Lisa
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and disability and living in areas with low socio-economic status (SES) is associated with increased risk of CVD. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful alcohol use are main risk factors that contribute to other modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, raised blood cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. The potential impact of area-level socio-economic status (ASES) on metabolic CVD risk factors via lifestyle behaviors independent of individual SES has not been investigated previously.
Published: 2022
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31. Clinically Significant Novel Biomarkers for Prediction of First Ever Myocardial Infarction

Author: Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv Bøgeberg, Patwardhan, Anil, Rowe, Michael W., Schirmer, Henrik, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Sudduth-Klinger, Julie, Hamren, Sarah, Bønaa, Kaare Harald, and Njølstad, Inger
Published: 2015
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32. Family History of Myocardial Infarction and Cause-Specific Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Venous Thromboembolism

Author: Lind, Caroline, Enga, Kristin F., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger, Brækkan, Sigrid K., and Hansen, John-Bjarne
Abstract: A family history of myocardial infarction (FHMI) has been shown to increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The mechanism underlying the association remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the risks of MI and VTE by FHMI using a cause-specific model and to explore whether atherosclerotic risk factors could explain the association between FHMI and VTE in a population-based cohort.
Published: 2014
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33. Palpitations are predictive of future atrial fibrillation. An 11-year follow-up of 22,815 men and women: the Tromsø Study

Author: Nyrnes, Audhild, Mathiesen, Ellisiv, Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, and Løchen, Maja-Lisa
Abstract: Background:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia which increases morbidity and mortality. Identification of risk factors is therefore important. We examined the impact of palpitations and cardiovascular risk factors in prediction of AF (all types) and lone AF in a large population-based cohort.Design:We carried out a prospective population-based cohort study.Methods:A total of 22,815 participants from a population survey in 1994–1995 were followed-up for a mean of 11.1 years. Mean age at baseline was 46 years. Measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and information on palpitations, diabetes, angina, myocardial infarction, and antihypertensive treatment were obtained at baseline. The outcome measure was first-ever AF, documented on an electrocardiogram. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for AF.Results:Palpitations were associated with increased risk of AF in both women (HR 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–2.02) and men (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.54–2.35). For hypertension the HR for AF was 1.98 (1.46-2.69) in women and 1.40 (1.13-1.74) in men. The HR for 1 SD increase in body mass index (BMI) was 1.16 (1.06–1.27) in women and 1.47 (1.32–1.63) in men. Body height and BMI were associated with increased risk for lone AF in men.Conclusion:Palpitations, hypertension and BMI were predictive of future atrial fibrillation in both sexes.
Published: 2013
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34. Echocardiographic Screening of the General Population and Long-term Survival: A Randomized Clinical Study

Author: Lindekleiv, Haakon, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, and Schirmer, Henrik
Abstract: IMPORTANCE Identification of structural heart disease in asymptomatic individuals could allow early disease-modifying treatment. OBJECTIVE To examine whether echocardiographic screening in the general population improves long-term survival or reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 6861 middle-aged participants from the population-based Tromsø Study in Norway. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly allocated to an echocardiographic screening group (n = 3272) or a control group (n = 3589). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Using the as-treated approach, the data were analyzed for mortality and incidence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke. RESULTS During 15 follow-up years, 880 persons (26.9%) in the screening group and 989 persons (27.6%) in the control group died (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89-1.06). No significant differences between the groups were observed in the secondary outcome measures (sudden death, mortality from any heart disease, or incidence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Echocardiographic screening for structural and valvular heart disease in the general population provided no benefit for mortality or for the risk of myocardial infarction or stroke.
Published: 2013
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35. Age and gender differences in incidence and case fatality trends for myocardial infarction: a 30-year follow-up. The Tromsø Study

Author: Mannsverk, Jan, Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger, Hopstock, Laila, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, Ellisiv, Thelle, Dag, Rasmussen, Knut, and Bønaa, Kaare
Abstract: Background: Although the mortality of coronary heart disease (CHD) has declined in Western countries during the last decades, studies have suggested that the prevention and treatment of CHD may not have been as effective in women as in men. We examined gender- and age-specific trends in incidence, case fatality and the severity of first myocardial infarction (MI) in a large Norwegian population-based study.Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.Methods: A total of 31,323 participants enrolled between 1974 and 2001 were followed throughout 2004 for a total of 400,572 person-years. Suspected coronary events were adjudicated by a review of hospital records and death certificates. A total of 1669 events fulfilled standardized criteria of first-ever fatal or non-fatal MI.Results: In the age group 35–79 years, the age-adjusted incidence of MI declined significantly in men, whereas an increase was observed in women. For men and women ≥80 years the incidence rates remained unchanged. The severity of MI and the 28-day and 1-year case fatality rates declined significantly and similarly in men and women.Conclusion: Trends in MI incidence differed by sex and age; in the age group 35–79 years a marked decrease was observed among men but an increase was observed among women, while no change was observed among older patients. MI severity and case fatality were clearly reduced for both sexes. These data suggest that the burden of CHD is shifting from middle-aged men toward middle-aged women and elderly patients.
Published: 2012
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36. Heart healthy diet and risk of myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism

Author: Hansen-Krone, Ida J., Enga, Kristin F., Njølstad, Inger, Hansen, John-Bjarne, and Braekkan, Sigrid K.
Published: 2012
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37. Joint Effect of Modifiable Risk Factors on the Risk of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Author: Lindekleiv, Haakon, Sandvei, Marie S., Romundstad, Pål R., Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger, Ingebrigtsen, Tor, Vik, Anne, and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.
Abstract: The joint effect of risk factors on the risk of aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) has been studied sparsely.
Published: 2012
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38. Change in cardiovascular risk factors in relation to diabetes status: the Tromsø Study

Author: Joseph, Josepha, Svartberg, Johan, Njølstad, Inger, and Schirmer, Henrik
Abstract: Aims: To investigate changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 14 years in relation to diabetes status.Methods: The study is based on 10,327 subjects who attended the Tromsø Study in 1994 and were screened again in 2007–8. At baseline there were 79 prevalent cases, and 397 incident cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) were diagnosed between 1994 and 2008.Results: Cases with DM2 had decreasing levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) and increasing levels of triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and anti-hypertensive treatment during 14 years of follow-up. Despite decreasing BP, more than 75% of the treated cases had BP above 135/80 at the end of follow-up. Similarly, less than 35% of incident cases using statins had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) below the recommended threshold value of 2.6 mmol/l.Conclusions: Despite greater relative reduction in cardiovascular risk factors among people with DM2 compared to those without, treatment targets were met in less than 50% of subjects with DM2. Thirteen percent reached the combined targets for glucose, BP and LDL-C control. This indicates a need for more effective strategies to control cardiovascular risk factors especially among individuals with DM2.
Published: 2012
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39. Ambulatory blood pressure is associated with measured glomerular filtration rate in the general middle-aged population

Author: Mathisen, Ulla D., Melsom, Toralf, Ingebretsen, Ole C., Jenssen, Trond G., Njølstad, Inger, Solbu, Marit D., Toft, Ingrid, and Eriksen, Bjørn O.
Abstract: Hypertension is both a cause and a consequence of kidney disease. Whether there is an association between the earliest stages of elevated blood pressure and variations in kidney function within the normal range in the general population has not been investigated using accurate methodology.
Published: 2012
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40. The Role of Cystatin C in Improving GFR Estimation in the General Population

Author: Eriksen, Bjørn Odvar, Mathisen, Ulla Dorte, Melsom, Toralf, Ingebretsen, Ole Christian, Jenssen, Trond Geir, Njølstad, Inger, Solbu, Marit Dahl, and Toft, Ingrid
Abstract: The equations used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on serum creatinine level are limited by their dependence on muscle mass. Although cystatin C level predicts clinical outcomes better than creatinine level in the general population, its role in estimating GFR in the reference range is unclear. Cystatin C level is not influenced by muscle mass, but by several other non-GFR determinants. We investigated whether regression models using cystatin C level alone or in combination with creatinine level in principle would improve GFR estimation in the general population compared with models using creatinine level alone.
Published: 2012
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41. Relationships between body mass index, cardiovascular mortality, and risk factors: a report from the SCORE investigators

Author: Dudina, Alexandra, Cooney, Marie Therese, Bacquer, Dirk De, Backer, Guy De, Ducimetière, Pierre, Jousilahti, Pekka, Keil, Ulrich, Menotti, Alessandro, Njølstad, Inger, Oganov, Rafael, Sans, Susana, Thomsen, Troels, Tverdal, Aage, Wedel, Hans, Whincup, Peter, Wilhelmsen, Lars, Conroy, Ronan, Fitzgerald, Anthony, and Graham, Ian
Abstract: Background:Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest global cause of death, CVD mortality is falling in developed countries. There is concern that this trend may be offset by increasing levels of obesity.Design:We used the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) data set to examine relationships between body mass index (BMI), conventional risk factors and CVD mortality.Methods:The SCORE data set comprises data from 12 European cohort studies. The relationship between BMI and CVD mortality was examined in each BMI category using univariable and multivariable (Cox) analyses. The SCORE population was also divided into gender and age strata: under 40, 40–49, 50–59, and over 60. The rate of CVD mortality in each BMI category was calculated within each gender and age stratum. Relationships between BMI and other CVD risk factors were also examined.Results:There was a strong, graded but J-shaped univariable relationship between BMI and CVD mortality in both genders. Each 5-unit increase in BMI was associated with an increase in CVD mortality of 34% in men and 29% in women. The hazard ratios remained significant when adjusted for age, self-reported smoking status, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). On additional adjustment for diabetes and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), the association between BMI and CVD mortality did not persist. In all age groups except those over 60 there were significant relationships between increased BMI and CVD mortality. In the over-60 age group the only significant relationships with mortality were in underweight and severely overweight women and mildly obese men. After adjustment for age, each 1-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 1.14 mmHg increase in SBP, 0.055 mmol/l increase in total cholesterol, and a 0.024 mmol/l decrease in HDL in men. Figures were slightly lower in women.Conclusions:Overall, overweight and obesity relate to CVD mortality in a strong and graded manner. The effects are greater in women and markedly so in younger persons. It is likely that a substantial part of the BMI-associated risk of CVD mortality is mediated through other known CVD risk factors. This increases the public health importance of BMI as both a simple indicator and mediator of CVD risk.
Published: 2011
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42. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Subjects with Reduced Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes - The Tromsø OGTT-Study

Author: Hutchinson, Moira S., Figenschau, Yngve, Almås, Bjørg, Njølstad, Inger, and Jorde, Rolf
Abstract: The relationships between vitamin D concentrations, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance remain uncertain. During 2008 - 2010, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 3520 subjects from Tromsø, Norway. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in 1193 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, in 304 with isolated impaired fasting glucose, in 254 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance, in 139 with a combination of the two, and in 194 subjects with type 2 diabetes. Serum 25(OH)D did not differ between subjects with isolated impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, but was lower in all groups of deranged glucose metabolism as compared with normal subjects. These differences could not be explained by differences in intakes of vitamin D from cod liver oil or other supplements and remained statistically significant after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, physical activity score, and month of examination. When the cohort was divided according to serum 25(OH)D quartiles, there was an improvement in all measures of glucose metabolism (fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, serum insulin, HbA1c) and estimates of insulin resistance (QUICKI , HOMA-IR, ISI0.120) with increasing serum 25(OH)D quartile. However, interventional studies are needed to prove a causal relationship between vitamin D and glucose metabolism.
Published: 2011
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43. Carotid Plaque Area and Intima-Media Thickness in Prediction of First-Ever Ischemic Stroke

Author: Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Johnsen, Stein Harald, Wilsgaard, Tom, Bønaa, Kaare H., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, and Njølstad, Inger
Abstract: Carotid plaque and intima-media thickness (IMT) are recognized as risk factors for ischemic stroke, but their predictive value has been debated and varies between studies. The purpose of this longitudinal population-based study was to assess the risk of ischemic stroke associated with plaque area and IMT in the carotid artery.
Published: 2011
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44. Seasonal variation in incidence of acute myocardial infarction in a sub-Arctic population: the Tromsø Study 1974-2004

Author: Hopstock, Laila, Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger, Mannsverk, Jan, Mathiesen, Ellisiv, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, and Bønaa, Kaare
Abstract: Background: A seasonal pattern with higher winter morbidity and mortality has been reported for acute myocardial infarction (MI). The magnitude of the difference between peak and nadir season has been associated with latitude, but results are inconsistent. Studies of seasonal variation of MI in population-based cohorts, based on adjudicated MI cases, are few. We investigated the monthly and seasonal variation in first-ever nonfatal and fatal MI in the population of Tromsø in northern Norway, a region with a harsh climate and extreme seasonal variation in daylight exposure.Design: Prospective population-based cohort study.Methods: A total of 37 392 participants from the Tromsø Study enrolled between 1974 and 2001 were followed throughout 2004. Each incident case of MI was validated by the review of medical records and death certificates. MI incidence rates for months and seasons were analyzed for seasonal patterns with Poisson regression and the Cosinor procedure. All analyses were stratified by sex, age and smoking status.Results: A total of 1893 first-ever MIs were registered, of which 592 were fatal. There was an 11 % (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.23, P = 0.04) increased risk of incident MI during winter (November-January) compared with nonwinter seasons, with no statistically significant interaction with sex, age, smoking or calendar year. Other seasonal modelling gave similar but not statistically significant results.Conclusion: We found a small increase in risk of incident MI during the darkest winter months. Populations living in sub-Arctic areas may be adapted to face climate exposure during winter through behavioural protection.
Published: 2011
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45. Carotid Atherosclerosis Is a Stronger Predictor of Myocardial Infarction in Women Than in Men

Author: Johnsen, Stein Harald, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Joakimsen, Oddmund, Stensland, Eva, Wilsgaard, Tom, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, and Arnesen, Egil
Abstract: Ultrasound of carotid arteries provides measures of intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque, both widely used as surrogate measures of cardiovascular disease. Although IMT and plaques are highly intercorrelated, the relationship between carotid plaque and IMT and cardiovascular disease has been conflicting. In this prospective, population-based study, we measured carotid IMT, total plaque area, and plaque echogenicity as predictors for first-ever myocardial infarction (MI).
Published: 2007
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46. Physical activity according to ethnic origin in Finnmark county, Norway. The Finnmark Study

Author: Hermansen, Rune, Njølstad, Inger, and Fønnebø, Vinjar
Abstract: Study objective: Is there a difference in self-reported physical activity between the Norse and Sami population, and could the activity levels have been differently reported in the two ethnic groups? Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study. In addition, we performed interviews to validate the questions used in the survey to measure physical activity. Setting: Finnmark County, Norway. Participants: 866 men and 860 women of Sami origin, and 4105 men and 3948 women of Norse origin. Attendance rate 77.7%. In addition, we interviewed ten Samispeaking and seven Norwegian-speaking persons about physical activity. Main results: Among men, the two ethnic groups differed in leisure time physical activity (χ˝= 11.462, p= 0.009). Sami women were less active than Norse women in leisure time (χ˝= 21.568, p < 0.001). Both Sami men and women were significantly more active during work than Norse persons (χ˝ = 93.819, p < 0.001 for men and χ˝ = 59.323, p< 0.001 for women). Conclusions: Sami men and women were more physically active at work and had a higher total physical activity score than Norse men and women. The variables used to measure different aspect of physical activity seem to be valid in a diverse ethnic population.
Published: 2002
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47. Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Subjects Whose Brothers, Sisters or Husbands Developed Premature Myocardial Infarction During 12 Years of Follow-Up. The Finnmark Study (1977–1989)

Author: Brenn, Tormod and Njølstad, Inger
Abstract: BackgroundIn individuals whose relatives have experienced heart disease, levels of classic risk factors may have been underestimated because of life style changes after serious family disease or inaccurate disease reports.MethodsTo overcome pitfalls noted in previous research, risk factors were measured at a screening of the general population aged 20-52 years in four Norwegian municipalities. After 12 years of follow-up, a first myocardial infarction was evident in 51 of 753 sibships and in 68 of 1518 spouse pairs.ResultsMultiple adjusted means were higher in men with than in men without a brother or sister who became affected: 7.17 versus 6.84 mmol/l (P= 0.07) for serum total cholesterol, 140.8 versus 135.6 mmHg (P= 0.02) and 85.7 versus 82.5 mmHg (P= 0.04) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Total cholesterol readings were higher the younger (P< 0.01) the sibling who experienced heart disease. Elevations were less pronounced in women, but smoking was more frequent among wives of affected than wives of unaffected husbands (58.3% versus 41.2%, P< 0.01).ConclusionsThe markedly adverse levels of modifiable risk factors found in individuals whose brothers or sisters developed heart disease offer a potential for prevention in families with heart disease.
Published: 1998
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48. Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Incident Venous Thromboembolism on Risk of Arterial Thrombotic Diseases”

Author: Lind, Caroline, Flinterman, Linda E., Enga, Kristin F., Severinsen, Marianne T., Kristensen, Søren R., Brækkan, Sigrid K., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger, Cannegieter, Suzanne C., Overvad, Kim, and Hansen, John-Bjarne
Published: 2014
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49. Corrigendum: Rare variants of large effect in BRCA2 and CHEK2 affect risk of lung cancer

Author: Wang, Yufei, McKay, James D, Rafnar, Thorunn, Wang, Zhaoming, Timofeeva, Maria N, Broderick, Peter, Zong, Xuchen, Laplana, Marina, Wei, Yongyue, Han, Younghun, Lloyd, Amy, Delahaye-Sourdeix, Manon, Chubb, Daniel, Gaborieau, Valerie, Wheeler, William, Chatterjee, Nilanjan, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Sulem, Patrick, Liu, Geoffrey, Kaaks, Rudolf, Henrion, Marc, Kinnersley, Ben, Vallée, Maxime, Le Calvez-Kelm, Florence, Stevens, Victoria L, Gapstur, Susan M, Chen, Wei V, Zaridze, David, Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonilia, Lissowska, Jolanta, Rudnai, Peter, Fabianova, Eleonora, Mates, Dana, Bencko, Vladimir, Foretova, Lenka, Janout, Vladimir, Krokan, Hans E, Gabrielsen, Maiken Elvestad, Skorpen, Frank, Vatten, Lars, Njølstad, Inger, Chen, Chu, Goodman, Gary, Benhamou, Simone, Vooder, Tonu, Välk, Kristjan, Nelis, Mari, Metspalu, Andres, Lener, Marcin, Lubiński, Jan, Johansson, Mattias, Vineis, Paolo, Agudo, Antonio, Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Johansson, Mikael, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Tjønneland, Anne, Riboli, Elio, Lathrop, Mark, Scelo, Ghislaine, Albanes, Demetrius, Caporaso, Neil E, Ye, Yuanqing, Gu, Jian, Wu, Xifeng, Spitz, Margaret R, Dienemann, Hendrik, Rosenberger, Albert, Su, Li, Matakidou, Athena, Eisen, Timothy, Stefansson, Kari, Risch, Angela, Chanock, Stephen J, Christiani, David C, Hung, Rayjean J, Brennan, Paul, Landi, Maria Teresa, Houlston, Richard S, and Amos, Christopher I
Published: 2017
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50. Glycaemia and high blood pressure are associated with type 2 diabetes complications over time

Author: Njølstad, Inger
Published: 2001
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