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Interdisciplinary experimental science (e.g., medicinal chemistry) refers to the disciplines that integrate knowledge from different scientific backgrounds and involve experiments in the research process. Deciding “in what direction to proceed” is critical for the success of the research in such disciplines, since the time, money, and resource costs of the subsequent research steps depend largely on this decision. However, such a direction identification task is challenging in that researchers need to integrate information from large-scale, heterogeneous materials from all associated disciplines and summarize the related publications of which the core contributions are often showcased in diverse formats. The task also requires researchers to estimate the feasibility and potential in future experiments in the selected directions. In this work, we selected medicinal chemistry as a case and presented an interactive visual tool, MedChemLens, to assist medicinal chemists in choosing their intended directions of research. This task is also known as drug target (i.e., disease-linked proteins) selection. Given a candidate target name, MedChemLens automatically extracts the molecular features of drug compounds from chemical papers and clinical trial records, organizes them based on the drug structures, and interactively visualizes factors concerning subsequent experiments. We evaluated MedChemLens through a within-subjects study (N=16). Compared with the control condition (i.e., unrestricted online search without using our tool), participants who only used MedChemLens reported faster search, better-informed selections, higher confidence in their selections, and lower cognitive load.

Utilizing a crystal engineering approach to design multifunctional flexible materials is highly desirable but still a challenging goal. By linking crystal structures and luminescent properties, Ma and co-workers demonstrated a series of single-component molecular crystals simultaneously with high elasticity, room temperature phosphorescence, and multi-level stimuli responsiveness. This study thus expands the scope of potential applications of flexible optical materials.

The Nan Suture and Sukhothai Arc Terrane are products of the eastward subduction of the Paleotethyan Ocean during the Late Carboniferous to Triassic. However, their footprints in northwestern Laos are poorly constrained. New geochronological and geochemical data presented in this study demonstrate a Late Permian origin for the andesitic rocks in the B.Xiengnou area rather than Late Triassic. The breccia-bearing andesitic tuff in the B.On ultramafic complex yield a zircon U-Pb age of 260 ± 1.4 Ma, geochemically displaying a MORB-like signature. The andesitic tuff in the B.Kiophoulan-B.Houayhak belt gave the U-Pb age of 254 ± 1.3 Ma, with arc-like geochemical affinity. By combining geochronological and geochemical data from the Nan Suture and Sukhothai Arc Terrane, the authors suggest that the andesitic rocks in the B.On ultramafic complex formed in a back-arc basin background, which connected the Jinghong and Nan back-arc basin during the Permian; while the andesitic tuff in the B.Kiophoulan-B.Houayhak belt erupted in the Sukhothai continental arc setting.

Since the summer of 2017, bacterial fruit black rot disease was observed on prickly ash (Zanthoxylum armatumDC., Yongqing No. 1) in three counties (Yongshan, Qiaojia and Ludian) of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province, that kills the fruit, results in significant yield reduction, severely affects quality of fruit and even worst has no harvest. A combination of cultural, biochemical and physiological characterizations, Biolog analyses, MALDI-TOF MS analyses, multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity assays revealed that Pseudomonas oryzihabitanswas the pathogen associated with the fruit black rot. The pathogenicity was verified with Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this study provides the first report of fruit black rot caused by P. oryzihabitanson prickly ash.

A highly dispersed KNiMo catalyst on Zn-modified MgAl-mixed oxide as a support is prepared by a surfactant-assistance hydrothermal method. The introduction of Zn can decrease the concentration of strong acidic sites and also can weaken the metal–support interaction to modulate the reducibility, sulfidation degree, lengths/stacking degree, and dispersion of MoS2slabs. The K,NiMoS/Zn0.35Mg0.35Al0.3exhibits appropriate acidity, high reducibility, and a sulfidation degree with dominant double-layer MoS2(∼43%) and high synergism between NiSxand K-Ni-Mo-S phase, and as a result, higher total alcohol selectivity (56.5%) and C2+alcohol selectivity (82.2%) can be achieved in higher alcohol synthesis (HAS). This work proposes an effective route to simultaneously modulate the acidity of the catalyst and metal–support interaction and to obtain more exposure of active sites on the integration of Zn-modified MgAl-mixed oxides as supports and a surfactant-assistance strategy for the enhancement of C2+OH selectivity in HAS.

The acidity/alkalinity and structural properties of NiMgAl trimetallic oxides (MMOs) can be effectively modulated by the alkaline-etching process with various etching times, which are further used as a support to prepare KMoS-based catalysts through the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-encapsulated Mo-precursor strategy. The enriched surface anion groups in alkaline-etched MMO affect the textural properties, metal-support interaction, and sulfidation degree of the as-synthesized KMoS-based catalysts. As a result, KMoS-based catalysts using alkaline-etched MMO as supports effectively enhance the reducibility and dispersion of Mo species, which exert a positive influence on higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) performance in CO hydrogenation. A proper balance between acidity/alkalinity and structural properties in K, Mo/MMO-xcatalysts can significantly enhance the alcohol selectivity in HAS from 55 to 65% (carbon selectivity). The formation of C2+alcohols can be boosted by adol condensation with optimal acidic/basic properties via suppressing the acidity and increasing the amount of basic sites. The alkaline-etching process also significantly improves the space time yield of C2+alcohols over unit mass of molybdenum.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity non-inferiority and safety of the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine in participants ≥ 3 years old. A total of 3,328 participants were enrolled. Participants 3–8 years old were administered one or two doses of the investigational vaccine or one dose of the control vaccine, whereas the other participants were administered only one dose of the investigational or control vaccine. The immunogenicity and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) after 30 days of full-course vaccination and serious adverse events (SAEs) within 6 months after full-course vaccination were assessed. The sero-conversion rates (SCRs) of anti-H1N1, H3N2, B(Y), and B(V) antibodies in the test group were 74.64%, 87.40%, 82.66%, and 78.89%, respectively, and their geometric mean titers were 1:250.13, 1:394.54, 1:200.84, and 1:94.91, respectively, which were non-inferior to those in the control group. The SCRs and sero-protection rates in the two-dose group of participants 3–8 years old were greater than those in the one-dose group. The incidences of total AEs and adverse reactions in the test group were 31.6% and 21.7%, respectively, which were close to those in the control group. In the two-dose group, the incidence of adverse reactions was considerably lower in the second dose (5.5%) than in the first dose (14.7%). Most AEs were grade 1 in severity, and no SAEs were recorded. The investigational vaccine had immunogenicity non-inferior to the control vaccine, and two doses were more effective than one dose in participants 3–8 years old, with a good overall safety.Trial registration:CTR20200715.

A new postchemiluminescence (PCL) reaction was observed when urea was injected into the reaction mixture after the CL reaction of N-bromosuccinimide and dichlorofluorescein. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the studies of the CL kinetic characteristics, CL spectra, fluorescence spectra, and other experiments. A new flow injection CL method for the determination of urea was established based on the PCL reaction. The relative standard deviation for the determination of urea was 1.3% (n = 11, c = 5.0 × 10−8 g/mL). The CL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of urea in the range 2.0 × 10−9–1.0 × 10−6 g/mL (r = 0.9992). The detection limit was 7 × 10−10 g/mL. The method had been applied to the determination of urea in milk with satisfactory results.

Controllable synthesis of manganese oxides was performed via a simple one-step synthetic method. Then obtained manganese oxides which exhibit flower-like, cloud-like, hexagon-like, and rod-like morphologies were modified by formaldehyde based on a simple self-made gas–liquid reaction device respectively and the modified manganese oxides with coral-like, scallop-like and rod-like morphology were synthesized accordingly. The obtained materials were characterized and the formation mechanism was also researched. Then the modified manganese oxides were used to fabricate electrochemical sensors to detect H2O2. Comparison of electrochemical properties between three kinds of modified manganese oxides was investigated and the best one has been successfully employed as H2O2sensor which shows a low detection limit of 0.01 μM, high sensitivity of 162.69 μA mM–1cm–2, and wide linear range of 0.05 μM–12.78 mM. The study provides a new method for controllable synthesis of metal oxides, and electrochemical application of formaldehyde modified manganese oxides will provides a new strategy for electrochemical sensing with high performance, low cost, and simple fabrication.

ABSTRACTIn this study, we sought to evaluate the inter-batch consistency and safety of the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells). A total of 594 healthy participants aged 10–60 years were enrolled from Mianzhu, Sichuan Province, and randomized into three batch groups to receive vaccination via the Essen Regimen, that is, a single dose on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm. The serum antibody geometric mean concentration (GMC) and positive conversion rate of each group were determined using a rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test (RFFIT) before the first-dose immunization, 14 d after the first-dose immunization, and 14 d and 12 mo after full immunization. Adverse events (AEs) 30 min and 30 d after immunization were observed in each group. There were 322 cases of AEs during the observation period, with an overall incidence of 54.4%. The incidences of AEs in groups A, B, and C were 57.4%, 51.5%, and 54.3%, respectively. There were no significant differences among the groups (P > .05). Moreover, there were no significant differences (P > .05) in the serum GMC or antibody-positive conversion rate between any two groups at any time point. The bilateral 95% confidence interval of the GMC ratio between any two groups 14 d after the first-dose immunization was within the range of 0.67–1.50. This study shows that the CTN-1 V human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) has reliable safety and stable immunogenicity between batches.

A new sandwich structure nanocomposite of Ag nanoparticles supported on TiO2-functionalized graphene nanosheet was synthesized, involving a simple chemical reduction of GO using TiCl3as reducing agent and the in situ formation of TiO2as linker between r-GO and Ag. Based on the Ag/TiO2/r-GO hybrid material, a novel electrochemical sensor for the determination of nitrite was constructed. The morphology and composition of the nanocomposite were characterized by transmission electron microscope and UV–vis absorption spectra. Electrochemical investigation indicated that Ag/TiO2/r-GO modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxidation of nitrite. The sensor showed a wide linear range from 1.0 µM to 1.1 mM, with the detection limit of 0.4 µM, the sensitivity of 112.0 μA mM−1cm−2. Additionally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of nitrite in water samples with obtained satisfactory results.

A functional Ag-Fe3O4-grapheme oxide magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and used to prepare a nitrite sensor. Morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were characterized by a transmission electron microscope, UV-VIS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Electrochemical investigation indicated that the nanocomposites possess excellent electrochemical oxidation ability towards nitrites. The sensor exhibited two linear ranges: one from 0.5 μM to 0.72 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and sensitivity of 1996 μA mM−1cm−2; the other from 0.72 mM to 8.15 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and sensitivity of 426 μA mM−1cm−2. The limit of detection of this sensing system was 0.17 μM at the signalto- noise ratio of 3. Additionally, the sensor exhibited long-term stability, good reproducibility, and anti-interference.

A functional Ag-Fe3O4-grapheme oxide magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized and used to prepare a nitrite sensor. Morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were characterized by a transmission electron microscope, UV-VIS spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Electrochemical investigation indicated that the nanocomposites possess excellent electrochemical oxidation ability towards nitrites. The sensor exhibited two linear ranges: one from 0.5 µM to 0.72 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and sensitivity of 1996 µA mM−1cm−2; the other from 0.72 mM to 8.15 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.998 and sensitivity of 426 µAmM−1cm−2. The limit of detection of this sensing system was 0.17 µM at the signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Additionally, the sensor exhibited long-term stability, good reproducibility, and anti-interference.

Nanofilms of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles that mediate the assembly of polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles for immobilizing hemoglobin (Hb) on carbon ionic liquid electrode have been developed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that Hb retains its native structure in TiO2–PS nanofilms. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the nanofilms possess uniform morphology and Hb is immobilized on the surface of the nanofilms. Electrochemical investigation of the biosensor indicates that the direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin is realized on the nanofilms, and there is a formal potential of −0.320 V in deaerated buffer solutions; the biosensor shows good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide with a linear range from 0.5 to 640 μM, a detection limit of 0.2 μM (S/N= 3) and a sensitivity of 103 μA mM−1. Thus, the nanofilms will have potential application in the design of novel electrochemical biosensors.

A gas/liquid interface will be formed when the free volatilized methyl aldehyde gas begins to dissolve in to solution. On the basis of the traditional silver mirror reaction, silver nanoparticle–manganese oxyhydroxide–graphene oxide (Ag-MnOOH-GO) nanocomposite was synthesized at the gas/liquid interface without any protection of inert gas at room temprature. The morphology of the nanocomposites could be controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature and time. The morphology and composition of the nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The composites were then applied for electrochemical sensing. The electrochemical investigation for the sensor indicates that it has excellent property to catalyze H2O2, and could detect H2O2with a low detection limit of 0.2μM and wide linear range of 0.5 μM to 17.8 mM. The present study provides a general platform for the controlled synthesis of nanomaterials and can be extended to other optical, electronic, and magnetic nanocompounds.

A core-shell nanocomposite of manganese dioxide-silicon dioxide-silver nanoparticles (MnO2-SiO2-Ag) was synthesized via hierarchical assembly successfully and further fabricated in an electrochemical sensor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The composites were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The electrochemical investigation conducted by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry, reveals that the composites have excellent catalytic property toward H2O2. The sensor could detect H2O2 with a wide linear range from 2.0 umol*L[?]1 to 8.86 mmol*L[?]1 and a low detection limit of 0.7 umol*L[?]1 in N2-saturated phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.2). The sensor also shows reproducible and good stability. The study indicates MnO2-SiO2-Ag nanocomposite has great potential in the further practical applications.

City space is one of the matter forms of human civilization, so it’s space order has the same features as the change of culture(maybe there are some factors of lag).The city space order has developed from the single ethic order to the contrary syntheses of many kinds of orders. Because in the interland cities Xi’an and Beijing are both the capitals with largest history (especially they were imperial capitals for a long time in china’s history), they enjoy more notable fissility and contradictory compared with the coastal cities. The point of fissility and contradiction in these two cities is different by reason of the political, economic status and so forth. There is the fissility to some degree in the protection of the important history relic building and street, which have some similarity and difference in it. This article studies the changes of the city space order and the fissility in the protection of the history relic buildings and streets from the point of culture or in the words “humanism”. On the basis of the culture integration, the author put forward the integration of history buildings and streets protection, which would direct us reconstruct and protect our old city more reasonable.

The Chinese contemporary building’s history context is very important topic in today’s architecture design. Those are new needs in the speed time, which are the Fashion, national and local features, and adapting to the speed life. The Chinese contemporary building’s history context design should not be limited in the traditional form, which the “expressing the spirit and the soul of the history and following the time” is the new inheriting principles. Combining the development of time, some new strategies about this aspect are come into beings, which are inherited traditional architecture spatial pattern heritage and it’s improved about openness, unitized design about building style Which emphasized the whole region features, fashion design, changeability design on material, structure and construction techniques, and etc..

The city’s history context inherited is very important topic in today’s city plan and design. National and local features, following the life of today and fashion design are the needs in the speed time. Combining the examples, the author researched the main strategies about it, which are slow life strategy as the soul, emphasizing to inherit the whole regional space character, emphasizing the openness of the public space and creating the fashion about the city space’s history context.

Bulk nanocrystalline 304 stainless steel (nanocrystalline 304ss) discs had been successfully prepared by the commercial microcrystalline 304 stainless steel (microcrystalline 304ss) plate using severe rolling technique. Micro-hardness was measured to reveal the different mechanical behavior after the severe plastic deformation. The electrochemical corrosion resistance and ion release behavior after immersion of the samples were investigated in Hank’s solution for its potential use as implant and orthodontic appliance in body. Furthermore, murine fibroblast cells were indirectly employed to detect cytotoxicity by co-incubation with the extraction from the given materials. Haemocompatibility, consisting of hemolysis test and adhesion of the platelets, was also measured with fresh human whole blood and platelet-rich plasma respectively. Polarization resistance trials indicate that nanocrystalline 304ss is more corrosion resistant in the Hank’s solution, with lower current density and superficial corrosion morphologies. The release values of the biotoxic ions after immersion do not exceed the set limit and turn to be well below the critical value necessary to induce allergy and below daily dietary intake level. Cellular interaction is observed via the proliferated feature of the cell line. Hemolysis and platelet adhesion results elucidates that nanocrystalline 304ss is biological and hematologic compatible.

A new post-chemiluminescence (PCL) reaction was observed when piroxicam was injected into the reaction mixture after the CL reaction of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and luminol. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the studies of the CL kinetic characteristics, the CL spectra, fluorescence spectra and other experiments. A new flow injection CL method for the determination of piroxicam was established based on the PCL reaction. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the determination of piroxicam was 1.2% (n= 11, c= 2.0 × 10–6g/ml). The CL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of piroxicam in the range 1.0 × 10–7–1.0 × 10–5g/ml (r= 0.9991). The detection limit was 4.0 × 10–8g/ml. The method had been applied to the determination of piroxicam in tablets with satisfactory results.

A luminol–potassium ferricyanide–perphenazine CL reaction with high sensitivity for the determination of perphenazine was found. A perphenazine molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized. Using the perphenazine MIP as a recognition material, a novel molecular imprinting–chemiluminescence (MI-CL) sensor for the determination of perphenazine was made based on the luminol–potassium ferricyanide–perphenazine CL reaction. The sensor displayed good selectivity and high sensitivity. The linear-response range of the sensor was 5.0 × 10–8–1.0 × 10–5g/ml with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9961. The detection limit was 2 × 10–8g/ml perphenazine and the relative standard deviation for 1.0 × 10–6g/ml perphenazine solution was 3.7% (n= 11). The sensor was applied to the determination of perphenazine in urine samples with satisfactory results.

A core-shell nanocomposite of manganese dioxide-silicon dioxide-silver nanoparticles (MnO2-SiO2-Ag) was synthesized via hierarchical assembly successfully and further fabricated in an electrochemical sensor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The composites were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). The electrochemical investigation conducted by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry, reveals that the composites have excellent catalytic property toward H2O2. The sensor could detect H2O2with a wide linear range from 2.0 μmol·L−1to 8.86 mmol·L−1and a low detection limit of 0.7 μmol·L−1in N2-saturated phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7.2). The sensor also shows reproducible and good stability. The study indicates MnO2-SiO2-Ag nanocomposite has great potential in the further practical applications.