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Prior studies have focused on the clinical efficacy of combination therapy, donepezil and memantine, for patient's diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. As a result, it has become increasingly routine for providers to prescribe both medications for all-cause neurodegenerative disorders in variable stages of disease. However, the potential adverse drug reactions while described as mild can have serious sequelae in older adults who are already managing the side effects of polypharmacy. This study looks to explore the tolerability of switching cholinesterase inhibitors to memantine monotherapy versus adding memantine as combination therapy for all-cause neurodegenerative disorders.

The “No One Dies Alone” (NODA) program was initiated to provide compassionate companions to the bedside of dying patients. This study was designed to test the following hypotheses: (1) Empathy scores would be higher among medical students who volunteered to participate in the NODA program than nonvolunteers; (2) Spending time with dying patients would enhance empathy in medical students. Study sample included 525 first- and second-year medical students, 54 of whom volunteered to participate in the NODA program. Of these volunteers, 26 had the opportunity to visit a dying patient (experimental group), and 28 did not, due to scheduling conflicts (volunteer control group). The rest of the sample (n = 471) comprised the “nonvolunteer control group.” Comparisons of the aforementioned groups on scores of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy confirmed the first research hypothesis (P< .05, Cohen d= 0.37); the second hypothesis was not confirmed. This study has implications for the assessment of empathy in physicians-in-training, and timely for recruiting compassionate companion volunteers (armed with personal protective equipment) at the bedside of lonely dying patients infected by COVID-19.

The doctrine of the Trinity was fiercely contested in the English Enlightenment. This debate is of interest not simply because of the doctrinal articulations of the belligerents or their various approaches to the Scriptural text, but because it led to the consolidation of a precise understanding of the relationship between the sensus literalisand doctrine for Trinitarians and Antitrinitarians both. Antitrinitarians of the English Enlightenment came to agree that the sensus literaliscould be isolated by identifying the singular referent of each Scriptural word, but Trinitarians came to insist, to the contrary, that Scriptural words always refer within a larger canonical framework.

Many Early Modern Christians believed they could participate in the fulfillment of Adam's divine mandate to name the beasts. While some took an emblematic approach to this task, others embraced a taxonomic modality. The emblematic and taxonomic modes of naming can be distinguished through the study of two late-eighteenth-century children's catechisms, William Jones of Nayland's The Book of Natureand Sarah Trimmer's An Easy Introduction to the Knowledge of Nature.These catechisms confirm that the emblematic and taxonomic responses to Adam's mandate do not merely constitute different interpretations of Genesis 2:19. They constitute different understandings of the nature of catechesis and the identity of the Old Testament itself.

:Identifying patients at risk for mortality from COVID-19 is crucial to triage, clinical decision-making, and the allocation of scarce hospital resources. The 4C Mortality Score effectively predicts COVID-19 mortality, but it has not been validated in a United States (U.S.) population. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the 4C Mortality Score accurately predicts COVID-19 mortality in an urban U.S. adult inpatient population.