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Abstract:Markan interpreters have long observed that the words of the voice from heaven at Jesus's baptism in Mark 1:11, "You are my beloved son, in you I am well pleased," recall one or more passages from the LXX, most often Ps 2:7 and Isa 42:1. Yet few interpreters note that Mark 1:11 also bears remarkable similarity to another verse—Jer 38:20 LXX (31:20 MT)—in which God calls Israel his "beloved son." On closer inspection, there are reasons to believe that Mark alludes to this verse as well as to Ps 2:7 and Isa 42:1. In addition to the fact that Israel is the only entity known as God's "beloved son" in ancient Jewish literature outside the New Testament, Mark's prologue and Jer 38 are united by a common remembrance of Israel's exodus and the expectation of a new one. If this reading is correct, then Mark simultaneously identifies Jesus as God's royal son and the embodiment of God's original son, Israel, in one breath.

Abstract:Scholars have long recognized a resemblance between Jesus's prayer in Gethsemane and the Lord's Prayer in Matthew's Gospel (26:39–42; 6:9b–13), including the exact repetition of the words γενηθήτω τὸ θέλημά σου. Recent interpreters universally account for this resemblance by claiming that Gethsemane has been assimilated to the Lord's Prayer. Yet it was once common to argue the opposite: that Matthew's Lord's Prayer had been expanded based on Gethsemane (so Martin Dibelius and Eduard Schweizer). I argue that there are good reasons to reconsider and embrace this earlier view on the basis of (1) a redactional study of both passages in Matthew's Gospel; (2) a survey of the Gethsemane tradition elsewhere in the New Testament, as well as (3) Gethsemane in the history of interpretation; and (4) a consideration of Matthew's literary tendencies. An investigation of the Gethsemane tradition elsewhere in the New Testament and in the history of interpretation suggests that some form of the statement "thy will be done" was intrinsic to that tradition from the beginning. Yet the inclusion of such a petition in the Lord's Prayer appears to originate with Matthew. Finally, this study builds on Dale Allison's observation that Matthew foreshadows Jesus's passion via intratextual parallels in several other sections of his gospel. I conclude that Matthew has likewise read Jesus's passion into the Lord's Prayer via intra textual linkages to Gethsemane.

AbstractThis paper discusses the current literature on impacts and adaptation costs at the sectoral level. The focus is primarily the US, but includes examples on international applications that highlight key differences or other relevant demonstrations of method and data use. The paper provides an overall framework that addresses the components of economic impacts, including definitions of impacts, adaptation costs, and residual damages. The paper then focuses on understanding the current breadth and depth of the literature that exists to characterize what we know about economic sectors studied in the recent literature (agriculture, coastal resources, water resources, infrastructure, health, crime, energy, labor productivity, and ecosystems), how the methodologies differ, what the gaps and challenges are, and offers a sense of the impacts at the US national level. A new generation of impact studies, including the U.S. EPA’s ongoing Climate Impacts and Risk Analysis (CIRA) project; the new Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5 Working Group II report; the U.S. National Climate Assessment; and the Risky Business Project led by the Next Generation Foundation, provide the motivation for this review. These efforts, taken together, have advanced the state of US economic impact assessment work along two critical frontiers, both of which support benefit-cost analyses of climate change: assessment of the risk and economic consequences of extreme climatic events; and assessment of ecosystem effects. Yet, the latest work also highlights gaps in the lack of comprehensive sectoral coverage; more complete incorporation of adaptation opportunities in impact assessment; and critical cross- and multi-sectoral effects that remain poorly understood.

Sea‐level rise (SLR) increases the risk of permanent inundation of coastal lands and structures, while also increasing the risk of periodic damage from storms and risks to ecological resources. Prior studies have illustrated the importance of considering adaptation measures, such as armoring and beach nourishment, when estimating the economic cost of SLR, but these studies have taken the form either of careful, geographically limited case studies or national estimates based on limited samples. We present a framework for evaluating the economics of adaptation to permanent inundation from SLR that employs detailed local scale data and is spatially comprehensive, and apply the framework to estimate costs of adaptation for the full coastline of the continental US. Our results show that the economic cost of SLR is much larger than prior estimates suggest—more than $63 billion cumulative discounted cost (at 3%) for a 68 cm SLR by 2100, and $230 billion undiscounted—yet is only one‐fourth the total value of low‐lying property vulnerable to SLR, illustrating the importance of careful site‐specific consideration of adaptation. Further, the granularity of the framework provides spatial, temporal, and response mode details useful to both national policy‐makers and local adaptation planners, and can readily incorporate estimates of ecological and storm surge damages as they become available. WIREs Clim Change2011 2 89–98 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.90

The residual stresses within Allvac 718Plus bars built using LBPF with different laser powers, speeds and table displacements were measured using diffraction and mechanical methods and modelled with the baseplate attached and then removed. The residual stress profiles within the bars from the top surface down through the bulk were all quite similar, becoming less tensile due to a strain hardening mechanism. Table displacement has the greatest impact on residual stress, decreasing with increasing displacement/powder layer thickness. There was good agreement amongst the modeling and measurements. The microstructures were examined and varied slightly with energy density with higher densities having larger grains and enhanced post solidification diffusion. Energy density had minimal impact on the residuals stresses within the parameters to produce dense material.

The text and associated Supplemental Materials contribute internally consistent and therefore entirely comparable regional, temporal, and sectoral risk profiles to a growing literature on regional economic vulnerability to climate change. A large collection of maps populated with graphs of Monte-Carlosimulation results support a communication device in this regard — a convenient visual that we hope will make comparative results tractable and credible and resource allocation decisions more transparent. Since responding to climate change is a risk-management problem, it is important to note that these results address both sides of the risk calculation. They characterize likelihood distributions along four alternative emissions futures (thereby reflecting the mitigation side context); and they characterize consequences along these transient trajectories (which can thereby inform planning for the iterative adaptation side). Looking across the abundance of sectors that are potentially vulnerable to some of the manifestations of climate change, the maps therefore hold the potential of providing comparative information about the magnitude, timing, and regional location of relative risks. This is exactly the information that planners who work to protect property and public welfare by allocating scarce resources across competing venues need to have at their disposal — information about relative vulnerabilities across time and space and contingent on future emissions and future mitigation. It is also the type of information that integrated assessment researchers need to calibrate and update their modeling efforts — scholars who are exemplified by Professor Nordhaus who created and exercised the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy and Regional Integrated Climate-Economy models.

Future climate change is expected to lengthen and intensify pollen seasons in the USA, potentially increasing incidence of allergic asthma. We examined the health consequences of present day oak pollen levels and climate-induced changes in oak pollen on asthma emergency department visits in the USA.