Search

In 1997, The Gambia became the first African country to introduce conjugate Haemophilus influenzaetype b (Hib) vaccine with good disease control through to 2010.

With an industrial era characterized by new regulations aiming at protecting costumers and the global environment, manufacturers have to be more effective in delivering products that meet customers requirement but also, they have to be apt to dispose of the products properly whenever customers decide to return them. The traditional role of material selection and process design are challenged to take these issues into consideration and provide more effective solutions for the entire (closed-loop) supply chain. We aim at studying the impact of material and process selection decisions in the design of the reverse supply chain. We present an integrated approach that consolidates these design frameworks, and also a total cost approach to be used to set products end of life management decisions.

Identification of highly performing varieties under Senegalese environment is crucial to sustain rice production. Genotype-environment interaction and stability performance on the grain yield of ten upland rice genotypes were investigated across 11 environments in Senegal during the rainy seasons of 2016 and 2017 to identify adapted varieties. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at each environment. Data on grain yield were recorded and analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The combined analysis of variance revealed that the grain yield was significantly affected by environment (67.9%), followed by genotype × environment (G × E) interaction (23.6%) and genotype (8.5%). The first two principal component axes were highly significant with 37.5 and 26% of the total observed G × E interaction variation, respectively. GGE biplot grouped the environments into four potential megaenvironments. Based on the yield stability index parameter and ranking GGE biplot, NERICA 8 and ART3-7-L9P8-1-B-B-1 were stable and high-yielding varieties compared to the local check NERICA 6. These varieties should be proposed for cultivation in order to sustain the rice production in the southern part of the groundnut basin of Senegal and used as parental lines in rice breeding program for grain yield improvement.