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Durante el periodo inicial del confinamiento por la COVID-19 se tomaron una serie de medidas de restricción que modificaron el día a día de la población. En este estudio se buscó conocer el impacto de este periodo en la salud física y mental de niños y jóvenes con discapacidad originada en la infancia, y de sus familias, y describir los cambios que se produjeron en el acceso a la educación y a los servicios de salud.

Candida aurises una levadura emergente multirresistente.

Evaluar el impacto de un cambio organizativo en la gestión del proceso musculoesquelético en nuestra Área de Gestión Sanitaria (AGS) estudiando los cambios en la capacidad de resolución de estos procesos mediante la derivación a la especialidad útil.

Congenital syphilis (CS) is caused by Treponema palliduminfection in utero. There is a need to develop new tools to diagnose CS: the diagnostic value of PCR is difficult to assess. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of mothers and infants with CS as diagnosed by PCR tests on various maternal and neonatal samples.

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Modifications to the Dortu-Muller DC drain current model for GaAs MESFET/HEMT devices that enable the dynamic output characteristics of the device to be simulated under different temperature and static bias [...]

The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) is an obligate carnivore whose dietary preference is determined at an early age. As a neophobic specie, it is very difficult to change an adult ferret's diet. The aim of this study was to assess the palatability and the digestive tolerance of a new commercial low carbohydrates/protein rich dry diet formulated for kitten in two populations: reproductive ferrets belonging to a farm and in neutered pet owner's ferrets. The new kibbles were progressively added following a transition phase then the palatability and digestive tolerance were monitored. Palatability was very satisfying. Indeed, 26.31% and 38% of farm and pet owner ferrets respectively consumed immediately the new diet. Hundred percent of farm ferrets consumed it at the end of the dietary transition and 80% of pet owner ferrets at the end of the study. Digestive tolerance was good as some stool changes were observed in the transition period but faeces rapidly returned to normal for most animals. Further, a notable weight gain was observed in farm ferrets, which is a significant factor in ensuring good breeding performance. This new dry diet seems to constitute a balanced nutritional alternative, very palatable and well tolerated from a digestive standpoint.

L-theanine is an aminoacid found in tea leaves which has relaxing effects in humans and animals. It is a structural analogue of glutamate which can bind glutamate receptors. Although the relaxing action of L-theanine has been shown in humans, laboratory animals and dogs, it has never been published in cats. The goal of this open-label, multicentre and prospective trial was to determine whether an L-theanine based oral supplement (Anxitane®, Virbac, France) could attenuate manifestations of stress in cats under field conditions. Thirty-three privately owned cats presenting signs associated with stress or fear (inappropriate urination/defecation, fear-induced aggressiveness, hypervigilance/tenseness or physical/functional manifestations of stress) for at least 1 month, were included in the study. They were given L-theanine (Anxitane®, 25 mg twice a day) for 30 days and 20 stress-related parameters were scored at Days 0, 15 and 30. The evolution of some parameters was also rated relative to Day 0. All median scores of the 20 parameters were significantly reduced at D30, and 30/33 cats (91%) had a reduced global score at the end of the study, including 21/33 with ≥50% score reduction. The median (IQR) global scores went from 18 (13–23) at D0 to 11 (8–13) at D15 and 5 (3–12) at D30 (p< 0.0001; Friedman test; significant reduction starting from D15). All the stress-related signs were significantly improved compared to D0, according to the owners, especially inappropriate elimination. Tablet palatability was judged good or very good in 94% of cases with spontaneous intake by cats when given by hand or in food. Tolerance was satisfactory as well, and no side effects were reported, so that most owners (27/33; 82%) were satisfied with the product. Despite the lack of a placebo group, it can be concluded that L-theanine (Anxitane®) helped to improve the undesirable manifestations of stress in cats in as soon as 15 days, though better results could be seen after 30 days of administration. These encouraging results show that L-theanine can help manage stress-related behaviour, but additional trials with a placebo group should be run to confirm this effect.

In 2015, the second cycle of the CONCORD programme established global surveillance of cancer survival as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems and to inform global policy on cancer control. CONCORD-3 updates the worldwide surveillance of cancer survival to 2014.

La distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) es una enfermedad neuromuscular grave que afecta a uno de cada 3.500 varones nacidos y sigue un patrón de herencia ligada al cromosoma X. En esta enfermedad se observa una ausencia total de la distrofina, generalmente debida a mutaciones en el gen DMD, que altera la pauta de lectura y en torno al 80% de los casos son debidos a deleciones y duplicaciones de uno o más exones.

Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in differences in cancer survival. The CONCORD programme was designed to assess worldwide differences and trends in population-based cancer survival. In this population-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood leukaemia.

Quantifying and understanding the small‐scale variability of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission are essential for reporting accurate ecosystem greenhouse gas budgets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial pattern of soil CO2and N2O emissions and their relation to topography in a tropical montane forest. We measured fluxes of N2O and CO2from 810 sampling locations across valley bottom, midslope, and ridgetop positions under controlled laboratory conditions. We further calculated the minimum number of samples necessary to provide best estimates of soil N2O and CO2fluxes at the plot level. Topography exhibited a major influence on N2O emissions, with soils at midslope position emitting significantly less than at ridgetops and valley bottoms, but no consistent effect of topography on soil CO2emissions was found. The high spatial variation of N2O and CO2fluxes was further increased by changes in vegetation and soil properties resulting from human disturbance associated with charcoal production. Soil N2O and CO2fluxes showed no spatial pattern at the plot level, with “hot spots” strongly contributing to the total emissions (10% of the soil cores represented 73 and 50% of the total N2O and CO2emissions, respectively). Thus, a large number of samples are needed to obtain robust estimates of N2O and CO2fluxes. Our results highlight the complex biogeochemical cycling in tropical montane forests, and the need to carefully address it in research experiments to robustly estimate soil CO2and N2O fluxes at the ecosystem scale. We evaluated the spatial variability of soil CO2and N2O emissions and their relation to topography in a tropical montane forestSoils at midslope position emitted less N2O than at ridgetop and valley bottom, while no effect of topography on soil CO2fluxes was foundSoil N2O and CO2fluxes show no spatial pattern at plot level, with “hot spots” strongly contributing to the total emissions

For the first time, four dedicated hydrographic cruises—one in each season—took place in 2015 around the Canary Islands to determine the seasonality of the flows at the eastern boundary of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. The Canary Current (CC) is the eastern boundary current of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre and links the Azores Current with the North Equatorial Current. The 2015 estimations show that the CC has a seasonal behavior in its path and strength, flowing on its easternmost position in winter (3.4 ± 0.3 Sv), through the Canary Islands in spring (2.1 ± 0.7 Sv) and summer (2.0 ± 0.6 Sv) and on its westernmost position in fall (3.2 ± 0.4 Sv). At the Lanzarote Passage (LP), the dominant flow is southward except in fall, where a northward transport is observed at the surface (1.1 ± 0.3 Sv) and intermediate (1.3 ± 0.2 Sv) layers. Combining all the available transport estimations, a historical composite observational seasonal cycle is constructed which fits the 2015 seasonal cycle. Hence, a solid seasonal cycle is constructed supported by all the available observations in the area. The LP seasonal cycle and its seasonal amplitude match the seasonal cycle and amplitude of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) measured by the RAPID‐MOCHA data array. These results indicate that the seasonal cycle of the AMOC of the RAPID‐MOCHA data array is driven by the dynamics of the eastern boundary current system. In this study, we explore for the first time the seasonal cycle of the main ocean currents existing at the eastern side of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre using data from four cruises that took place in each season in 2015. The Canary Current (CC) is the southward flow that connects the Azores Current with the North Equatorial Current. The 2015 estimations show that CC shifts westward from winter to fall. In addition, it also changes transport seasonally being the weakest in spring and summer, and the strongest in fall. The Lanzarote Passage (LP) is the geographical area between Lanzarote and Africa, it is considered to be the eastern end of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Through the LP the flow is mainly southward except in fall when the flow reverses. A composite seasonal cycle arises from combining all the available observations with the outputs of this study. The LP seasonal amplitude and cycle match the ones of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) measured by the RAPID‐MOCHA data array. These results indicate that this seasonal cycle of the AMOC is driven by the dynamics of the eastern boundary currents. The Canary Current varies its path and strength seasonally, moving westward from winter to fall and being the strongest in fallAt the Lanzarote Passage (LP), the flow is southward throughout the year except in fall when it reverses at the surface and intermediate layersThe LP seasonal cycle and its amplitude correlate with the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation as measured by the RAPID‐MOCHA array The Canary Current varies its path and strength seasonally, moving westward from winter to fall and being the strongest in fall At the Lanzarote Passage (LP), the flow is southward throughout the year except in fall when it reverses at the surface and intermediate layers The LP seasonal cycle and its amplitude correlate with the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation as measured by the RAPID‐MOCHA array

An experimental and analytical study of two cases of static preload (uniaxial and biaxial) was made to determine the response of structural plate elements subjected to high velocity impacts under in-plane tensile preloading conditions. The results were compared with those obtained in non-preloading specimens. Rectangular specimens were used for the uniaxial and non-preload tests, while cross-shaped specimens were used for the biaxial tests. The impacts were made by spherical projectiles travelling at velocities from 140 to 525 m/s. As a general result, the existence of a static preloading on the specimen was found to affect the ballistic limit and the damaged area. The biaxial preload specimens showed the higher ballistic limit and the damaged area was slightly bigger in the non-preloaded specimens. From the analytical model, the ballistic limit calculated for the non-loaded specimens showed a difference of 16% from the experimental values, and in the preloaded specimens the model did not show showed the same tendency as that observed experimentally.

The use of dynamic one-point bending tests as an alternative to three-point bending tests allows fracture properties such as dynamic initiation fracture toughness to be obtained at high strain rate. To perform this kind of test, experimental devices based on modifications of the Hopkinson bar can be used. Several authors have been proposed simplified procedures to obtain the dynamic stress intensity factor, $K_{I}(t)$, considering the specimen as a Timoshenko cracked beam subjected to a concentrated load at the central cross-section. The disadvantage of this procedure is that normally it is difficult to measure the force applied to the specimen in the above-mentioned tests. Here a simplified method is proposed for the calculation of $K_{I}(t),$based on an analysis of the behaviour of a Timoshenko cracked beam, knowing the displacement of the point of loading, which can be measured more accurately than the applied load. The results were compared with those of a finite element numerical simulation and good agreement was found.

The effect of temperature on impact damage in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) tape laminates produced by low velocity impact was studied by numerical simulations made to model drop weight tower impact tests on carbon/epoxy laminate composites. The damage model was implemented into a user subroutine of the finite element code ABAQUS. The model takes into account the thermal stresses resulting form the different thermal expansion coefficients in each ply of the laminate. The tests and simulations show how temperature affects the propagation of each damage mode. Matrix cracking and delamination are greatly affected by low temperature, white matrix crushing and fibre failure appear only in a small region at all the impact energies and test temperatures.

The influence of high velocity impacts on CFRPs was studied by launching Spherical steel masses, at velocities from 60 $m/s$to 550 $m/s$, against carbon fiber/epoxy woven laminates. The extension of the damage induced in the laminate was measured by C-Scan. Finite element numerical simulation of the impact test used a failure model based on the Chang-Chang model. A comparison was made of the damaged areas resulting from non-destructive inspection of the specimens and those predicted by numerical simulation. To conclue the analysis, an analytical model developed by Cantwell-Morton was used to calculate the residual velocity of the projectile after perforation. The residual velocities predicted by numerical and by analytical models, were also compared.

A new material composed of a polymer matrix loaded with ceramic partiales, at low cost and of higher ballistic efficiency than that of the metallic materials used for armouring applications, is proposed as an alternative to the ceramic tiles traditionally adopted for mixed panels. An engineering model was developed to simulate normal impacts of projectiles against this particulate composite backed by a metallic plate. The equation governing the erosion of projectile and ceramic is that proposed by Tate and Alekseevskii, modifie to consider a moving target. For the volume of particulate composite between the projectile and the metallic plate, an equation was derived to include a momentum balance. For the metallic plate, an energy balance equation was used. When the projectile has eliminated the ceramic/polymer composite and meets the plate, the model of Awerbuch & Bodner is adopted, again modifie to consider a moving target. ln this way, the impact process is described by a set of non-linear differential equations, to be integrated in time. The model was validated with experimental results and with full numerical simulations and showed agreement with both of them.

Dynamic three point bending fracture tests performed in a modified Hopkinson Bar are used to obtain material fracture properties (such as the fracture-initiation toughness) at high strain rates. This work presents a three-dimensional numerical analysis of the aforementioned tests, performed by the Finite Element Method, implemented in the commercial code ABAQUS. The relationship between the Stress Intensity Factor and the Crack Mouth Opening Displacement was examined and compared with the bidinensional one, The results indicate that the use of 2D plane strain solutions can underestimate the fracture properties.

Objective:: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has been described as a rescue therapy in severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with a potential protective effect in immature lungs. In recent times, HFOV combined with the use of volume guarantee (VG) strategy has demonstrated an independent effect of the frequency on tidal volume to increase carbon-dioxide (CO2) elimination. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using the lowest tidal volume on HFOV+VG to prevent lung damage, maintaining a constant CO2elimination by increasing the frequency. Study Design:: Newborn infants with RDS on HFOV were prospectively included. After adequate and stable ventilation using a standard HFOV strategy, the tidal volume was fixed using VG and decreased while the frequency was increased to the highest possible to maintain a constant CO2elimination. Pre- and post-PCO2, delta pressure and tidal volume obtained in each situation were compared. Result:: Twenty-three newborn infants were included. It was possible to increase the frequency while decreasing the tidal volume in all patients, maintaining a similar CO2elimination, with a tendency to a lower mean PCO2after reaching the highest frequency. High-frequency tidal volume was significantly lower, 2.20?ml?kg-1before vs 1.59?ml?kg-1at the highest frequency. Conclusion:: It is possible to use lower delivered tidal volumes during HFOV combined with VG and higher frequencies with adequate ventilation to allow minimizing lung injury.

Les implants de desloréline utilisés dans le contrôle de la reproduction peuvent-ils avoir un intérêt dans la gestion de certains troubles du comportement ? Pour commencer à répondre à cette question, un essai testimonial sur 9 chiens mâles a été mis en place. Ces animaux pouvaient être inclus sur un ou plusieurs des cinq motifs suivants : chevauchement, fugue, marquage urinaire, agressivité intra-spécifique ou agressivité inter-spécifique. Les animaux ont été implantés avec 4,7mg de desloréline et suivis pendant 6 mois. Le succès à la fin de l’étude était défini par une réduction d’au moins 50 % du nombre d’occurrences du motif principal ET par une note d’évaluation de l’évolution du cas, donnée par le propriétaire de l’animal à la fin de l’étude, au moins égale à 6 (sur 10). Les 9 cas ont été classés en succès. Pour 8 d’entre eux le nombre d’occurrences du motif principal était de 0 à la fin de l’étude, le 9emontrait une réduction de 90 %. Dans cette étude, les chevauchements, le marquage urinaire et les agressions intra-spécifiques ont été les symptômes les plus sensibles au traitement. Ceci demande une confirmation par une étude avec plus de cas et une population témoin.

Background/Objectives:: High intakes of unprocessed red or processed meat may increase the risk of stroke. We aimed to examine the association between unprocessed red meat, processed meat and total red meat consumption and risk of total stroke and ischaemic stroke. Subjects/Methods:: Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted based on the data for 41 020 men and women aged 29–69 years at baseline. Results:: During a mean follow-up of 13.8 years, 674 incident cases of stroke (531 ischaemic strokes, 79 haemorrhagic strokes, 42 subarachnoid haemorrhages and 22 mixed or unspecified events) were identified. After multiple adjustment, unprocessed red meat, processed meat and total red meat consumption were not correlated with incidence of total stroke or ischaemic stroke in either men or women. The hazard ratios (HRs) for unprocessed red meat and processed meat and risk of total stroke comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles were, respectively, 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54–1.21; P-trend=0.15) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.64–1.32; P-trend=0.82) in men and 1.21 (95% CI 0.79–1.85; P-trend=0.10) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.51–1.27; P-trend=0.17) in women. The HRs for unprocessed red meat and processed meat and risk of ischaemic stroke were, respectively, 0.80 (95% CI 0.51–1.25; P-trend=0.51) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.57–1.29; P-trend=0.77) in men and 1.24 (95% CI 0.74–2.05; P-trend=0.13) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.47–1.42; P-trend=0.31) in women. Conclusions:: In the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption were not associated with risk of stroke in men or women.

The dynamic behaviour of two commercial metal matrix composites with discontinuous reinforcement (A12618, 20%Al2O3and A359, 20%CSi) was tested using a Split Hopkinson pressure bar with a furnace coupled to the bars for dynamic compression tests at high temperature. The influence on the dynamic properties of strain rate, temperature (23-400C) and heating time before the test was analysed. The materials were tested in free temper state and after heat treatment, and presented very different behaviour. A decrease in the elastic limit was observed as temperature increased. The elastic limit increased slightly as the strain rate increased.

Considering that the transport sector is responsible for 30% of the CO2emissions in the EU, reaching up to 40% in urban areas, the efforts for technological improvements and innovation in transportation have been increasing during the last few decades. It is evident that urban freight distribution requires innovative solutions that are capable of improving the efficiency of transport whilst promoting innovative use of renewable energy, thus reducing energy consumption and associated GHG emissions while adopting and not stifling economic development. In this context, six Mediterranean cities (Barcelona, Bologna, Piraeus, Rijeka and Valencia)) collaborated with the purpose of contributing to the improvement of energy efficiency on urban freight transport as part of the SMILE Project (2015) (SMart green Innovative urban Logistics Models for Energy efficient mediterranean cities project), funded by the MED Programme. The SMILE project aims to improve the energy efficiency of Mediterranean cities through the promotion of innovative ‘green’ and cost effective solutions for urban freight logistics, addressing the target of green and smart urban development. This paper shows the results of the live test of smart city urban logistics solutions in the cities of Barcelona and Valencia that consisted of combining the use of electric tricycles and Transhipment terminals (or Urban Consolidation Centres) for the last-mile delivery of parcels and small shipments. A thoughtful analysis of the quantitative outcomes of the pilot test in both cities are presented from different perspectives: economical, operational, energy efficiency, environmental and social.

We report measurements and calculations of the differential cross sections for elastic scattering of low-energy electrons by pentane, C5H12. The incident energies measured are at 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, and 100 eV, and the calculations covered energies up to 100 eV. The range of experimental scattering angles is from 5° to 130°. We compare our experimental and theoretical values to each other and to available experimental and theoretical data for linear n-alkanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/calcium oxide (PMMA/CaO) nanocomposite in the form of solution has been successfully prepared by mixing CaO nanoparticles and PMMA obtained by a free radical polymerization. For comparative studies, pure PMMA coating was also prepared to determine the influence of CaO nanoparticles incorporation into PMMA matrix on the properties behavior. Fourier transform infrared technique was used to study the synthesis of PMMA and PMMA/CaO nanocomposite. The coating thickness was determined by profilometry; it was increased from 97 to 107 µm, when CaO nanoparticles were added. The surface morphology of the coatings was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The wear tests for PMMA/CaO and PMMA coatings on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene substrates were carried out on a pin-on-disktribometer in dry conditions with normal loads ranging from 2 to 10 N. The friction coefficient behavior of PMMA coating was improved by the addition of CaO nanoparticles; however, volume loss and wear rate values were slightly higher for PMMA/CaO coatings than those corresponding to PMMA coatings. Microhardness of PMMA and PMMA/CaO coatings was also evaluated by Vickers measurements, revealing an increase of one order of magnitude for PMMA/CaO coating.

Left ventricular noncompaction is a relatively newly defined disorder of the endomyocardium characterized by prominent ventricular trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. It is important that clinician can recognise and differentiate this condition from other forms of cardiomyopathy as treatment and prognosis may differ significantly. We report two cases of left ventricular non-compaction in the emergency department with different forms of presentations. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2015;22:108-112)

An experimental and numerical analysis of tensile tests in the Hopkinson bar is made to assess the suitability of this method to characterize materials in tension conditions at strain rates about 1000 s-1. The stress and strain fields that appear in the specimen are analyzed by the finite element method to check the hypotheses normally used in obtaining results : equilibrium situation and uniform strain distribution in the specimen. The simulation process also provides some criteria to design the experimental set up and the specimen geometry for the best agreement with the ideal situation. Finally, due to the non-uniform strain distribution in the specimen, some corrections are suggested to obtain reliable material properties from test results.

This paper deals with the analytical modelling of fibre-reinforced polymeric matrix composites under impact loading. Two types of composites are considered in this paper depending on their fibre architecture : unidirectional fibres and woven fabric composites. The impacting projectiles involved correspond to low caliber ammunition. After studying the impact behaviour of a single fibre, a simplified impact model is presented. The model is then extended to incorporate the fibre architecture and the matrix effects. Finally, the results predicted by the model are compared with experimental evidence, illustrating the model possibilities.