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BackgroundThe National Health Service Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (NHS BCSP) aims to detect individuals who have precancerous polyps or early stage cancer, when it is easier to treat. To be effective, a screening uptake of at least 52% is required. Variations in uptake by demographic characteristic are reported and the aim of this study was to better understand who participates in the NHS BCSP, to inform action to address inequalities in screening uptake.MethodsInvitation-level data for the Derbyshire population were supplied by the NHS BCSP Eastern Hub for the period 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2016. Data were linked by postal code to the Mosaic Public Sector Segmentation tool. Descriptive analysis using 14 groups and 61 types within Mosaic was undertaken to offer insight into the demographic, lifestyle and behavioural traits of people living in small geographies against their screening uptake, with a particular focus on identifying population groups with an uptake below 52% and so at risk of health inequalities.Results180 176 screening invitations were dispatched with an overall uptake of 60.55%. Six Mosaic groups have an uptake below the 52% acceptable level: urban cohesion, rental hubs, transient renters, family basics, vintage value and municipal tenants. These groups are characterised by high levels of social-rented accommodation, multicultural urban communities and transient populations.ConclusionSegmentation tools offer an effective way to generate novel insights into bowel cancer screening uptake and develop tailored strategies for working with identified communities to increase participation.

Eusynstyelamides A−C (1−3) were isolated from the Great Barrier Reef ascidian Eusynstyela latericius, together with the known metabolites homarine and trigonelline. The structures of 1−3, with relative configurations, were elucidated by interpretation of their spectroscopic data (NMR, MS, UV, IR, and CD). The NMR data of 1were found to be virtually identical to that reported for eusynstyelamide (4), isolated from E. misakiensis, indicating that a revision of the structure of 4is needed. Eusynstyelamides A−C exhibited inhibitory activity against neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), with IC50values of 41.7, 4.3, and 5.8 μM, respectively, whereas they were found to be nontoxic toward the three human tumor cell lines MCF-7 (breast), SF-268 (CNS), and H-460 (lung). Compounds 1and 2displayed mild inhibitory activity toward Staphylococcus aureus(IC505.6 and 6.5 mM, respectively) and mild inhibitory activity toward the C4plant regulatory enzyme pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) (IC50values of 19 and 20 mM, respectively).

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