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Today's organisations need to adapt to digital change to stay competitive. Organisations are required to deploy and use digital developments to achieve strategic goals. In addition to high costs, the introduction of new technologies also requires the persuasion of employees because the end-user is the use of these new systems of employees. Therefore, in addition to considering the costs of deploying new technologies, managers must consider ways to persuade and increase the willingness of employees to use the new system. If employees resist new technology and do not use it, performance will decline. This study investigates the type of employee acceptance (willingness or compulsion) on perceived job performance to determine to what extent the type of acceptance affects performance. The results show that if employees willingly accept and use new technology, their perceived job performance is higher than when they use management by force.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a pivotal role in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its complications by targeting the cellular transcription factors required for gene expression or directly binding to HBV transcripts. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes affect their expression and the regulation of target genes, clinical course, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions of HBV infection. Methods: Computational assessment and cataloging of miRNA gene polymorphisms targeting mRNA transcripts straightly or indirectly through the regulation of hepatitis B infection by annotating the functional impact of SNPs on mRNA-miRNA and miRNA-RBS (miRNA binding sites) interaction were screened by applying various universally available datasets such as the miRNA SNP3.0 software. Results: 2987 SNPs were detected in 139 miRNAs affecting hepatitis B infection. Among them, 313 SNPs were predicted to have a significant role in the progression of hepatitis B infection. The computational analysis also revealed that 45 out of the 313 SNPs were located in the seed region and were more important than others. Has-miR-139-3p had the largest number of SNPs in the seed region (n=6). On the other hand, proteoglycans in cancer, adherens junction, lysine degradation, NFkappa B signaling cascade, ECM-receptor binding, viral carcinogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, TGF-beta signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, immune evasion related pathways, and fatty acid biosynthesis were the most important pathways affected by these 139 miRNAs. Conclusion: The results revealed 45 SNPs in the seed region of 25 miRNAs as the catalog in miRNA genes that regulated the hepatitis B infection. The results also showed the most important pathways regulated by these miRNAs that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.

Background: Due to the broad influence and reversible nature of microRNA (miRNA) on theexpression and regulation of target genes, researchers suggest that miRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in miRNA genes interfere with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug resistance in colorectalcancer chemotherapy. Methods: Computational assessment and cataloging of miRNA gene polymorphisms that target mRNAtranscripts directly or indirectly through regulation of 5-FU chemoresistance in CRC were screened outby applying various universally accessible datasets such as miRNA SNP3.0 software. Results: 1255 SNPs in 85 miRNAs affecting 5-FU resistance (retrieved from literature) were detected.Computational analysis showed that 167 from 1255 SNPs alter microRNA expression levels leading toinadequate response to 5-FU resistance in CRC. Among these 167 SNPs, 39 were located in the seedregion of 25/85 miRNA and were more critical than other SNPs. Has-miR-320a-5p with 4 SNP in seedregion was miRNA with the most number of SNPs. On the other hand, it has been identified that proteoglycanin cancer, adherents junction, ECM-receptor interaction, Hippo signaling pathway, TGF-beta signalingcascade, biosynthesis of fatty acid, and fatty acid metabolism were the most important pathwaystargeted by these 85 predicted miRNAs. Conclusion: Our data suggest 39 SNPs in the seed region of 25 miRNAs as catalog in miRNA genes thatcontrol the 5-FU resistance in CRC. These data also identify the most important pathways regulated bymiRNA.

Background: The selection of a suitable signal peptide that can direct recombinant proteins from the cytoplasm to the extracellular space is an important criterion affecting the production of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli, a widely used host. Nanobodies are currently attracting the attention of scientists as antibody alternatives due to their specific properties and feasibility of production in E. coli. Objective: CD44 nanobodies constitute a potent therapeutic agent that can block CD44/HA interaction in cancer and inflammatory diseases. This molecule may also function as a drug against cancer cells and has been produced previously in E. coli without a signal peptide sequence. The goal of this project was to find a suitable signal peptide to direct CD44 nanobody extracellular secretion in E. coli that will potentially lead to optimization of experimental methods and facilitate downstream steps such as purification. Methods: We analyzed 40 E. coli derived signal peptides retrieved from the Signal Peptide database and selected the best candidate signal peptides according to relevant criteria including signal peptide probability, stability, and physicochemical features, which were evaluated using signalP software version 4.1 and the ProtParam tool, respectively. Results: In this in silico study, suitable candidate signal peptide(s) for CD44 nanobody secretory expression were identified. CSGA, TRBC, YTFQ, NIKA, and DGAL were selected as appropriate signal peptides with acceptable D-scores, and appropriate physicochemical and structural properties. Following further analysis, TRBC was selected as the best signal peptide to direct CD44 nanobody expression to the extracellular space of E. coli. Conclusion: The selected signal peptide, TRBC is the most suitable to promote high-level secretory production of CD44 nanobodies in E. coli and potentially will be useful for scaling up CD44 nanobody production in experimental research as well as in other CD44 nanobody applications. However, experimental work is needed to confirm the data.

Background: Escherichia coli host has been the workhorse for the production of heterologous proteins due to simplicity of use, low cost, availability of various expression vectors, and a plethora of knowledge on its genetic characteristics, but without a suitable signal sequence, this host cannot be used for the production of secretory proteins. Humulin is a form of insulin used to treat hyperglycemia caused by types 1 and 2 diabetes. To improve expression and make a straightforward production of Humulin protein, we chose a series of signal peptides. Objective: The aim of this study was to predict the most excellent signal peptides to express secretory Humulin in E. coli organism. Methods: Therefore, to forecast the most excellent signal peptides for expression of Humulin in Escherichia coli, 47 signal sequences from bacteria organisms were elected and the most imperative elements of them were studied. Hence, signal peptide probability along with physicochemical features was evaluated by signal 4.1, and Portparam, PROSO II servers respectively. Later, the in- -silico cloning in a known pET28a plasmid system also estimated the possibility of best signal peptide+ Humulin expression in E. coli. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that among 47 signal peptides only 2 signal peptides can be considered as suitable signal peptides. Conclusion: Ultimately protein yebF precursor (YEBF_ECOLI) and protein yebF precursor (YEBF_YERP3) were suggested as the most excellent signal peptides to express Humulin (With D scores 0.812 and 0.623, respectively). Although verification of these results warrants experimental analysis.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are often the consequence of alterations in structures and functions of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in patients. Despite obtaining massive genomic information concerning the molecular basis of these diseases and since the neurological disorders are multifactorial, causal connections between pathological pathways at the molecular level and CNS disorders development have remained obscure and need to be elucidated to a great extent. Objective: Animal models serve as accessible and valuable tools for understanding and discovering the roles of causative factors in the development of neurodegenerative disorders and finding appropriate treatments. Contrary to rodents and other small animals, large animals, especially non-human primates (NHPs), are remarkably similar to humans; hence, they establish suitable models for recapitulating the main human’s neuropathological manifestations that may not be seen in rodent models. In addition, they serve as useful models to discover effective therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders due to their similarity to humans in terms of physiology, evolutionary distance, anatomy, and behavior. Methods: In this review, we recommend different strategies based on the CRISPR-Cas9 system for generating animal models of human neurodegenerative disorders and explaining in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 delivery procedures that are applied to disease models for therapeutic purposes. Results: With the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 as a modern specific gene-editing technology in the field of genetic engineering, genetic modification procedures such as gene knock-in and knock-out have become increasingly easier compared to traditional gene targeting techniques. Unlike the old techniques, this versatile technology can efficiently generate transgenic large animal models without the need to complicate lab instruments. Hence, these animals can accurately replicate the signs of neurodegenerative disorders. Conclusion: Preclinical applications of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology supply a unique opportunity to establish animal models of neurodegenerative disorders with high accuracy and facilitate perspectives for breakthroughs in the research on the nervous system disease therapy and drug discovery. Furthermore, the useful outcomes of CRISPR applications in various clinical phases are hopeful for their translation to the clinic in a short time.

Continuous improvement in organisations and knowledge of the current status of processes requires the use of BPM maturity models. Organisations use these maturity models to evaluate and serve as guidance for improvement. So far, several maturity models have been developed by various researchers, each of which has focused on different dimensions of BPM. A new approach to the development of these models is to provide maturity models focused on one dimension. Special maturity models for process and governance dimensions have been presented. However, due to the special importance of the strategy in BPM, no model has been specifically designed to measure BPM maturity in the strategy dimension. This study tried to analyse the public maturity models for BPM from the angle of strategy and, based on them, was proposed a model for measuring the BPM maturity in the strategy dimension. Finally, the proposed model is implemented in a case study of university.

Considering the ever-growing use of Hammer model as a prominent process maturity model, it is the necessity to validate it by quantitative methods. In the case study, a statistical sample of 82 processes and 383 sub-processes were prepared by data triangulation (including survey, analysis of organisational documents and interview). Confirmatory factor analysis was used for data analysis. The data confirmed the Hammer's theoretical model as a suitable tool for measuring the maturity of processes. For the case study, the design of the process was the most effective factor and the maturity of processes was slightly higher than the average at 95% confidence level.

Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) is one of the most widely used traditional therapeutic plants. It possesses important classes of bioactive compounds, among which thymoquinone, as the major bioactive component of the essential oil, has attracted noteworthy attention due to its active role in treating various disorders. N. sativa can induce a wide range of pharmacological functions, including anti-oxidative stress responses, antidiabetic, anticancer, cell apoptosis, increased membrane permeability, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilatory, hepato-protective, renal protective, gastro-protective, and antioxidant properties. The seeds of N. sativa, commonly known as black seed or black cumin, show many potential pharmacological roles and are utilized in folk (herbal) medicine all over the world for the treatment and prevention of a various range of diseases and conditions, including asthma, cancers, inflammatory situations, type 2 diabetes mellitus disorders, bacterial and viral infections, and dyslipidemia. This review outlines the main pharmacological properties of N. sativa and its components due to their potential wide applications for a large variety of human diseases. The seeds constitute fixed and essential oils, proteins, alkaloids and saponin. Much of the biological function of the seeds has been demonstrated to be due to thymoquinone. Beneficial influences of the seeds application and thymoquinone might be contributed to their cytoprotective and antioxidant functions and their effect on immune response and some inflammatory mediators.