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In a wireless communication system, a microstrip patch antenna is gaining importance as a most powerful technology trend and it is applicable for the development of low-cost, minimal-weight, low-profile and high-performance antenna. This paper presents the design and the analysis of 1 × 2, 1 × 4 and 2 × 8 rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) arrays based on the photonic crystals for improved gain performance and high radiation characteristics compared to ones that are designed based on the homogeneous substrate in the frequency range of 0.25-0.55 THz. The design of the proposed antenna arrays based on the photonic band gap (PBG) and the homogeneous substrate structures is made by using the designed single-element RMPA as the basic building element, and then, they were fed by the parallel feeding structure. The designed antenna arrays were simulated using CST Microwave Studio software and validated with the aid of Ansoft HFSS simulator. For high radiation characteristics, the proposed antenna arrays resonated around 0.35 THz which is a low loss frequency window in the terahertz band. The main results showed that the designed antenna arrays based on the PBG substrate structure outperform the antenna arrays based on the homogeneous substrate in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain and directivity. The best directivity was achieved by the 2 ×8 RMPA array of 17.40 dBi, whereas the 1 ×4, 1 ×2 RMPA arrays and single-element RMPA achieved the directivity of 13.54 dBi, 9.87dBi and 7.76 dBi, respectively. Hence, the designed antenna arrays can be used for medical imaging, threat detection and wireless surveillance communication.

Presently, Gulf Cooperation Council countries are lagging in the generation of real-world data and use of real-world evidence for patient-centered care compared with the global average. In a collaborative effort, experts from multiple domains of the healthcare environment from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries came together to present their views and recommended key action points for the generation of robust real-world data and leveraging real-world evidence in the countries. The opinions of the experts are presented, along with existing barriers to the effective generation of real-world evidence in the countries. The Gulf Cooperation Council countries are undergoing transformative changes paving the way for improved healthcare measures; however, the challenges in generating reliable, robust, accessible, and secure real-world evidence are persistent. Hence, ongoing public–private engagements, as well as collaborations between regulators, policymakers, healthcare professionals, insurance and pharmaceutical companies, and patients, are warranted. A few notable examples of real-world evidence studies highlighting the benefits of real-world evidence for gaining valuable insights into patient-centric decision making are also discussed. The actionable steps identified for successful real-world evidence generation would provide long-term, real-world evidence-based patient-centric benefits for the countries.

Dysregulated profiles of certain circular RNAs (specifically ANXA2 circular RNAs circ_0005402), have recently been demonstrated in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, despite that circular RNA circ_0005402 has been proven to be differentially expressed in MS with high sensitivity (90.0%) and moderate specificity (60.0%), a huge gap of knowledge still exists regarding its exact role in the immunopathogenesis of MS.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a well-known bacteria that is recognized as the most prevalent infection in humans and is present in the majority of people in the world. Aim: To investigate the presence of an extragastric reservoir of Helicobacter pylori in tonsillectomy specimens to ascertain whether it is an etiologic factor in the development of chronic tonsillitis. Subjects and methods: The study included 100 patients of both sexes with chronic tonsillitis who visited the ENT (ear, nose, and throat) outpatient department and tested positive for H. pylori antigen in stool and tonsillectomy materials. Giemsa stain was used. The population was patients with chronic tonsillitis who had been diagnosed based on physical examination and history-taking at the (Oto-Rhino-Laryngology) outpatient clinic. Results: It is shown that patients with positive H. pylori had considerably more acute tonsillitis attacks per year than those with negative H. pylori. Examining the patients with Giemsa modification staining revealed 40% of them to be positive. Conclusion: H. pylori was found in the tonsil tissue of 40% of the patients with chronic tonsillitis using the Giemsa modification staining method, suggesting that H. pylori may be contributing etiologic factors in the development of chronic tonsillitis.

Air quality control is necessary to improve the environmental condition in particular Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), which has a direct impact on a living organism. In marine application, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) made standards to determine the gas emission limits and specify the air circulation in IAQ in addition to employing in energy-efficient and energy management system which leads to reduce emission and enhance the environmental condition by efficient and economical way. Applying advanced energy management policies and control could be achieved by energy consumption. In this paper, an intelligent neuro-fuzzy controller has been designed to model and control carbon monoxide (CO) concentration for a real case study of a high-speed craft passenger ship with a vehicle garage onboard for a liner between Egypt and Saudi Arabia ports. The relation between emitted CO and the number of cars and their positions has been modelled using artificial neural network (ANN). The ANN model has been built and validated based on real measurements of CO at different ventilation conditions of the case study. Different fuzzy controllers, fixed and adaptive, are designed to control CO during loading and unloading states. Scaling factors of fuzzy controller are adapted using two different ways namely Supervisor Fuzzy Controller (SFC) and Particle Swamp Optimization (PSO). Simulation results have analysed the proposed control system at different conditions. The obtained outcomes manifest the fact that the controller tends to work robustly and efficiently to maintain CO at the permissible allowed range.

Genetic ancestry has a pronounced role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the circular ribonucleic acid (RNA) has a regulatory role in diverse autoimmune diseases, there is a huge gap of knowledge regarding the possible diagnostic, prognostic, and even therapeutic role of circular RNA in MS. Recent research demonstrated downregulated profile of circular RNA circ_0005402 and its host ANXA2 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with remitting relapsing MS (RRMS).

Background: The liver biopsy is an essential element of evaluating progression of liver disease in children with Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis (PFIC) and Allagille Syndrome (AGS). Several noninvasive techniques, including radiological imaging and blood biomarkers assay, can be used to evaluate liver stiffness. Objectives: To identify whether liver Transient elastography (FibroScan) and AST/PLT Ratio Index (APRI) could be reliable tools to assess the degree of fibrosis prior to partial biliary diversion (PBD). Methods: A prospective cohort in which all patients with PFIC and AGS who underwent PBD from July 2019 to July 2021 were included. Preoperative liver functions, pelvic-abdominal ultrasonography and FibroScan assessments were performed while intraoperative liver biopsy was obtained. Results: Eight patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease who were candidates for PBD due to intractable pruritus were enrolled, including PFIC (n= 6; 75%), and AGS (n= 2; 25%). The liver FibroScan results were similar to the liver biopsy histopathological assessment in 87.5% of cases. APRI ranged from 0.1 to 3.2 (median = 1.2). In four cases (50%), APRI was consistent with histological evaluation of liver samples. The FibroScan results were in concordance with APRI results in three patients (37.5%). Conclusion: The current cohort demonstrated that fibroScan was consistent with histopathology in 87.5% of patients, highlighting its value in determining the degree of liver fibrosis prior to surgery, whereas the APRI was only consistent with histopathology in half of cases.

A new class of compounds, namely furo-imidazo-[3.3.3]propellanes can be synthesized by reaction of (1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylidene)propanedinitrile with N-substituted (2-picolinoyl-, thiophene-2- carbonyl)hydrazinecarbo-thioamides 1a-f. 2,5-Disubstituted-2,3,4-oxadiazoles were also separated from this reaction as a minor product. The structures of products have been confirmed by using IR, NMR, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray analyses. A mechanism for the formation of the products is presented.

About 10% of cases of pneumoperitoneum are not associated with a hollow viscus breach. Here we present a rare cause due to a gas-forming organism in a 45 day-old male patient. He presented with severe abdominal distension and poor general condition that started at day 10 of life. Erect abdominal x-rays revealed pneumoperitoneum. A chronic abscess cavity was found on exploration and the underlying gut was healthy. The cavity was evacuated and a drain left in-situ. Culture and sensitivity reported Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The baby tolerated full oral feeds 48 h after the procedure. His general condition improved with the appropriate antibiotics.

This paper presents a watershed discharge hydrograph simulation model, based on the hydraulically based geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH), developed by Kirshen and Bras (1983). This IUH was derived as a function of watershed geomorphology and the response of streams to lateral inflows, determined by solving one‐dimensional linearized equations of motion. The effective rainfall is calculated here to be equal to the gross rainfall minus the infiltration losses, presented with Philip's expression coupled with an empirical equation for soil moisture computation. Consideration is given to the role of mountainous terrain in runoff generation. For mountainous watersheds, the mountain runoff is regarded as a water depth on the alluvial channels. The effective rainfall depth is calculated to be equal to this water depth plus the rainfall depth minus the infiltration losses. The simulation model is verified through applications for three gauged watersheds in Saudi Arabia. A comparison is made between the observed and simulated hydrographs, and evaluation of the model results and limitations is provided.

An approach for estimating irrigation water cost is presented and applied to Upper Egypt. Two cost models are used. The first model is to estimate the cost of irrigation water if controlled with a multi-purpose structure. The model is used in estimating the irrigation cost at the High Aswan Dam. The second model is to allocate the cost of irrigation structures and the cost of irrigation at the multi-purpose structures among the served areas. The two models are applied to estimate the cost of irrigation water at the different regions of Upper Egypt.

3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone (o-CHL) reacted with N,N'-dicyclohexyl-1,2-ethanediimine 1ato give a transient condensation product, which underwent [4 + 2]cycloaddition reaction with another molecule of 1a. In a different manner, utilizing N,N' -diaryl-1,2-ethanediimines 1b,cas a dienophile led to an initial production of substituted o-CHL, followed by a [4 + 2]cycloaddition reaction with another molecule of 1b,c. A similar behavior was observed on the reaction of N,N'-di(alkyl/aryl)-p-xylenediimines 1a—fwith the same acceptor.

The synthesis of some novel fused heteracyclic compounds such as 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-b]diazepine, indenothiadiazolopyrimidine, indenocyclopentathiadiazole and naphthoquinoimidazolothiadiazole derivatives containing 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring system have been reparted.

The conflict between performance measured in terms of economic and income redistribution objectives, resilience and reliability of irrigated agricultural expansions in developing countries is investigated via a planning framework consisting of three sequential optimization models. The first model determines the most economic planning alternatives. The second model examines, in terms of an income redistribution criterion, the social attractiveness of each plan. The third model determines resilience and operating rules of the various alternatives. The planning framework is appled for a hypothetical agricultural expansion on the order of 30 000 hectares based on data from the Nile Delta in Egypt. The trade-off between system performance, reliability and resilience is derived.

System robustness is defined as a system's capability of adjusting its operation to accommodate changes in design conditions. To measure a system's performance under changes in the design conditions, an operation model is proposed. A robustness index in terms of the dual variables associated with the resource constraints of the operation model is suggested. For illustrating the proposed methodology, a simple example of a hypothetical agricultural expansion is used. Via a planning model, planning alternatives for this example are generated. Performance of the alternative plans measured in terms of achieved net benefits, and their robustness under various conditions of resource inputs, are determined. The conflict between system performance and robustness is investigated.

An analytically derived distribution model for flood volume is presented. The model is based on water balance computations during a rainstorm at the soil surface. It is applicable for mountainous watersheds with alluvial channels. Three hydrologic processes are considered: precipitation, infiltration, and runoff generation. Rainfall intensity and duration are presented with exponential distributions. They are assumed to be statistically independent. A linear rainfall-runoff relationship is proposed for the mountainous areas. The mountain runoff is regarded as a uniformly distributed water depth on the alluvial channels. The rainfall excess in the alluvial channels is computed to be equal to this depth plus the rainfall depth minus the infiltration losses. Infiltration in the channels is presented with Philip's expression, coupled with an empirical model for the computation of a long-term average value for the soil moisture content. The distribution model is verified through applications for three gauged watersheds in Saudi Arabia: Wadi Liyyah (174 km2), Wadi Turrabah (3720 km2), and Wadi Khulays (5220 km2). The results are found to be in a good agreement with observations.

4-Amino-5-mercapto-5-substituted 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols 1a, breacted with tetrachloro-, tetrafluoro-p-benzoquinone and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone as well as 2-(dicyanomethylene)-1,3-indandione via charge-transfer (CT) complex formation giving naphthotriazolothiadiazinone 2a—d, bistriazolobenzobisthiadiazine 3a—d, triazolobenzothiadiazinone 4a, b, bistriazolonaphthobisthiadiazine 5a, b, and indenatriazolothiadiazepine 7a, bderivatives.

Ethyl 3-benzoyldithiocarbazate 1 and ethyl dithiocarbazate 2 react with different π-acceptors to give the title products.

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