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Myoga(Zingiber Myoga Roscoe) is a perennial plant with a pungent smell from its flower buds. It is native to East Asia and has been reported to cause allergic contact dermatitis. The purpose of this study is to assess the allergenicity of myogarelated to its major chemical components, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene, which are supposed to be the causative agents of contact dermatitis among myogacultivators. We performed a toxicity study of the volatile constituents of myogausing the local lymph node assay (LLNA), in which limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene had positive responses and the EC3 was 35.8%, 8.22%, and 0.54%, respectively. EC3 for both α-pinene and β-pinene was over 100%. Both chemicals failed to induce positive responses in the LLNA. While the maximization rating of limonene, limonene oxide and phellandrene were evaluated as moderate, extreme, and extreme respectively, α-pinene and β-pinene were evaluated as weak in the previously reported GPMT. The usage of LLNA was also confirmed by comparing with previously reported GPMT results to detect the allergenicity of myogaconstituents. The actual risk of humans developing an allergy to myogaconstituents depends on many factors. The concentration of the compounds, the frequency and duration of exposure and the condition of the skin are supposed to be important factors.In conclusion, limonene, limonene oxide and β-phellandrene are constituents of myogawhich revealed their allergenicity by the LLNA. The usefulness of the LLNA to detect the allergenicity of myogaconstituents was also confirmed when considering the differences between the LLNA in the present study and the previously reported GPMT. The actual risk of humans developing an allergy to myogaconstituents depends on many factors. The concentration of the compounds, the frequency and duration of exposure and condition of the skin are all important factors.

Mioga (Zingiber mioga Rosc.) is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), which is native to tropical Asia. In Japan, the young flower buds are used as a spice, and hand dermatitis suspected as being an allergy to mioga has been recognized in mioga greenhouse cultivators. To investigate the extent of the problems and the causes of dermatitis, 20 householders cultivating mioga in their greenhouses were asked to participate in a questionnaire study. Consecutive patch tests were performed on some subjects with dermatitis. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to the main cultivator in each household who attended a lecture of mioga cultivation methods held at an agriculture cooperative association in the area. Some subjects who answered as presenting or having had hand dermatitis were patch tested for mioga (as is), four kinds of mioga extracts, and three kinds of natural rubber gloves. Results: 35 cultivators from 16 households answered the questionnaire. Eight of the 35 subjects (22.9%) answered that they had experienced hand dermatitis since they started mioga cultivation. Four of the 8 subjects were patch tested. Two of the 4 subjects showed allergic reactions to mioga (as is) and the extracts. The other two cases showed irritation to mioga (as is). The first two cases also showed allergic reactions to natural rubber gloves. To our knowledge, there is no previous report of allergic contact dermatitis from mioga.

Michael addition of benzylamine, piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, cyclohexylamine, allylamine and dimethylmalonate to the nitroolefin (5) generated in situ from 1-(4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-3-nitro-β-D-glucopyranosyl)uracil (4b) gave the corresponding 2-(substituted-amino)-3-deoxy-3-nitro-β-D-glucopyranosides (6a-f and 6h). Reaction of 4b with N,N-carbonyldiimidazole directly gave 6g. Compound 4b was converted into the 2-deoxy analogue (8), which was reduced to the 3-amino (9) and 3-hydroxylamino analogue (10).

The mass spectra of some substituted as-traizines and their N-oxides were measured, in order to investigate the intensity relationship between (M - 16) and (M - 17) ion peaks as functions of substituents and the positions of N-oxide groups in these compounds. These ion species proved useful for detecting an N-oxide group and predicting its orientation when the as-triazine ring is suitably substituted. The marked spectral correlation between these compounds permits certain crude generalizations of the cleavage processes. The observations implying electron impact induced 1,4-migrations of ether- and anilino-phenyl groups are also described.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety of and to try to find the best plan to cope with exposure to FA for students during a gross anatomy dissection course. The FA exposure level and subjective symptoms was estimated. The relationship between exposure to FA and subjective symptoms of irritation were discussed for times; before, in the beginning period, in the middle period, and upon completion of the Anatomy Dissection Course. The geometric means of FA concentration were 32.7 ug/m3(before), 891.3 ug/m3(beginning), 763.3 ug/m3(middle), and 238.9 ug/m3(completion), respectively. Among them, FA-related symptoms were observed in 61.1%; 28.0% fell strong stress during the course, and 27.4% complained that their normal life situation was affected. Our results indicate that such subjective symptoms during the anatomy dissection course were related to the period spent in the anatomy dissection room. Our study suggests that shortening the time of each anatomy dissection practical class and reduction of the number of cadaver tables could help to reduce symptoms.

In order to examine the possibility of "up" amination of the sugar part of pyrimidine nucleosides through pyrimidine N‐cyclonucleosides, the imino compounds (III) and (IV) are synthesized by amination‐cyclization reactions of the anhydrouridine (I).

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Reaction of the 2,2'‐anhydrouracil derivative (I) with the amines (II) yields the 2,3'‐iminouracils (III) which are debenzoylated to give (IV).

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.