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One type of teacher collaboration termed co-teaching has been gaining popularity in many Asian educational contexts such as Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. The benefits and problems of the co-teaching between a native-English-speaking teacher (NEST) and non-native-English-speaking teacher (NNEST) have been extensively documented in research (e.g., Carless & Walker, 2006; Copland, Davis, Garton, and Mann, 2016). Still, this current study identified research gaps. First, the actual effectiveness of co-teaching as measured by student achievement seemed rare. Second, a quantitative analysis of how two important factors, co-teaching style and co-planning time, actually influenced student achievement during co-teaching was scarce. Third, a detailed qualitative classroom description of how the teachers specifically utilized their strengths in co-teaching practices had not been documented. This study recruited 27 teachers (NESTs and NNESTs) and 270 5th graders in Taiwan. It was found that students’ listening improved after being co-taught for 1 year. In addition, the co-teaching style and the co-planning time influenced students’ listening proficiency differently. Lastly, both qualitative and quantitative results showed that the joint-led teaching style with teachers who co-planned between 2–4 h provided the best results in students’ listening proficiency.

Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus responsible for disease outbreaks with high fatality rates in south and southeast Asia. However, knowledge of the potential geographical extent and risk patterns of the virus is poor. We aimed to establish an integrated spatiotemporal and phylogenetic database of Nipah virus infections in humans and animals across south and southeast Asia.

Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), which are characterized by genetic and metabolic lysosomal dysfunctions, constitute over 60 degenerative diseases with considerable health and economic burdens. However, the mechanisms driving the progressive death of functional cells due to lysosomal defects remain incompletely understood, and broad-spectrum therapeutics against LSDs are lacking. Here, we found that various gene abnormalities that cause LSDs, including Hexb, Gla, Npc1, Ctsdand Gba, all shared mutual properties to robustly autoactivate neuron-intrinsic cGAS–STING signalling, driving neuronal death and disease progression. This signalling was triggered by excessive cytoplasmic congregation of the dsDNA and DNA sensor cGAS in neurons. Genetic ablation of cGAS or STING, digestion of neuronal cytosolic dsDNA by DNase, and repair of neuronal lysosomal dysfunction alleviated symptoms of Sandhoff disease, Fabry disease and Niemann–Pick disease, with substantially reduced neuronal loss. We therefore identify a ubiquitous mechanism mediating the pathogenesis of a variety of LSDs, unveil an inherent connection between lysosomal defects and innate immunity, and suggest a uniform strategy for curing LSDs.

In utero and early childhood infections have been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders; however, the observed associations may be confounded by familial predispositions. This study examined the neurodevelopmental disorders attributable to maternal infections during pregnancy and early childhood infections during the first year of life, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic disorders, and mental retardation (MR). We performed population and sibling comparison analyses to account for unmeasured familial confounding factors. We conducted a register-based cohort study with 2,885,662 individuals (comprising 1,864,660 full siblings) born in Taiwan between 2001 and 2018 and followed up until 2021. We employed Cox regression analysis to assess the association between in utero and early childhood infections requiring hospitalization and the subsequent risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. In the population analyses, an offspring exposed to maternal infection had an increased risk for ASD (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–1.26), ADHD (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.11–1.18), and MR (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13–1.30). These associations attenuated toward null in the sibling analyses. Individuals exposed to early childhood infection had an increased risk for ASD (HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10–1.16), ADHD (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.15–1.18), tic disorders (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.09–1.15), and MR (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.60–1.69) in the population analyses; these associations were also significant for ASD (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07–1.21) and MR (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.44–1.62) in the sibling analyses. The association between maternal infection during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental risk is largely due to familial confounding factors. Conversely, infection in early childhood may be attributable to it being a sensitive period and may play a role in the subsequent risk of ASD and MR.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent epitranscriptomic modification in mammalian mRNA. Recent studies have revealed m6A is involved in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors including hematologic neoplasms. Nevertheless, the specific roles of m6A modification and m6A regulators in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that m6A level and the expression of m6A methyltransferase METTL14 were elevated in MDS patients with bone marrow blasts ≥5%. Additionally, m6A level and METTL14 expression were upregulated as the disease risk increased and significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Knockdown of METTL14 inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability of MDS cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed METTL14 knockdown remarkably reduced tumor burden and prolonged the survival of mice. Mechanistically, METTL14 facilitated the m6A modification of SETBP1 mRNA by formation of METTL3-METTL14 complex, leading to increased stabilization of SETBP1 mRNA and subsequent activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Overall, this study elucidated the involvement of the METTL14/m6A/SETBP1/PI3K-AKT signaling axis in MDS, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting METTL3-METTL14 complex-mediated m6A modification for MDS therapy.

Native-English-speaking teachers (NESTs) have not been examined to the same extent as the non-native-English-speaking teachers (NNESTs) in research. A summary of research results focusing on NNESTs was found (e.g., Moussu & Llurda in Languae Teaching, 41(3), 315–348, 2008) while no such an article can be found on NESTs. However, in reality, the presence of NESTs in English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) classrooms continues to be evident in different countries. As such, a gap exists between language teaching research and practice. This study addresses this gap by focusing on the influence of NESTs in EFL classrooms with a particular focus on learners’ listening proficiency gain. The large sample size of 1025 Taiwanese elementary school students allowed this study to compare students’ listening performance before and after receiving listening input from NESTs for 1 year using a standardized English listening test as a measurement tool. It was found that students’ listening performance improved significantly. In addition, when comparing listening proficiency of students across different geographical regions, it was found that NESTs helped improve significantly listening performance of students from the East region, an area of Taiwan known to be low achieving. As well, this study captured a dynamic pattern of listening proficiency gain when comparing learners of various proficiency levels. The results of this study suggested that the use of NESTs as a provider of listening input can be one effective method of improving foreign language students’ listening ability.

The phosphorus-containing organic molecule as a novel fluorine-free multifunctional additive not only endows the commercial electrolytes with a good flame retardancy, but also is greatly helpful in stabilizing electrodes by regulating solid electrolyte interphase and solvation structure.

Evidence suggests that neurometabolite alterations may be involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We performed a meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies to examine the neurometabolite levels in the brains of patients with ASD. A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science identified 54 studies for the meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the healthy controls, patients with ASD had lower N-acetyl-aspartate-containing compound (NAA) and choline-containing compound (Cho) levels and NAA/(creatine-containing compound) Cr ratios in the gray matter and lower NAA and glutamate + glutamine (Glx) levels in the white matter. Furthermore, NAA and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels, NAA/Cr ratios, and GABA/Cr ratios were significantly decreased in the frontal cortex of patients with ASD, whereas glutamate (Glu) levels were increased in the prefrontal cortex. Additionally, low NAA levels and GABA/Cr ratios in the temporal cortex, low NAA levels and NAA/Cr ratios in the parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and low NAA levels in the cerebellum and occipital cortex were observed in patients with ASD. Meta-regression analysis revealed that age was positively associated with effect size in studies analyzing the levels of gray matter NAA and white matter Glx. Taken together, these results provide strong clinical evidence that neurometabolite alterations in specific brain regions are associated with ASD and age is a confounding factor for certain neurometabolite levels in patients with ASD.

This study determined the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on the N and P contents in the soil–plant continuum and its subsequent effect on oat grain yield under drought stress. Separate experiments were conducted during the oat growing seasons (2020 and 2021) in which AM fungi inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradiceswas performed in soil with 75% and 55% relative water contents. In response to AM fungi inoculation under normal moisture, the infection rate was significantly higher than in water-limited regimes during both years. The AM fungi alleviated the negative effects of drought stress by influencing total N and P in oat soil, improving N contents in oat roots, stems, and ears, and accumulating more P in leaves. We also found that the promoting effect of AM fungi inoculation on accumulating N in various oat organs seemed to contribute more than that on P under drought stress. Above all, AM fungi significantly ameliorated the effects of drought stress and increased oat grain yield by 14.74% in 2020 and 14.20% in 2021. The soil total N was the key factor that affected oat grain yield, and N and P contents in various oat organs under drought stress and AM fungi inoculation. Based on these findings, AM fungi benefit oat nutrition and productivity and could improve oat performance in dryland agriculture.

Tooth biomineralization is a dynamic and complicated process influenced by local and systemic factors. Abnormal mineralization in teeth occurs when factors related to physiologic mineralization are altered during tooth formation and after tooth maturation, resulting in microscopic and macroscopic manifestations. The present Review provides timely information on the mechanisms and structural alterations of different forms of pathological tooth mineralization. A comprehensive study of these alterations benefits diagnosis and biomimetic treatment of abnormal mineralization in patients.

The Ga2O3anode has great potential due to its self-healing and high theoretical capacity in lithium-ion batteries. Like anodes with other transition metal oxides, the Ga2O3anode has the problems of structural change and low electrical conductivity. The electrochemical performance of the Ga2O3anode still needs to be improved. In this work, we synthesized a Ga2O3quantum dots@N-doped carbon (Ga2O3-QD@NC) composite by hydrothermal reaction with a carbon source of dopamine hydrochloride, in which Ga2O3quantum dots were dispersed in the interior of the amorphous carbon. Such a special structure is conducive to the high-speed migration of lithium ions and electrons and effectively inhibits volume expansion and agglomeration. Smaller and more uniform quantum dots facilitate efficient repair of the structure. Due to these advantages, the Ga2O3-QD@NC electrode has great electrochemical performance. The Ga2O3-QD@NC electrode has an initial discharge capacity of 1580 mAh g–1with a high first Coulombic efficiency of 62.8% and a cycling capacity of 953 mAh g–1under 0.1 A g–1. It even has a capacity of 460 mAh g–1at 1 A g–1after 300 cycles. This strategy can provide a new direction for the Ga2O3anode in lithium-ion batteries with high capacity.

Multinucleon transfer in low-energy heavy-ion collisions is increasingly considered a promising approach for generating exotic nuclei. Understanding the complex mechanisms involved in multinucleon transfer processes presents significant challenges for the theoretical investigation of nuclear reactions. A Langevin equation model was developed and employed to investigate multinucleon transfer processes. The 40Ar+232Threaction was simulated, and the calculated Wilczyński plot was used to verify the model. Additionally, to study the dynamics of multinucleon transfer reactions, the 136Xe+238Uand 136Xe+209Bireactions were simulated, and the corresponding TKE-mass and angular distributions were computed to analyze the energy dissipation and scattering angles. This investigation enhances our understanding of the dynamics involved in multinucleon transfer processes.

The soft-hard tissue interface of the human periodontium is responsible for periodontal homeostasis and is essential for normal oral activities. This soft-hard tissue interface is formed by the direct insertion of fibrous ligaments into the bone tissue. It differs from the unique four-layer structure of the fibrocartilage interface. This interface is formed by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors. The physiological functions of this interface are regulated by different signaling pathways. The unique structure of this soft-hard tissue interface has inspired scientists to construct biomimetic gradient structures. These biomimetic systems include nanofiber scaffolds, cell sheets, and hydrogels. Exploring methods to repair this soft-hard tissue interface can help solve clinically unresolved problems. The present review examines the structure of the soft-hard tissue interface of the periodontium and the factors that influence the development of this interface. Relevant regulatory pathways and biomimetic reconstruction methods are also presented to provide ideas for future research on interfacial tissue engineering. The soft-hard tissue interface of the human periodontium is responsible for periodontal homeostasis. This interface is regulated by a combination of physical, chemical, and biological factors as well as signaling pathways. Understanding the regulatory mechanism helps reconstruct this soft-hard tissue interface.

Based on the dinuclear system model, the synthesis of the predicted double-magic nuclei 298Fland 304120was investigated via neutron-rich radioactive beam-induced fusion reactions. The reaction 58Ca+244Puis predicted to be favorable for producing 298Flwith a maximal ER cross section of 0.301pb. Investigations of the entrance channel effect reveal that the 244Putarget is more promising for synthesizing 298Flthan the neutron-rich targets 248Cmand 249Bk, because of the influence of the Coulomb barrier. For the synthesis of 304120, the maximal ER cross section of 0.046fbemerges in the reaction 58V+249Bk, indicating the need for further advancements in both experimental facilities and reaction mechanisms.

The absorption of high-viscosity oil by traditional oil absorbing materials has always been a challenge. So there is an urgent need to solve the problem of slow absorption of high-viscosity oil. In this work, an emulsion composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), carbon black (CB) and waterborne polyurethane (solid content 40%) was sprayed on the melamine foam (MF). After volatilization of organic solvents, the photothermal material CB was fixed on the MF framework, making it photothermal. By raising the temperature of the modified foam to accelerate the internal thermal movement of high-viscosity oil molecules around the foam, intermolecular forces are reduced, thereby accelerating the separation process. The absorption capacity of this modified MF towards organic solvents and oil is up to 79 times its own weight. In addition, the mechanical properties of the modified foam are improved to a certain extent, more conducive to the continuous oil–water separation. This photothermal absorption material provides ideas for the rapid removal of high-viscosity oil, heavy oil, etc.

Despite the various synthesis approachs to obtain luminous carbon dots (CDs), it is still quite challenging to construct the efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) owing to their low ECL reactivity and easy agglomeration. Herein, an efficient and concise ECL system was skillfully constructed by taking advantage of the nitrogen and sulfur co-doped CDs (N,S-CDs) with surfaces rich in hydrazide groups as luminophors to emit intense ECL, and metal-organic framework (MOF) as the matrix to confine CDs in its nanospace. Surprisingly, the proposed CDs assembled MOF (CDs/ZIF-8) enhanced anodic ECL signal up to 250% of pure CDs under the exogenous coreactant-free condition. As a proof of concept, the highly sensitive detection of uric acid (UA) was realized by the constructed ECL platform with a low detection limit of 3.52 nmol/L ranging from 10 nmol/L to 50 µmol/L. This work expanded ideas for the application of pore confinement effect, and provided references for the detection of disease biomarkers of gout and hyperuricemia.

Women with labial hypertrophy may opt for labiaplasty. The aim of the study was to analyze the complications, long-term follow-up of clinical outcomes and satisfaction in this population over the past 10 years.All women who underwent labiaplasty with or without clitoral hood reduction at our center between January 2008 and August 2020 were retrospectively identified. Retrospective study was conducted, recording follow-up outcomes, motivations, techniques, postoperative complications, reasons requiring reoperation, and surgical satisfaction concerned different clinical characteristics. A concrete analysis of each specific outcome and a detailed knowledge of these procedures were performed.A total of 52.41% reported functional impairment, 20.25% cited aesthetics complains, and 27.34% were motivated by both the previously mentioned reasons. Women undergoing surgical correction sometimes mixed with various psychological aspects. A total of 91.06% reported that they were moderately (6.04%) or extremely (85.02%) satisfied with the outcomes after surgery, and 37 (8.94%) reported dissatisfied. Revision surgery was needed in a small number of patients (n = 7 of 414 patients, 1.69%) because of undesirable appearance. The most common complication in our patients was asymmetry (6.28%). Women requested labiaplasty in the last 2 reasons or procedures or without psychological distress were more likely feel satisfied with the results (satisfaction rate >90%). There was a significant difference in satisfaction among the 3 concerns as well as between the 2 kinds of psychological conditions (P< 0.05). Satisfaction of patients with aesthetic complains compared with the other 2 worries was significantly lower (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference among the 3 procedures in this comparison group (P> 0.05). In addition, satisfaction in labiaplasty with or without clitoral hoodoplasty, neither of which was statistically different (P> 0.05). Patients aged 30 to 39 years reported the lowest satisfaction in comparison with the other age groups.Labiaplasty of the labia minora is the most commonly performed genital cosmetic surgery procedure. This study on 414 patients demonstrated that it is associated with a high degree of patient satisfaction and low morbidity and provided evidence of safety and effectiveness preliminary, indicating that the procedure may be regarded as safe.

Objective: The purpose of the analysis was to examine the temporal course of improvement in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder among women in outpatient substance abuse treatment. Method: Participants were 353 women randomly assigned to 12 sessions of either trauma-focused or health education group treatment. PTSD and substance use assessments were conducted during treatment and posttreatment at I week and after 3, 6, and 12 months. A continuous Markov model was fit on four defined response categories (non-response, substance use response, PTSD response, or global response [improvement in both PTSD and substance use]) to investigate the temporal association between improvement in PTSD and substance use symptom severity during the study's treatment phase. A generalized linear model was applied to test this relationship over the follow-up period. Results: Subjects exhibiting nonresponse, substance use response, or global response tended to maintain original classification; subjects exhibiting PTSD response were significantly more likely to transition to global response over time, indicating maintained PTSD improvement was associated with subsequent substance use improvement. Trauma-focused treatment was significantly more effective than health education in achieving substance use improvement, but only among those who were heavy substance users at baseline and had achieved significant PTSD reductions. Conclusions: PTSD severity reductions were more likely to be associated with substance use improvement, with minimal evidence of substance use symptom reduction improving PTSD symptoms. Results support the self-medication model of coping with PTSD symptoms and an empirical basis for integrated interventions for improved substance use outcomes in patients with severe symptoms. (Am J Psychiatry 2010; 167:95-101)

We investigated the effects of Ni concentration on hydrogen (H2) net production and nitrogen (N2) fixation rates in a model unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Cyanothece. We quantified NiFe uptake hydrogenase of the diazotroph to examine how Ni deficiency affects the expression of hydrogenase and nitrogenase and N2fixation rates. We found that Ni availability controls its H2net production and the expression of HupL, the major subunit of the uptake hydrogenase. Low Ni availability induced low HupL expression levels while yielding high H2net production, and vice versa. We also identified the threshold range of Ni concentrations that may differentiate low and high H2net production patterns in the diazotroph. However, the substantial variations in Ni availability and H2net production did not affect nitrogenase expression and N2fixation rates in Cyanothece. From two independent studies in the Atlantic tropical and subtropical oceans, we found that dissolved Ni concentrations and H2oversaturation percentage exhibited a statistically significant negative correlation, which is consistent with the findings of this culture study. Overall, these results indicate that Ni availability may affect H2net production and concentrations in the euphotic zone of the oceanic regions. H2concentrations may be used as a promising proxy to reflect N2fixation activities in tropical and subtropical oceans only under Ni‐deficient conditions.

Dieser Artikel untersucht die durch die Aushandlung von Positionierungen entstehenden Emotionen der Forscherin im Feld und deren Bedeutung für die soziale Situation. Exemplarisch wird ein Fall aus interkulturellen Trainings zur Vorbereitung der chinesisch-deutschen Kooperation dargestellt, in dem die Forscherin als ‚kulturell Andere‘ positioniert wird. Die Anwesenheit der Forscherin führt zu hochspannenden Positionierungsdynamiken in der Humandifferenzierung, die sowohl auf eine latent invektive Feldeigenlogik verweisen als auch negative Emotionen der Forscherin produzieren. In den Positionierungsaushandlungen werden soziale Techniken verwendet, um trotz dieser Spannung den Ausbruch von Ressentiments zu umgehen. Die Analyse einer autoethnografisch angelegten Reflexion illustriert die situative Aktualisierung konkurrierender Kategorisierungen und offenbart die Ursache des auftretenden Verlegenheitsgefühls. Anhand des Fallbeispiels zeigt sich, wie die autoethnografische Positionierungsanalyse für die Rekonstruktion von Interaktionsaushandlungen fruchtbar gemacht werden kann.

The work of Brennan (1986) is extended to examine if the imposition of spot price limits will result in reducing the default risk and lower the effective margin requirement. The study observed that the spot price limits actually reduce the default risk and margin requirement effectively.

Innate DNA sensing via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS–STING) mechanism surveys microbial invasion and cellular damage and thus participates in various human infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancers. However, how DNA sensing rapidly and adaptively shapes cellular physiology is incompletely known. Here we identify the STING–PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)–eIF2α pathway, a previously unknown cGAS–STING mechanism, enabling an innate immunity control of cap-dependent messenger RNA translation. Upon cGAMP binding, STING at the ER binds and directly activates the ER-located kinase PERK via their intracellular domains, which precedes TBK1–IRF3 activation and is irrelevant to the unfolded protein response. The activated PERK phosphorylates eIF2α, forming an inflammatory- and survival-preferred translation program. Notably, this STING–PERK–eIF2α pathway is evolutionarily primitive and physiologically critical to cellular senescence and organ fibrosis. Pharmacologically or genetically targeting this non-canonical cGAS–STING pathway attenuated lung and kidney fibrosis. Collectively, the findings identify an alternative innate immune pathway and its critical role in organ fibrosis, report an innate immunity-directed translation program and suggest the therapeutic potential for targeting the STING–PERK pathway in treating fibrotic diseases.

The prevalence of Airbnb as a sharing economy platform has grown, and trust is the foundation that motivates users to participate in the Airbnb sharing phenomenon. Although studies have identified different forms of trust, such as trust in the host and trust in the platform, few studies have comprehensively investigated the antecedents of these different forms of trust. To demonstrate the importance of trust to Airbnb, this study empirically explored how customers develop their trusting beliefs in Airbnb through guest-based, host-based, and platform-based factors. This study collected data from 416 respondents to test a structural model. The results indicated that the guest-based factor of rating volume and the host-based factors of information quality and media richness positively affected levels of trust in Airbnb. Furthermore, platform-based factors influenced trust in Airbnb in terms of environmental benefits, locational benefits, and authenticity. Finally, trust in Airbnb was a key determinant of users’ continuance intention on the platform.

This was a preliminary study on ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation for SARS-CoV-2-contaminated hospital environments. Forty-eight locations were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR (33.3% contamination rate). After series dosages of 222-nm UVC irradiation, samples from the surfaces were negative at 15 s irradiation at 2 cm length (fluence: 81 mJ/cm2).

Although paternal age has been linked to certain psychiatric disorders, the nature of any causal relationship remains elusive. Here, we aimed to comprehensively assess the magnitude of a wide range of offspring’s psychiatric risk conferred by paternal age, leveraging a pedigree inferred from covered-insurance relationship (accuracy >98%) in Taiwan’s single-payer compulsory insurance program. We also examined whether there is an independent role of paternal age and explored the potential effect of parental age difference. A total cohort of 7,264,788 individuals born between 1980 and 2018 were included; 5,572,232 with sibling(s) were selected for sibling-comparison analyses and 1,368,942 and 1,044,420 children with information of paternal-grandparents and maternal-grandparents, respectively, were selected for multi-generation analyses. Using inpatient/outpatient claims data (1997–2018), we identified schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder (BPD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), eating disorder (ED), substance use disorder (SUD), mental retardation (MR), tic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and somatoform disorder. We identified suicides using death certificates. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the paternal/maternal/grand-paternal age association with psychiatric risk in the offspring. The total cohort and sibling-comparison cohort resulted in similar estimates. Paternal age had a U-shaped relationship with offspring’s MDD, ED, SUD, and anxiety. A very young maternal age (<20 years) was associated with markedly higher risk in offspring’s SUD, MR, and suicide. Older paternal age (>25 years) was linearly associated with offspring’s schizophrenia, autism, BPD, ADHD, MDD, ED, SUD, MR, OCD, anxiety, and suicide. Older grand-paternal age was linearly associated with offspring’s schizophrenia, autism, ADHD, and MR. Dissimilar parental age was positively associated with offspring’s ADHD, MDD, SUD, MR, anxiety, and suicide, and negatively associated with offspring’s OCD. This comprehensive assessment provides solid evidence for the independent role of paternal age in psychiatric risk in the offspring and clarifies the significance of both early parenthood and delayed paternity.

Acid mine drainage is characterized by low pH value, many types of heavy metals, high concentration of heavy metals and great environmental damage. Copper precipitation by sulfate reducing bacteria is a common method. In this experiment, the AMD after iron removal was treated by an upflow anaerobic bioreactor. The effects of HRT, carbon source type, carbon source dosage and reactor temperature on the operation of the reactor were studied. The optimum process parameters were determined: HRT was 12h, formic acid was used as carbon source and the dosage was 0.5g/L, and the temperature was 30 °C. Under the process conditions, the Cu concentration in the reactor effluent decreased to 0.043mg/L, and the recovery rate of Cu metal was 99.9%. The mechanism of copper deposition in the reactor was studied by characterization of the structure and morphology of the precipitated product and the analysis of the microbial community structure in the effluent of the reactor.

Rapeseed (Brassica napusL.) is an important source of edible vegetable oil and feed protein; however, seed pigments affect the quality of rapeseed oil and the feed value of the residue from oil pressing. Here, we used a population of rapeseed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the black-seeded male parent cultivar Zhongyou 821 and the yellow-seeded female parent line GH06 to map candidate genes controlling seed pigments in embryos and the seed coat. We detected 94 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed pigments (44 for embryos and 50 for seed coat), distributed over 15 of the 19 rapeseed chromosomes. These included 28 QTLs for anthocyanidin content, explaining 2.41–44.66% of phenotypic variation; 24 QTLs for flavonoid content, explaining 2.41–20.26% of phenotypic variation; 16 QTLs for total phenol content, accounting for 2.74–23.68% of phenotypic variation; and 26 QTLs for melanin content, accounting for 2.37–24.82% of phenotypic variation, indicating that these traits are under multigenic control. Consensus regions on chromosomes A06, A09 and C08 were associated with multiple seed pigment traits, including 15, 19 and 10 QTLs, respectively, most of which were major QTLs explaining >10% of the phenotypic variation. Based on the annotation of the B. napus“Darmor-bzh” reference genome, 67 candidate genes were predicted from these consensus QTLs regions, and 12 candidate genes were identified as potentially involved in pigment accumulation by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis. These preliminary results provide insight into the genetic architecture of pigment biosynthesis and lay a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying seed coat color in B. napus.

Substance Use Disorders (SUD) are chronic health conditions with heritability characteristics, environmental influences, long‐term management considerations and they cooccur. The US opioid epidemic is a crisis of both prescription and nonprescription opioid use. Clinicians now have access to evidence‐based practices but the evolving trends require continuous attention including curriculum initiatives for dental schools. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about the content and educational strategies of current SUD curricula, beneficial educational products for a standardized curriculum and perceived barriers toward standardization. Invitations were sent to 64 US dental schools describing the purpose of this study and a link to complete the survey was provided. Fully completed responses were received from 32 (50.0%) of the schools. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Most dental schools surveyed (81.3%) have a curriculum for SUD with classroom lectures being the most commonly used teaching method (96.2%), followed by online modules (42.3%). About 30% of the responding schools provided additional educational experiences. Instruction occurred mostly in second (73.1%) and third (77.0%) academic years. Opioids, alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana were the most frequently taught substance classes. Curriculum standardization with online modules (81.3%), case‐based exercises (59.4%), and simulation with standardized patients (43.8%) was considered desirable to improve student competency in the management of patients with SUD. Lack of time (62.5%), space (56.3%), and faculty (50.0%) were cited as the most common barriers to curriculum initiatives. Experiential and achievable options for improving SUD curriculum were highlighted.

Performance of polymer electrolyte-based energy systems is significantly impacted by transport within the electrode catalyst layer, where ionomer thin films coat catalyst particles. Proton exchange ionomer thin films have been thoroughly characterized, but few studies have critically examined anion-exchange ionomer (AEI) thin films. Further, none have reported nanoscale phase separation for hydrocarbon AEIs, which is critical to mitigate transport resistances. In this work, a set of hydrocarbon-based AEIs with nanoscale phase separation are developed from tunable block copolymer systems composed of polyisoprene (PIp) and polychloromethylstyrene (PCMS). The effect of the PIp/PCMS ratio, architecture, and thickness on the thin-film morphology of the neutral block copolymer precursors on silicon and silver substrates is investigated using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). AEIs are prepared by quaternizing with trimethylamine or methylpiperidine and their cation-dependent morphology is characterized at 60 °C and 95% RH. A perpendicularly aligned morphology is observed on silver, while no phase separation is observed on silicon, indicating that silver–polymer interfacial interactions drive phase separation. After quaternization, dipole–dipole interactions induce some disorder, but nanoscale phase separation is still maintained. GISAXS patterns are modeled using a Unified Fit approach to understand water uptake and swelling, and recommendations for AEI design are presented.

The effects of supplementing 50% of the mineral N fertilizer with organic fertilizer on the metabolism and diversity of soil microbial communities in an oat field were investigated using Biolog-Eco plates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: no fertilizer (CK), mineral N fertilizer applied at 90 and 45 kg ha−1N in the form of urea (U1 and U2, respectively), and U2 supplemented with organic fertilizer in the form of sheep manure at 90 and 45 kg ha−1N (U2OM1 and U2OM2, respectively). Each treatment had three replications. The experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in Pinglu District, Shanxi Province, China. The carbon source utilization by soil microbial communities, such as amino acids, amines, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and polymers, increased when 50% of the mineral N fertilizer was replaced with organic fertilizer in both years. This result was accompanied by increased richness, dominance, and evenness of the microbial communities. The utilization of amino acid, amine, and carboxylic acid carbon sources and community evenness were further improved when the organic fertilizer amount was doubled in both years. Biplot analysis indicated that amines and amino acids were the most representative of the total carbon source utilization by the soil microbial communities in both years. The highest oat yield was achieved at a total N application rate of 135 kg ha−1in the treatment involving 45 kg ha−1N in the form of urea and 90 kg ha−1N in the form of sheep manure in both years. It was concluded that the application of 50% of the conventional rate of mineral N fertilizer supplemented with an appropriate rate of organic fertilizer enhanced both the functional diversity of soil microbial communities and oat yield. Amine and amino acid carbon sources may be used as a substitute for total carbon sources for assessing total carbon source utilization by soil microbial communities in oat fields in future studies.

Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domperidone and metoclopramide used by breastfeeding women.Methods:A systematic literature search retrieved citations from PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov(from inception to January, 2021) and bibliographies of known articles. Randomized controlled trials exploring the effects of domperidone and metoclopramide in breastfeeding women with term and preterm infants experiencing adequate or low milk supply were identified. Human milk volume and maternal side effects were presented as mean difference (MD) or relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:Sixteen trials involving 729 women were included in the qualitative analysis and 14 trials involving 607 women were included in the meta-analysis. In mothers of preterm infants with low milk supply, domperidone demonstrated a significant increase in daily human milk volume (MD = 90.53 mL/day, 95% CI [65.42 to 115.64], I2= 9%). However, metoclopramide did not show significant difference in daily human milk volume in women with preterm infants (MD = −1.14 mL/day, 95% CI [−31.42 to 29.14], I2= 0%). No differences in maternal side effects were noted with domperidone (RR = 1.20, 95% CI [0.74 to 1.97], I2= 0%) or metoclopramide (RR = 1.05, 95% CI [0.52 to 2.11], I2= 27%) in women with preterm infants. Regarding the women with term infants, there were insufficient data in the current review.Conclusions:Domperidone can be used to treat low milk supply in women with preterm infants without significant side effects based on the current review. More evidence exploring the efficacy and safety of domperidone and metoclopramide are still needed for breastfeeding women in the future.

An anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) was studied with three electrocatalysts (Co3O4, Mn2O3, MnO2) for the oxygen evolution reactions at 50 °C in 1 M K2CO3(aq). We employ an optimized robust high performance polymer based on a polyethylene mid-block copolymer, poly(vinylbenzyl-N‑methylpiperidinium carbonate)‑b‑polyethylene‑b‑poly(vinylbenzyl-N‑methylpiperidinium carbonate) as the AEM and the anode ionomer. The cathode utilized a high loading of Pt/C, 1 mg cm−2, to minimize contributions to the kinetics. We tested three catalyst loadings (0.5, 2.5, and 4.5 mg cm−2) with a fixed ionomer loading of 0.5 mg cm−2to assess ionomer-catalyst interactions. The best-performing catalyst loadings were investigated in a 100 h durability test at 750 mA cm−2. The 2.5 mg cm−2MnO2catalyst displayed superior performance, with 2.40 ± 0.02 V at 1 A cm−2. In the 100 h durability test, the Mn2O3catalyst showed a degradation rate of +269 ± 15 μV h−1, whereas Co3O4and MnO2showed −800 ± 157 μV h−1, −114 ± 15 μV h−1, respectively with no membrane thinning indicating a gradual improvement. The MnO2electrode was further investigated in a 500 h test was conducted, revealing a voltage change rate of −21 μV h−1for 24–375 h. Pre and post-test FTIR mapping revealed evolution of micrometer-sized morphology corresponding to templating by the Ni-foam electrode.

With the generation of high-dimensional data from spectroscopic instruments, the role of variable selection in spectral modeling has become very important. This research proposes a new variable selection algorithm, named adaptive variable re-weighting and shrinking approach (AVRSA), based on model population analysis (MPA) and weighted bootstrap sampling (WBS). In this algorithm, WBS is used to generate sub-datasets for modeling in each iteration round, and the variable weight and space are updated by statistically evaluating the optimal sub-models. Unlike most other variable selection methods, the average prediction performance of the optimal sub-models by AVRSA must be preferable to that of the previous iteration. The best informative variables are obtained until no further optimal sub-models are generated. This method is checked on three near infrared (NIR) datasets. Three variable selection methods, including competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), MonteCarlo uninformative variable elimination (MC-UVE) and iteratively variable subset optimization (IVSO), are used for comparison. Compared with these variable selection algorithms, AVRSA selects the least informative variables, which is convenient for the development of portable instruments. Compared with the full-spectrum PLS model, the root mean square error of the validation set (RMSEP) of corn starch is decreased from 0.2614 to 0.1093, and the RMSEP of corn protein is decreased from 0.0977 to 0.0374. In addition, the RMSEP of the wheat dataset is decreased from 0.2585 to 0.2157, and the RMSEP of the wheat kernel dataset is decreased from 0.7816 to 0.6661. The results show that the proposed method is very efficient for the high-dimensional spectrum to find the best variables and improve the model's prediction performance.

Here, we described a novel swing arm location-controllable DNA walker based on the DNA tetrahedral nanostructures (DTNs) for nucleic acid detection using the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) microcrystals (TAPE-Pe MCs) consisting of the nonplanar molecular tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)ethene (TAPE) and planar molecular perylene (Pe) as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores. Specifically, the swing arm strands and track strands were fixed simultaneously on the DTNs to obtain the location-controllable DNA walker, which possessed an improved reaction efficiency compared to that of a fixed swing arm-based DNA walker due to the quantitative and orderly swing arm on the DTNs. On the other hand, the Pe microcrystals doped by TAPE molecules could decrease the π–π stacking of Pe molecules for the ECL efficiency enhancement, achieving a blue-shifted and intense ECL emission. Therefore, we defined this enhanced and blue-shifted ECL phenomenon as “inhibition of conjugation-driven ECL (IC-ECL)”. To prove these principles, a location-controllable DNA walker-based ECL biosensor was developed with microRNA let-7a as target molecules. The ECL biosensor achieved a low detection limit of 4.92 fM within a wide linear range from 10 fM to 100 nM. This approach offers a new insight for ECL efficiency increase and location-controllable strategies with improved reaction efficiency, demonstrating potential in diagnostic analysis.

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This study was performed to determine the effects of probiotic supplementation on cholesterol-triglyceride ratio, an indirect marker of insulin resistance, protein-bound uremic toxins, biomarkers of inflammation, and microbial translocation in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis.

Herein, we report that nosocomial infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be mitigated by using surgical masks and closed looped ventilation for both non-critical and critical patients. These preventive measures resulted in no viral contamination of surfaces in negative pressure environments.

The diagnosis of a concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarumand fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in an infectious coryza–like outbreak in the outskirt of Beijing is reported. The primary signs of the infection were acute respiratory signs, a drop in egg production, and the presence of hydropericardium–hepatitis syndrome–like gross lesions. Laboratory examination confirmed the presence of A. paragallinarumby bacterial isolation and a species-specific PCR test. In addition, conventional serotyping identified the isolates as Page serovar A. Fowl adenovirus was isolated from chicken liver specimen and identified by hexongene amplification. In addition, histopathologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy examination further confirmed the presence of the virus. Both hexongene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis defined the viral isolate as FAdV-4. The pathogenic role of A. paragallinarumand FAdV was evaluated by experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The challenge trial showed that combined A. paragallinarumand FAdV infection resulted in more severe clinical signs than that by FAdV infection alone. The concurrent infection caused 50% mortality compared with 40% mortality by FAdV infection alone and zero mortality by A. paragallinaruminfection alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. paragallinarumcoinfection with FAdV. The case implies that concurrent infections with these 2 agents do occur and more attention should be given to the potential of multiple agents during disease diagnosis and treatment.

Opportunistic infection leads to high morbidity and mortality in premature babies due to their immature immune system. Biomarkers in blood have been reported to detect bacterial infection in neonates. However, serial blood exams pose iatrogenic anemia in premature babies. Thus, this study aimed to identify cytokines in saliva, which can help to diagnose bacterial infection in premature babies via a non-invasive method.

Issues are presented concerning the effect which price limits can have on the effective margin requirement and default risk for a self-enforcing futures contract. The spillover of unrealized residual shocks is evaluated.

A series of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based benzodiazepine dimers were synthesized and tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cell lines. Structure–activity relationship investigation of various spacers guided by molecular modeling studies helped to identify compounds with picomolar activity. Payload 17was conjugated to anti-mesothelin and anti-fucosylated monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (FucGM1) antibodies using lysosome-cleavable valine–citrulline dipeptide linkers via heterogeneous lysine conjugation and bacterial transglutaminase-mediated site-specific conjugation. In vitro, these antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) exhibited significant cytotoxic and target-mediated selectivity on human cancer cell lines. The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of these ADCs were further evaluated in gastric and lung cancer xenograft models in mice. Consistent pharmacokinetic profiles, high target specificity, and robust antitumor activity were observed in these models after a single dose of the ADC-46(0.02 μmol/kg).

Chlorination is a simple and effective molecular engineering strategy to downshift energy levels and increase band gap of polymer donors and thus can maximize the open-circuit voltage and light-harvesting for organic solar cells (OSCs). Building upon our previously reported efficient polymer donor PDZ-2, with chlorines on flanked thienyl of the benzodithiophene units, two new D–A type wide band gap donor polymers, PDZ-out and PDZ-in, have been synthesized by substituting chlorine atoms on α′ and β′ positions of the π-bridge thiophenes, respectively, to investigate the effect of chlorination on device performances. Density functional theory simulation and the UV–vis absorption spectrum reveal that chlorination on the π-bridge thiophenes introduces steric hindrance between the bridge thiophenes and the FTAZ units, leading to increased twist angles in the backbone and a reduced conjugation length, especially at the α′ position. Chlorination on the backbone of the polymer indeed lowers energy levels compared to that of unchlorinated J52. When blended with NFA ITIC in OSCs, PDZ-out:ITIC and PDZ-in:ITIC devices exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 7.6 and 0.35%, respectively, which are lower than that of PDZ-2:ITIC (PCE of 10.9%). The OSC performance difference is attributed to the relatively lower charge carrier mobility, insufficient exciton dissociation, and shorter charge carrier lifetime for PDZ-out:ITIC and PDZ-in:ITIC devices. The reduced planarity and photovoltaic performance, which is based on the polymer donors with chlorination on the π-bridge thiophenes, highlight the importance of substituent positions when rational-designing new chlorinated donors.