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The cooling storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) is a spectrometer used in construction to study the properties of nuclear matter in high-baryon density regions at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). This study presents the design, simulation, manufacturing, and testing of a half-size prototype of a multi-wire drift chamber (MWDC) for the CEE. First, the performance of the MWDC connected to homemade electronics was simulated. The results demonstrated that an energy resolution of 18.5%for 5.9-keV X-rays and a position resolution of 194 μm for protons can be achieved by the current design. Because the size of the largest MWDC reached 176 cm ×314 cm, a set of 98 cm ×98 cm prototypes was built using the new techniques. The positioning accuracy of the anode wires in this prototype is better than 20 μm. After optimization, using commercially available electronics, the prototype can achieved an energy resolution of 19.7%for a 55Fe X-ray source. The CEE-MWDC detector and electronics were simultaneously tested. An energy resolution of 22%was achieved for the 55Fe source; the track residuals were approximately 330 μm for the cosmic rays. The results demonstrate that the current design and techniques meet the requirements of the CEE-MWDC array.

ABSTRACTEmployee safety behavior is a basic element of enterprise work safety. The results of accident investigations and risk assessments in enterprises indicate that management factors are some of the most important factors that affect employee safety behavior. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between the behavior of front-line managers (FLMs) and employee safety behavior by integrating a qualitative method, i.e., the interpretive structural model (ISM), and a quantitative method, i.e., the Bayesian network (BN). The results of the BN analysis showed that safety incentives and safety communication were the best predictors of safety participation, while safety supervision and safety control were the best predictors of safety compliance. Moreover, the results revealed that an instantaneous improvement of safety communication, safety incentives, safety supervision and safety guidance was the most effective joint measure to reach a high-level of safety behavior of employees in the workplace.

Recently, the significance of organizational support and commitment in workplace safety has gained much recognition. The improvement of individual safety behavior needs more convincing and effective evidence. This study constructed a comprehensive theoretical model and used meta-analysis to examine the relationships between perceived organizational support for safety, organizational commitment and employee safety behavior. Support was found for the study’s hypothesis that both perceived organizational support for safety and organizational commitment have a positive association with employee safety behavior, with the latter demonstrating the stronger relationship. However, organizational commitment was not mediated by perceived organizational support for safety and employee safety behavior. Results show that the safety behavior of employees in general industries and developed regions is more vulnerable to perceived organizational support for safety and organizational commitment than that in high-risk industries and developing regions. The implications of the findings and suggestions for further research are discussed.

Machine learning strategies to automate data processing are urgently needed with the increasing accumulation of biological datasets. In recent years, software development has received considerable attention because of its interpretation of the model topics originating from natural language processing. In this article, the application and development of semantic software development emphasise the understanding of semantic software development. Furthermore, literature was reviewed and evaluated in detail based on semantic software development models to the clustering-based random probability distribution model (CRPDM). However, the related studies offered an outlook for the use of topical models to create semantic software applications according to the types of models based on the random probability entity. The simulation of CRPDM improves the accuracy and performance of analysing semantic software applications. Furthermore, the theme models are a promising method in semantic software development research for different applications that have been firmly researched in this paper.

Accurate identification of exosomes plays an essential role in facilitating disease diagnosis and therapies. Herein, we proposed an Aptamer-cholesterol-mediated Proximity Ligation Assay (AcmPLA) for accurate identification of exosomes in a dual-probe strategy, one aptamer probe for recognition of exosomal innate surface protein CD63 and another cholesterol probe for biolipid layer targeting. By integrating a proximity ligation of probes bound with exosomal biomarkers for specific recognition and a rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy for signal amplification, we have successfully developed an exosomes-surface approach that can perform “AND” logic analysis of dual biomarkers, which not only could be used for exosomes quantification, but also for exosomes tracing. Besides RCA-initiated signal amplification, CD9 antibody-labeled magnetic beads were used to capture exosomes for isolation and secondary signal enrichment. Our approach can achieve specific exosomes isolation and accurate identification and thus could be exploited for broad applications in biological science, biomedical engineering, and personalized medicine.

Due to information asymmetry and a prevailing focus on production that ignores safety among small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs), it is difficult for core enterprises in the supply chain (SC) to establish partnerships with SMMEs that have a high safe production level (SPL). We found that SMMEs would conceal their real SPL when being selected as core enterprise suppliers. This is known as adverse selection. According to the principal-agent theory, we built a signaling model to analyze the conditions of the pooling equilibrium and the separate equilibrium of the signaling game between core enterprises and SMMEs. The equilibrium results showed that adjusting the signal cost parameters of the SMMEs can guide the market to separate equilibrium and stop SMMEs from concealing or exaggerating their SPL. We also discuss corresponding suggestions. This research can reduce SC risks and promote the establishment of sustainable cooperative relationships between core enterprises and SMMEs with high SPLs. This study is applicable globally.

Based on the characteristics of small-scale enterprises, the improvement of occupational health and safety management systems (OHS MS) needs an effective intervention. This study proposed a structural equation model and examined the relationships of perceived organization support for safety (POSS), person–organization safety fit (POSF) and proactivity safety behaviors with safety management, safety procedures and safety hazards identification. Data were collected from 503 employees of 105 Chinese high-risk small-scale enterprises over 6 months. The results showed that both POSS and POSF were positively related to improvement in safety management, safety procedures and safety hazards identification through proactivity safety behaviors. Our findings provide a new perspective on organizational safety for improving OHS MS for small-scale enterprises and extend the application of proactivity safety behaviors.

Purpose: To improve unsafe workplace of Chinese SMEs, this paper aims to use the multi-agent simulation experiment to reveal the relationship between employees’ safety voice and safety level of enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: Through simulation of employees’ safety voice activities, enterprises’ production activities, enterprises’ safety activities, an experiment platform is built. The experiment introduces external variable of labor resource and sets four experimental situations considering whether labor resource is sufficient and whether employees’ value is significant. Findings: The result shows that not all the employees’ safety voice can change small- and medium-sized enterprises’ safety level. When there is sufficient labor supply, employee safety voice cannot improve the safety level of enterprises; when there is short of labor and employee safety voice is strong, safety level can be effectively improved. When employees have the strikingly different value variance, safety voice of common employees cannot improve safety level of enterprises, but employee safety voice with high value can improve safety level. Originality/value: This fully provides that under the circumstances of disappearing demographic dividend in China, improving employees’ safety awareness and reasonably using their safety voice can boost SMEs to enhance safety level.

Enhancing activated sludge dewaterability is of scientific and engineering importance in the face of accelerated urbanization and stringent environmental regulations. In this study, we investigated the integration of acidification and ultrasound (A/US) treatment for improving sludge dewaterability at both bench- and pilot-scales. Our results showed that the A/US process exhibited significantly improved sludge dewatering performance, characterized by capillary suction time, cake moisture, and water/solid content of sludge cake. Synergistic dewatering mechanisms were elucidated with a suite of macro and spectroscopic evidence. Characterization of treated sludge revealed that US-induced thermal, mechanical shearing force, and radical oxidation effects disrupts floc cells and accelerates the decomposition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), releasing bound water into the bulk phase. In addition to enhancing hydrolysis of EPS, the acidic pH environment caused the protonation of functional groups on EPS, facilitating the reflocculation of US decomposed sludge for improved filterability. Our bench-scale and pilot-scale investigations provide a mechanistic basis for better understanding of the A/US process, and enable development of a viable and economical dewatering technology.

The foothills land can be used as different methods by the gradient 30 and 45. The low gradient land plans as the scenic greenbelt or parks for people; the high gradient land plans as green space for wild. Best use for foothills can enhance the city plan beyond hills.

In this work, graphene nanosheets (GNSs) were prepared by the thermal pyrolysis of graphene oxide (GO) at 900 °C for 3 h, and their electrochemical performances as anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were also investigated. TEM and SEM images clearly showed that the as-prepared GNSs had a transparent two-dimensional (2D) structure with 5~10 multilayers. The other experimental results (XRD, Raman, TG and FT-IR) confirmed the successful synthesis of GNSs. Electrochemical measurements revealed that GNSs had an initial discharge capacity of 1276 mAh g-1 and still remained 723 mAh g-1 after 50 cycles, indicating that the as-prepared GNSs shows a great potential as anode materials for LIBs.

Alcohol soluble fullerene derivative (FN-C60) has been synthesized and used as a cathode interfacial layer for high-efficiency polymer solar cells (PSCs). To examine the function of the FN-C60interfacial layer, polymer solar cells were fabricated with blends of P3:PC71BM, HXS-1:PC71BM, PDFCDTBT:PC71BM, and PDPQTBT:PC71BM as the active layer. In comparison to the bare Al electrode, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of P3:PC71BM, HXS-1:PC71BM, PDFCDTBT:PC71BM, and PDPQTBT:PC71BM based PSCs were increased from 3.50 to 4.64%, 4.69 to 5.25%, 2.70 to 4.60%, and 1.52 to 2.29%, respectively, when FN-C60/Al was used as the electrode. Moreover, the overall photovoltaic performances of PSCs with the FN-C60/Al electrode were better than those of cells with LiF/Al electrode, indicating that FN-C60is a potential interfacial layer material to replace LiF.

China is facing serious environmental pollution problems and the increasingly worsening water pollution as well as frequent sudden water pollution accidents has become the most notable one. Based on theory of risk prediction and group decision, a series of emergency management methods in dealing with sudden water pollution accidents was presented. In which grey system theory was used in the prediction of sudden water pollution accidents and a GM(1,1) model was given. The results gotten from the GM(1,1) model might be useful in improving our ability of the prevention and treatment of emergent accidents. At the same time, the method of multiple group decision-making was used to illustrate the progress of making decision in real-time event of sudden water pollution accidents. This method will help the decision maker make effective decisions under emergency situation which will reduce the probability of risk, minimize losses, and guarantee the national economic and social security.

Coagulation process enhanced with floatation was applied to treat dyeing wastewater generated from the production process of textile. The efficiency was mainly evaluated in terms of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of mixed wastewater. Comparing the coagulation experiment with coagulation-floatation experiment on the performance of COD removal for the dyeing wastewater, we can find that floatation promote the effect of coagulation. The results show that: the COD removal of the dyeing wastewater in the coagulation-floatation experiment can reach 68% after floatation with the speed of 1.2 L/min for 4 min and maintaining standstill for 90 min, which is 17% more than the result appeared in coagulation experiment, under the conditions of the dosage of AlCl3 and PAM is 100 mg/L and 15 mg/L, respectively.

An accurate and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of PCBs in water by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with ionic liquid based headspace single-drop microextraction under ultrasound. The sample injection part of gas chromatographic instrument was modifed to avoid the ionic liquid leaking, selected 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MI[PF6]) as extracting agents. Experimental parameters influencing the extraction performance, such as desorption temperature, ultrasound extraction time, extraction temperature, ionic liquid headspace volume and salt effect, were optimized. Calibration curve was linear within the range of 10~300.0 μg/L, and the extraction recoveries with RSD values lower than 9.1% were from 77.6% to 103.3%. The limits of detections (LOD), calculated on the basis of signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (S/N=3), was in the range of 0.005~0.007 μg/L. This method is found to be simple, sensitive, little interferential and good specificity for the determination of trace PCBs in water. Real sea sample was successfully analyzed using this method.

This paper analyzes the industrial structure of Zhenjiang city with multiple perspectives in Jiangsu province in China, such as: input structure, output structure and their contributions to GDP. The study focuses on the industrial structures themselves and the relations among them with the drawing of industrial economics theory, regional economics and priority economic growth theory. The shifting mode about Zhenjiang's industrial structures during the 10th Five-Year and the 11th Five-Year plans are presented in detail and in depth in this paper. The contribution to economic growth caused by upgrading of industrial structures in low-carbon emission economic model is analyzed. Finally, it is proposed an economic model system based on the transformation and upgrading of industrial structures.

Agile supply chain must possess the ability of utilizing alliance corporations’ production capacity fully in a systematic view, in order to meet the market demands and its changes quickly and economically. Powerful scheduling techniques are the key support for supply chains’ agility. Based on the discontinuous schedulable periods of suppliers, an agile supply chain static scheduling under schedulable periods (ASCSSSP) of multiple optional suppliers for each part is studied. According to the final product’s supplying BOM, this paper sets up a structural framework model for agile supply chains firstly, then analyzes and builds a mathematic model for the task assignment and schedule optimization of ASCSSSP with the supply-demand time and quantity constraints, and especially designs a novel heuristic algorithm of Task Adjusted by Cost (TAC) to solve the model. Finally, by some numerical experiments, the efficiency and practicability of the model and algorithm is verified by contrasting analysis.

Low cost industrial and agricultural by-products are promising materials for water pollution treatment such as removal of heavy metals. This work deals with removal of silver ions from solutions using expanded rice husk (ERH), nature diatomite (ND) and nature bentonite (NB). Firstly the influence of pH value of the solution on adsorption capacity for silver ions was studied, and then the effect of initial silver concentration on adsorbents adsorption capacity was investigated. The silver ions removal percentage increases with initial pH and achieves a maximum value of nearly 94% at pH= 5.0 ± 0.5 for ERH. The maximum adsorption capacity is 18.6 mg/g for ERH.

With the economic globalization and the rapid development of high-technology, the traditional competition between enterprises has gradually evolved into the competition between the supply chains. It is described the structure models of supply chain and problems existing in the supply chain management, focuses on the comparison between the fourth party logistics and the third party logistics, based on the excellent management ability of the fourth party logistics and its ability to plan and design the supply chain. It is studied how to optimize supply chain through the fourth party logistics in the paper.

In order to protect the occupational health and safety of migrant workers, government has developed a series of regulations, policies, and requires enterprises to pay injury insurance costs for migrant workers. Most of migrant workers concentrate in small and medium enterprises (SME’s). The intrinsic motivation that SMEs will pay the cost of industrial injury insurance for migrant workers is not strong. The migrant workers also do not want SMEs to pay the costs. Therefore, proceeding from the fundamental interests of the SMEs and migrant workers, the article is based on Evolutionary Game approach and analyzes the evolution paths of SMEs’ behaviors. The research provides the reliable theory reference for Chinese government to adjust the industrial injury insurance policy and protect the occupational health and safety of migrant workers’.

The discrete element method (DEM) was used to model nanoindentation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). The interparticle forces consisted of the traditional friction and contact forces that operate in granular materials, with the addition of nanometer-scale forces between gels, including van der Waals and electric double-layer forces. The contact normal forces were based on Hertz contact law. The van der Waals attractive forces were calculated on the basis of Hamaker's equation. The electric double-layer forces, generated from the negative charges on the C-S-H gel surface and the ion species in the pore solution, were calculated by using Monte Carlo simulations. The particles are spherical with diameters of approximately 5 nm. Both elastic modulus and hardness, calculated from the DEM, were much smaller than the results from nanoindentation experiments. The effects of interparticle forces on the elastic modulus and hardness were studied to explore possible reasons for the differences. The simulations give insight into the morphology of C-S-H nanoparticles and the interparticle forces between C-S-H nanoparticles.

The destabilization approach for SiO2-doped LiBH4hydrogen storage composite is identified as 4LiBH42SiO2→ Li4SiO44B Si 8H2, and Li4SiO4is the thermodynamic obstacle for its reverse action. TiF3was doped in the composite for avoiding the formation of Li4SiO4and thus enhancing the reversible hydrogen storage properties. Experimental analysis on LiBH4−SiO2−TiF3composite was performed via thermogravimetry (TG), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), mass spectral analysis (MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), isothermal sorption, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). For LiBH4−20 wt % SiO2−30 wt % TiF3composite, the dehydrogenation temperature starts from 70 °C and decreases by an average of 100 °C from that of LiBH4−20 wt % SiO2. Its maximum amount attains 8.3 wt % below 500 °C. The whole dehydrogenation can be regarded as a two-step process:  (i) preferential reaction (3LiBH4TiF3→ 3LiF TiB2B 6H2) occurring at around 70 °C, and (ii) principal reactions occurring simultaneously both at interface (LiBH4TiF3SiO2) and inside the bulk (self-decomposition of LiBH4). Doped TiF3noticeably reduces the energy activation of the reaction at interface. However, the reaction inside the bulk is the rate-controlled process. This composite also demonstrates the ability of rehydrogenation under the pressure of 4.5 MPa. The hydrogen absorption is temperature-dependent and reaches 4 wt % H2within 14 000 s at 500 °C.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role in the development of carcinomas at various body sites. It was found previously that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism (C/G) is a high-risk factor for the development HPV-associated cervical carcinoma. However, it still was considered controversial in several studies of cervical and esophageal carcinoma. In the current study, the authors used an allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to analyze correlation between the p53 codon 72 (C/G) polymorphism and HPV-associated, noncancerous esophageal epithelium as well as esophageal, ovarian, and breast carcinoma in the Chinese population. Esophageal balloon cytology examination samples were obtained from high-incidence and low-incidence populations for esophageal carcinoma in Anyang (Henan Province). Thirty-six of 48 esophageal balloon samples from the high-incidence population were HPV positive, and 13 of 33 esophageal balloon samples from the low-incidence population were HPV positive. Thirty-nine of 62 esophageal carcinoma samples from Anyang Tumor Hospital were HPV positive. Twenty-six of 39 ovarian carcinoma samples from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College were HPV positive. Nineteen of 82 breast carcinoma samples from Beijing Cancer Hospital were HPV positive. It is noteworthy that the distribution of the p53 codon 72 Arg homozygous genotype in HPV positive samples of esophageal epithelium, ovarian carcinoma, and breast carcinoma was significantly higher compared with HPV negative tumor samples. (P < 0.05). The current results suggest that the p53 codon 72 Arg homozygous genotype is one of the high-risk genetic factors for HPV-associated malignancies among the Chinese population. Cancer 2002;95:2571–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.11008

To investigate the potential role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the pathogenesis of esophageal carcinomas in the Anyang area of China, we have evaluated specimens collected by balloon cytology examination from volunteers in two regions with significantly different incidences of esophageal carcinoma. 138 donors were from a village in a county with an esophageal carcinoma (EC) age-adjusted mortality rate of 132×105, the remaining 68 were resident in a second village from another county with an EC mortality rate of 52×105. Specimens were evaluated using both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and in situ hybridization (ISH) protocols. PCR results showed that the prevalence of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E6 gene in the high incidence area was 1.9-fold higher than that of the low incidence area (72 and 37%, respectively, P < 0.01). Moreover, the positive rate corresponded with pathology grade. Similar results were obtained with the HPV-16 E7 gene. As the cells undergoing cytopathological progress, the HPV-16 E6 positive rate was increased, in both villages. In contrast to HPV-16 E6 and E7, detection of the HPV L1 gene was consistently lower, and its prevalence decreased with increasing dysplasia grades (P < 0.05). By ISH analyses, the expression rate of HPV-16 E6 in the specimens collected from the high incidence area was 2.2-fold higher than those from the low incidence area (49 versus 22%, respectively; P < 0.05), and transcription of the E6 gene paralleled cytopathology. HPV-18 was also detected in 17 and 15% of the specimens from the high and low incidence areas, respectively, but most of these samples were also simultaneously HVP-16 positive. These results suggest that HVP-16 plays a causative role in the high incidence of esophageal cancer in the Anyang region of China.