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It is unclear whether ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is actually a bilateral and multifocal process. In addition, the diagnostic role of chest x-ray is under debate. Assuming a low microbiologic concordance between the left and right lungs, the reliability of a single pulmonary sampling becomes questionable. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the choice of the pulmonary sampling area is clinically relevant in the management of VAP.

The increasing frequency of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by colistin-only susceptible (COS) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is of great concern. Adjunctive aerosolized (AS) colistin can reportedly increase alveolar levels of the drug without increasing systemic toxicity. Good clinical results have been obtained in patients with cystic fibrosis, but conflicting data have been reported in patients with VAP.

The effect of the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) on the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) has not been extensively investigated. This study aims to determine whether the NTIS is associated with the duration of MV in patients admitted to the ICU.

This study analyzes the polymorphic minisatellite ApoB 3' HVR in the Mbenzele Pygmies from the Central African Republic. A total of 14 alleles was observed, with frequencies ranging from 0.020 (19, 21, 27, and 45 repeat unit alleles) to 0.210 (37 repeat unit allele). Departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not statistically significant. The estimated heterozygosity was 0.874 ± 0.016. Taking data from the literature into consideration, the results support the hypothesis that the Africans are different from non-Africans due to greater ApoB 3' HVR genetic diversity and a unimodal profile of ApoB 3' HVR allele frequency distribution. Interpopulational relationships were also analyzed using an FST based genetic distance. The results highlight the similarity between the Mbenzele Pygmies and Bantu-speaking groups (Ewondo and Zulu), and the divergence between the Mbenzele and San, the two groups which are often considered to be the most direct descendants of proto-Africans. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:588–592, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

This study analyzes the polymorphic minisatellite ApoB 3′ HVR in the Mbenzele Pygmies from the Central African Republic. A total of 14 alleles was observed, with frequencies ranging from 0.020 (19, 21, 27, and 45 repeat unit alleles) to 0.210 (37 repeat unit allele). Departure from Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium was not statistically significant. The estimated heterozygosity was 0.874 ± 0.016. Taking data from the literature into consideration, the results support the hypothesis that the Africans are different from non‐Africans due to greater ApoB 3′ HVR genetic diversity and a unimodal profile of ApoB 3′ HVR allele frequency distribution. Interpopulational relationships were also analyzed using an FSTbased genetic distance. The results highlight the similarity between the Mbenzele Pygmies and Bantu‐speaking groups (Ewondo and Zulu), and the divergence between the Mbenzele and San, the two groups which are often considered to be the most direct descendants of proto‐Africans. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:588–592, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Abstract: We have analyzed 10 unlinked microsatellites and a linked Alu deletion polymorphism at the CD4 locus in an African American population sample from Chicago (USA). Heterozygosity estimates at the microsatellite loci range from 0.727±0.025 (D3S1358) to 0.873±0.017 (D18S51), with an average of 0.794±0.016. These values are comparable to or higher than those reported for Europeans, with only one exception (D3S1358). The CD4/Alu haplotypic diversity (0.887±0.012) is comparable to diversity levels observed in sub-Saharan African populations and is higher than the diversity levels reported in European populations. No consistent pattern of within, between, or multi-locus deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations is observed, suggesting a low sub-heterogeneity within the sampled population. We have applied a maximum likelihood method and estimated the proportion of European admixture to the African American gene pool to be 0.26±0.02. The narrow confidence interval indicates that allele frequency data from multiple microsatellite loci, whether analyzed independently or as haplotypes, are particularly useful for estimating genetic admixture.