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The air cap nozzle grooves were modifying in the HVOF system by adding 2 and 4 vertical grooves to analyze the effect on the quality of the Cr3C2+20NiCr ceramic coating, then compared with the original (smooth) nozzle. With constant parameters of the HVOF process, such as spraying distance, time, and pressure of the gas fuel, this experiment will determine the quality of the coating, namely the thickness, hardness, and porosity observed through the ceramic coating cross-section. The results of porosity analysis using SEM and image analysis show that a nozzle with 4-grooves has a porosity of 2.42%. In contrast, the nozzle with 2-grooves has a porosity of 2.85%, and the original (smooth) nozzle has a porosity of 4.42%. The low porosity of the nozzle with 4-grooves increases the bond strength due to the lowest degree of particle porosity.

Deposition of NiCr-CrC(20NiCr) metal matrix composite (MMCs) coating have been applied on the substrate of boiler tubes material with High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray method and constant parameter. Variation of particle size and composition on MMCs was conducted to determined the optimum conditions for boiler applications. Microvickers hardness, metallography and thermal shock resistance testing were investigated. The best performance for boiler tubes application is MMC NiCr-CrC(20NiCr) with 270 mesh of NiCr particles size and 60:40 of composition as evidence by the highest of hardness value (410 Hv) and slightly of discoloration after thermal shock resistance with two variation cooling medium. While at MMC NiCr-CrC(20NiCr) with 70:30 variation composition, coating hardness value will decrease in line with the smaller of particle size of NiCr.

Wear and corrosion are problems prevalent in the industrialized world. One way to overcome this matter is the process of coating with a thermal spray coating. The coating process is categorized into two processes based on the heat source, i.e., combustion and electric. One example of combustion process is the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). The HVOF system which is operated manually has been studied in previous works. Computerized HVOF system is developed and manufactured in this study to improve reproducibility of coating and safety of operator. ATMega16 microcontroller was connected with several sensors (oxygen mass flow controller, nitrogen mass flow controller, propane mass flow controller, and pressure sensor), and Visual Studio.Net 2013 was used to create a graphic user interface (GUI). Based on test results obtained, it was found that the GUI successfully communicated using serial communications and could access the input/output (I/O) required by the microcontroller. Combinaton of gas mass flow controller and pressure sensors result in precise control of oxy-fuel combustion process.

Additive Manufacturing technology can now speed up and improve the accuracy of the manufacturing process. Manufacturing products with 3D Metal printing gets simpler, quicker, and more precise. Recent studies showed that 3D metal printing with the type laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) could produce primary air fans (PAF) for industrial applications with a quality that can be compared with the existing model. LPBF manufacturing process showed errorless and had advantages compared with the traditional process, allowing the development of precise 3D shapes and sizes. The penetration tests with visual inspection revealed that the 3D printed product has no surface defects. The surface roughness test showed that the specimen has a slightly more refined surface than the original product. The chemical test showed that 3D metal printing materials resemble original model materials, with Aluminium 89.6% wt. and Silicon 9.57% wt., while other elements are less than 1%. The average hardness of 3D material metal printing is 91.6 HV, while the original model material is 106.03 HV. Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) tests indicate that the oxide that forms is Al2O3.

The technology development of electrochemical energy storage devices including lithium-ion battery is urgently needed to support the increased demand for renewable energy and production growth of portable electronic devices. Extensive research on nanostructural engineering aims to improve battery performance in terms of capacity, energy density, cycling ability, and Coulombic efficiency. This review describes the concept of atomic layer deposition (ALD) and focuses on ALD for Li-ion battery. Within the last few years, interest in the nanostructured materials synthesized by ALD to enhance battery performance has rapidly improved. Given the urgent requirement for reliable materials for high battery performance, ALD is a robust method for developing and fabricating nanostructure materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries, especially in the design of anode and cathode electrodes of the batteries.