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Catalytic additives able to accelerate the lithium–sulfur redox reaction are a key component of sulfur cathodes in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). Their design focuses on optimizing the charge distribution within the energy spectra, which involves refinement of the distribution and occupancy of the electronic density of states. Herein, beyond charge distribution, we explore the role of the electronic spin configuration on the polysulfide adsorption properties and catalytic activity of the additive. We showcase the importance of this electronic parameter by generating spin polarization through a defect engineering approach based on the introduction of Co vacancies on the surface of CoSe nanosheets. We show vacancies change the electron spin state distribution, increasing the number of unpaired electrons with aligned spins. This local electronic rearrangement enhances the polysulfide adsorption, reducing the activation energy of the Li–S redox reactions. As a result, more uniform nucleation and growth of Li2S and an accelerated liquid–solid conversion in LSB cathodes are obtained. These translate into LSB cathodes exhibiting capacities up to 1089 mA h g–1at 1 C with 0.017% average capacity loss after 1500 cycles, and up to 5.2 mA h cm–2, with 0.16% decay per cycle after 200 cycles in high sulfur loading cells.

Epitaxial thin films of the La1–xSrxMnO3system, spanning a wide range of compositions (0.5 ≤ x≤ 0.65), have been prepared, using the polymer-assisted deposition method, on SrTiO3(100) substrates. The primary objective was to achieve the highly stable A-type antiferromagnetic (AF) phase associated with x= 0.5. However, the electronic and magnetic properties of the samples, with different substitution levels of La with Sr, exhibit deviations from the anticipated behavior according to the bulk phase diagram. Employing X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the effective 0.5:0.5 ratio of Mn3+:Mn4+is actually attained in the sample with x= 0.65, suggesting the presence of an alternative charge compensation mechanism. High oxygen pressure annealing processes allow us to demonstrate that oxygen vacancies, generated to accommodate the epitaxial structural strain, are responsible for the partial charge compensation and the observed deviations from the bulk phase diagram.

Wheat blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, threatens global cereal production since its emergence in Brazil in 1985 and recently spread to Bangladesh and Zambia. Here we demonstrate that the AVR-Rmg8effector, common in wheat-infecting isolates, is recognized by the gene Pm4, previously shown to confer resistance to specific races of Blumeria graminisf. sp. tritici, the cause of powdery mildew of wheat. We show that Pm4alleles differ in their recognition of different AVR-Rmg8alleles, and some confer resistance only in seedling leaves but not spikes, making it important to select for those alleles that function in both tissues. This study has identified a gene recognizing an important virulence factor present in wheat blast isolates in Bangladesh and Zambia and represents an important first step towards developing durably resistant wheat cultivars for these regions.

Urban heating and cooling demands account for a significant portion of global energy consumption. It is crucial to explore new energy resources and innovative solutions to meet environmental targets. Urban infrastructures like data centers, water networks, and tunnels move and collect energy, in some cases residual energy, that is valuable because of its proximity to consumers. The novelty of this work lies in the exploration of utilizing the accumulated residual heat that is not used in subway air to improve the energy efficiency of urban areas. The work focuses on the potential use of this residual heat by installation of heat pumps in subway platforms or tunnels. By installing a heat pump on subway platforms or tunnels, this residual heat can be efficiently utilized for heating demand or producing domestic hot water. A general methodology for assessing the performance of such air-source heat pumps in the subway context is presented. The calculation of the coefficients of performance (COP) and seasonal coefficients of performance (SCOP) calculation is outlined, with a detailed example illustrating the methodology. The paper emphasizes a comparative analysis between the proposed system and a traditional heat pump using ambient air, highlighting the advantages of the proposed approach. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief analysis of the different effects of refrigerants on the system performance for the same boundary conditions. Results are promising, increasing the energy efficiency of big cities, and reducing CO2 emissions.

The article summarizes the application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in veterinary ophthalmology. It is reported that OCT provides high-resolution, non-invasive imaging of ocular tissues, aiding in the diagnosis and management of various ocular conditions. It discusses the technology's ability to measure tissue thickness and assess structures such as the cornea, conjunctiva, anterior chamber, iris, lens, vitreous, and retina.

Materials based on spin crossover (SCO) molecules have centered the attention in molecular magnetism for more than 40 years as they provide unique examples of multifunctional and stimuli-responsive materials, which can be then integrated into electronic devices to exploit their molecular bistability. This process often requires the preparation of thermally stable SCO molecules that can sublime and remain intact in contact with surfaces. However, the number of robust sublimable SCO molecules is still very scarce. Here, we report a novel example of this kind. It is based on a neutral iron(II) coordination complex formulated as [Fe(neoim)2], where neoimH is the ionogenic ligand 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)-9-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline. In the first part, a comprehensive study, which covers the synthesis and magnetostructural characterization of the [Fe(neoim)2] complex as a bulk microcrystalline material, is reported. Then, in the second part, we investigate the suitability of this material to form thin films through high-vacuum sublimation. Finally, the retainment of all present SCO capabilities in the bulk when the material is processed is thoroughly studied by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In particular, a very efficient and fast light-induced spin transition (LIESST effect) has been observed, even for ultrathin films of 15 nm.

•La otitis externa es una patología muy frecuente. La mayoría de las veces de causa infecciosa bacteriana siendo los patógenos predominantes Pseudomonas aeruginosay Staphilococcus aureus.•Los síntomas principales son la otalgia, otorrea y edema del CAE.•Como norma general en la otitis externa difusa aguda se empleará tratamiento tópico empírico mediante gotas óticas para las formas no complicadas.•Se debe conocer la existencia de una forma de otitis externa infecciosa complicada y grave, que asocia elevada morbimortalidad, denominada otitis externa maligna que aparece principalmente en ancianos, diabéticos mal controlados e inmunodeprimidos.•En los diversos estudios aleatorizados y metaanálisis no se ha podido demostrar de forma clara la superioridad de ningún antibiótico concreto sobre los demás ni sobre los antisépticos, ni aislados o en asociación con corticoides.

•La actuación ante una epistaxis debe seguir un carácter progresivo en función de la gravedad clínica.•Si no se identifica un punto de sangrado, este es abundante o en sábana, fracasa la cauterización o no se dispone de ella se realizará un taponamiento nasal.•La actuación ante una epistaxis debe seguir un carácter progresivo en función de la gravedad clínica.•Si no se identifica un punto de sangrado, este es abundante o en sábana, fracasa la cauterización o no se dispone de ella se realizará un taponamiento nasal.

We compared an ultra‐minimally invasive ultrasound‐guided percutaneous A1 pulley release and a classic open surgery for trigger digit. We designed a single‐center randomized control trial. All cases had clinical signs of primary grade III trigger digit. Concealed allocation (1:1) was used for assigning patients to each group and data collectors were blinded. The Quick‐Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick‐DASH) questionnaire was our primary variable. Quick‐DASH, two‐point discrimination, grip strength, time until stopping analgesics, having full digital range of motion and restarting everyday activities were registered on the 1st, 3rd, and 6th weeks, 3rd and 6th months, and 1st year after the procedure. We randomized 84 patients to ultrasound‐guided release and classic open surgery. Quick‐DASH scores significantly favored the percutaneous technique until the 3rd month: 7.6 ± 1.2 versus 15.3 ± 2.4 (mean ± standard error of the mean). The percutaneous group obtained significantly better results in all the variables studied: time until stopping analgesics, achieving full range of motion and restarting everyday activities. Grip strength was significantly better in the percutaneous group for the 1st week only. Five cases of moderate local pain were observed in the open technique. There was one case of transient nerve numbness per group. The ultra‐minimally invasive ultrasound‐guided A1 pulley release was clinically superior to the classic open surgery in functional recovery with a lower complication rate.

Previous studies have shown that there is decreasing interest in E&N among medical students. The aim of our study was to evaluate the perception of E&N among a sample of medical students.

Proporcionar recomendaciones prácticas para el abordaje integral de las personas con diabetes tipo 2 según la medicina basada en la evidencia.

We present an implementation of the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian (also denoted as Higgs Effective Theory) in several high energy physics Mathematicapackages. In particular, we implement the bosonic part of the electoweak Lagrangian up to next-to-leading order for FeynRules, FeynArtsand FeynCalc. These tools are publicly available and can be used to readily calculate the Feynman rules and amplitudes in the theory.

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un importante problema de salud pública a nivel mundial afectando a más del 10% de la población española. Se asocia a elevada comorbilidad, mal pronóstico, así como a un gran consumo de recursos en el sistema sanitario. Desde la publicación del último documento de consenso sobre ERC publicado hace siete años, han sido escasas las evidencias y los ensayos clínicos que hayan mostrado nuevas estrategias en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la ERC, con excepción de los nuevos ensayos en la enfermedad renal diabética. Esta situación ha condicionado que no se hayan actualizado las guías internacionales específicas de ERC. Esta rigidez y actitud conservadora de las guías no debe impedir la publicación de actualizaciones en el conocimiento en algunos aspectos, que pueden ser clave en la detección y manejo del paciente con ERC. En este documento, elaborado en conjunto por diez sociedades científicas, se muestra una actualización sobre conceptos, aclaraciones, criterios diagnósticos, estrategias de remisión y nuevas opciones terapéuticas.

Magneto-ionics, which deals with the change of magnetic properties through voltage-driven ion migration, is expected to be one of the emerging technologies to develop energy-efficient spintronics. While a precise modulation of magnetism is achieved when voltage is applied, much more uncontrolled is the spontaneous evolution of magneto-ionic systems upon removing the electric stimuli (i.e., post-stimulated behavior). Here, we demonstrate a voltage-controllable N ion accumulation effect at the outer surface of CoN films adjacent to a liquid electrolyte, which allows for the control of magneto-ionic properties both during and after voltage pulse actuation (i.e., stimulated and post-stimulated behavior, respectively). This effect, which takes place when the CoN film thickness is below 50 nm and the voltage pulse frequency is at least 100 Hz, is based on the trade-off between generation (voltage ON) and partial depletion (voltage OFF) of ferromagnetism in CoN by magneto-ionics. This novel effect may open opportunities for new neuromorphic computing functions, such as post-stimulated neural learning under deep sleep.

A multi-channel capillary bioreactor devoted to the continuous abatement of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a bacterial and bacterial/microalgae consortium was investigated for 200 days. Toluene, α-pinene and hexane removal in the capillary bioreactor was up to 99 %, 98 %, and 55 %, respectively, which is remarkably high considering the low gas contact time of less than 1 second. Addition of silicone oil increased the removal efficiency (RE) of α-pinene within two days from 45 ± 6 % to 98 ± 2 %, probably through alleviation of biokinetic inhibition provided by the oil acting as buffer for the α-pinene and/or its metabolites. The RE of toluene increased after silicone oil addition over a period of about eight weeks from 81 ± 3 % to 99 ± 1 %, most likely via microbial adaptation. On the contrary, the removal of hexane did not increase following silicone oil addition, potentially due to the inhibition of hexane or its metabolites as the bioreactor was deliberately operated without replenishing the recirculation liquid. Interestingly, biomass adhered to the silicone oil phase rather than residing in the water phase. The bacterial diversity was substantially enhanced, and probably contributed to the observed stable performance of the capillary bioreactor. After the introduction of microalgae on day 150, lower CO2concentrations at the outlet compared to the inlet were observed immediately. A net CO2consumption was recorded, achieving complete carbon sequestration from the removed VOCs, along with additional CO2removed from the inlet ambient air.

To guide professionals involved in the care of people with diabetes mellitus who practice sport.

A series of hybrid electrolytes composed of diglyme and ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for Na–O2batteries, as a strategy to control the growth and purity of the discharge products during battery operation. The dependence of chemical composition of the ILs on the size, purity, and distribution of the discharge products has been evaluated using a wide range of experimental and spectroscopic techniques. The morphology and composition of the discharge products found in the Na–O2cells have a complex dependence on the physicochemical properties of the electrolyte as well as the speciation of the Na+and superoxide radical anion. All of these factors control the nucleation and growth phenomena as well as electrolyte stability. Smaller discharge particle sizes and largely homogeneous (2.7 ± 0.5 μm) sodium superoxide (NaO2) crystals with only 9% of side products were found in the hybrid electrolyte containing the pyrrolidinium IL with a linear alkyl chain. The long-term cyclability of Na–O2batteries with high Coulombic efficiency (>90%) was obtained for this electrolyte with fewer side products (20 cycles at 0.5 mA h cm–2). In contrast, rapid failure was observed with the use of the phosphonium-based electrolyte, which strongly stabilizes the superoxide anion. A high discharge capacity (4.46 mA h cm–2) was obtained for the hybrid electrolyte containing the pyrrolidinium-based IL bearing a linear alkyl chain with a slightly lower value (3.11 mA h cm–2) being obtained when the hybrid electrolyte contained similar pyrrolidinium-based IL bearing an alkoxy chain.

Zeolites are so well known in real-world applications and after decades of scientific study that they hardly need any introduction: their importance in chemistry cannot be overemphasized. Here, we add to the remarkable properties that they display by reporting our discovery that the simplest zeolite, sodalite, when doped with Cr3+in the β-cage, is a frustrated magnet. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic measurements reveal that the Cr present is Cr(III). Cr(III), with its isotropic 3d3valence electron configuration, is well known as the basis for many geometrically frustrated magnets, but it is especially surprising that a material like the Ca8Al12Cr2O29zeolite is a frustrated magnet. This finding illustrates the value of exploring the properties of even well-known material families.

The article focuses on the complexity of the relationship between art and taxes in Spain, despite efforts by lawmakers. Topics include the significant growth of the art market in Spain, particularly in contemporary art, the publication of the book "Régimen tributario del arte en España" by Lefebvre, and specific examples highlighting the challenges in tax legislation regarding art, such as the determination of artwork, treatment of gains and losses in the Income Tax.

Background:Although most women start breastfeeding after delivery, difficulties often arise. One of the main reasons is nipple soreness, which contributes greatly to early cessation of breastfeeding. A soreness evaluation through validated scales, performed by health care professionals during the first few days, can contribute to improve breastfeeding and support for the mothers.Research Aim:Knowing the prevalence of nipple soreness during breastfeeding at 48 hours postpartum at the Infanta Cristina University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) through a cross-sectional descriptive study.Materials and Methods:The study took place between February and March 2019. A survey of 58 postpartum second day mothers was conducted including the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Lactation Assessment Scale (LATCH) score for breastfeeding assessment. A descriptive analysis of secondary variables and subsequent bivariate inferential was performed for 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:The prevalence of nipple soreness observed is 97% (95% CI = 92–100%). It was found, significantly (p= 0.001), that the higher the score on LATCH, the lower the score on VAS and therefore the less pain. We found a relationship between women who were in skin-to-skin contact with their babies for 2 hours without interruption after birth and a higher pain score (p= 0.046). No other associations were found between VAS and other variables such as parity, type of birth, artificial milk supplements for the newborn, or using a pacifier.Conclusions:The high percentage of nipple soreness detected highlights that breastfeeding can be unpleasant in the first days after delivery. It is important to include in clinical practice the assessment of nipple soreness and the effectiveness of breastfeeding using validated scales.

Proporcionar unas recomendaciones prácticas para la evaluación y el manejo de la hipoglucemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus.

Crop breeding for resistance to pathogens largely relies on genes encoding receptors that confer race-specific immunity. Here, we report the identification of the wheat Pm4race-specific resistance gene to powdery mildew. Pm4encodes a putative chimeric protein of a serine/threonine kinase and multiple C2 domains and transmembrane regions, a unique domain architecture among known resistance proteins. Pm4undergoes constitutive alternative splicing, generating two isoforms with different protein domain topologies that are both essential for resistance function. Both isoforms interact and localize to the endoplasmatic reticulum when co-expressed. Pm4reveals additional diversity of immune receptor architecture to be explored for breeding and suggests an endoplasmatic reticulum-based molecular mechanism of Pm4-mediated race-specific resistance.

Introduction: The management of massive femoral bone defects following prosthetic infection remains a surgical challenge, particularly when the entire femur is affected.Methods: We present the first results of a new biarticular cement spacer with antibiotic technique using a cephalomedullary nail for the treatment of infected hip arthroplasty involving complete femoral bone loss.Results: 5 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included. In all cases 2-stage replacement due to hip periprosthetic infection was carried out, with the need for a biarticular complete femoral spacer in view of the magnitude of the bone defect. The infection was resolved in all patients, with no complications (spacer fracture or dislocation) associated to spacer use, and the patients were all able to maintain the sitting position with active knee movements between the 2 surgical stages. Improvement with respect to preoperative functional status was observed in all cases, as evidenced by the Harris Hip Score (HHS) (from 24.2 to 73; p< 0.001) and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) (from 16.8 to 33.2; p= 0.001), with a lessened need for walking aids.Discussion: The described technique offers a possible solution to a number of complications observed with the use of spacers in massive defects, affording greater patient comfort and autonomy while waiting to receive total femoral replacement.

The functionalization of the internal surface of macroporous carriers with glyoxyl groups has proven to highly stabilize a large variety of enzymes through multipoint covalent immobilization. In this work, we have translated the surface chemistry developed for the fabrication of glyoxyl-agarose carriers to macroporous cellulose (CEL). To that aim, CEL-based microbeads were functionalized with glyoxyl groups through a stepwise alkoxylation (or alkylation)/oxidation synthetic scheme. This functionalization sequence was analyzed by solid-state NMR, while the scanning electron miscroscopy of CEL microbeads reveals that the mild oxidation conditions negligibly affect the morphological properties of the material. Through the optimal functionalization protocol using rac-glycidol, we introduce up to 200 μmols of aldehyde groups per gram of wet CEL, a similar density to the one obtained for the benchmarked agarose-glyoxyl carrier. This novel CEL-based carrier succeeds to immobilize and stabilize industrially relevant enzymes such as d-amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilisand xylanases from Trichoderma reseei. Remarkably, the xylanases immobilized on the optimal CEL-based materials present a half-life time of 51 h at 60 °C and convert up to 90% of the xylan after four operation cycles for the synthesis of xylooligosaccharides.

Although many honey bee RNA viruses have been correlated with colony declines, little is known regarding the potential role of DNA viruses. Apis melliferafilamentous virus (AmFV) is a large double stranded DNA virus of honey bees and its prevalence and relationship with other parasites is poorly known. In the present work, we have described a high prevalence of AmFV in Argentinian apiaries, and a retrospective survey of archived honey bee samples revealed that AmFV has been present in Argentina since at least 2006. This is the first report involving AmFV in South America.

Este documento pretende dar a conocer la endoscopia de sueño inducido entre los distintos especialistas que tratan a los pacientes con trastornos respiratorios del sueño y ser una guía para los especialistas que vayan a realizarla de modo que pueda ser reproducible.

The effects of parasites, pathogens and agrochemical exposure combined with the cold temperatures of winter in temperate-climate regions contribute to the immunosuppression of honey bees. Recently, we demonstrated that abscisic acid (ABA) dietary supplementation increased the tolerance of Apis melliferabrood to low temperatures. Here, we study the relationship between cold exposure, dietary ABA supplementation, and the expression of genes involved in the immune response of in-vitro-reared bee larvae. We found that cold exposure induced the expression of several immune-associated genes in honey bee larvae, supporting that the immune system is active during the cold stress response in A. mellifera. At the same time, the ingestion of ABA alone increased the expression levels of the Toll pathway receptor toll18Wand nitric oxide synthase(nos) genes, which were induced also by low temperatures, reinforcing the connection between honey bees’ response to cold stress and ABA.

Los agonistas del receptor de GLP1 (AR-GLP1) son la opción farmacológica más empleada en el tratamiento de la obesidad en la actualidad en nuestro medio. Sin embargo, existe una gran heterogeneidad en cuanto a la respuesta en pérdida de peso con los diferentes fármacos antiobesidad y aún no se conocen bien los factores predictores de respuesta a dichos fármacos. Además, hay muy pocos datos publicados sobre casos de súper-respondedores al tratamiento con AR-GLP1. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con obesidad grado 4 (índice de masa corporal inicial 50,2 kg/m2) con complicaciones mecánicas y metabólicas asociadas, que consiguió una pérdida del peso inicial del 40% en un año con medidas higiénico-dietéticas y tratamiento farmacológico con liraglutida. Se revisa la literatura sobre los factores que pueden contribuir a las variaciones en la pérdida de peso con AR-GLP1 en general y con liraglutida en particular.

Systemic vasculitis encompasses a wide range of conditions characterized by varying degrees of inflammation in blood vessels. Although the etiology of vasculitis remains unclear, accumulated data suggest that it is triggered in genetically predisposed individuals by the concurrence of certain environmental factors. The importance of the genetic component has been consistently supported by evidence of familial aggregation, differential prevalence by ethnicity, and multiple genetic associations with disease susceptibility and severity reported in recent years. The strongest association signals in most vasculitides correspond to genetic variants within the HLAregion, suggesting an important role of the immune system in its pathophysiology. However, each type of vasculitis has distinct defining HLAassociation markers, likely due to disease-specific differences in antigenic drivers. Furthermore, other genetic polymorphisms located outside the HLAregion play an important role in susceptibility to different vasculitides. More recent research has assessed the shared genetic susceptibility evident across different vasculitides. Future studies should focus on the identification of genetic markers that can serve as reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response in systemic vasculitis.

The article discusses the clinical considerations of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) in dogs and cats. It states that SCCED refers to chronic epithelial defects that do not heal through normal wound-healing processes. It describes the anatomy of the cornea, the common causes and clinical signs of SCCED, and various treatment options. It also mentions that antiviral therapies and therapeutic lenses are recommended for cats with feline herpesvirus type I (FHV-I) infection.

The article focuses on the surgical technique "triangular-triangular" for the removal of large eyelid masses in canine patients. It discusses the significance of maintaining healthy eyelids and the potential complications associated with abnormalities. It presents a simplified technique for excising such masses, involving tumor removal, lateral canthotomy, and closure of the surgical defect. It emphasizes the importance of surgical expertise in performing eyelid surgeries on dogs.

Remote ischaemic conditioning with transient ischaemia and reperfusion applied to the arm has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We investigated whether remote ischaemic conditioning could reduce the incidence of cardiac death and hospitalisation for heart failure at 12 months.

Two new heteroleptic complexes [Fe(1bppCOOH)(3bpp-bph)](ClO4)2·solv (1·solv, solv = various solvents; 1bppCOOH = 2,6-bis(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)isonicotinic acid; 3bpp-bph = 2,6-bis(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) and [Fe(1bppCOOH)(1bppCOOEt)](ClO4)2·0.5Me2CO (2·0.5Me2CO, 1bppCOOEt = ethyl 2,6-bis(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)isonicotinate) were designed and prepared. The heteroleptic compound 1·solvwas obtained by the combination of stoichiometric amounts of Fe(ClO4)2, 1bppCOOH, and 3bpp-bph, and it was designed to fine-tune the spin crossover (SCO) properties with respect to the previously reported homoleptic compound [Fe(1bppCOOH)2](ClO4)2. Indeed, the introduction of a new substituted 3bpp ligand induces a weaker ligand field in addition to promoting the formation of π···π and C–H···π intermolecular interactions through the biphenyl groups. For the desolvated counterpart 1, this results in a shift of the SCO curve toward room temperature and the observation of a 13 K hysteresis width. Besides, compound 2·0.5Me2CO, which represents the first example of a heteroleptic complex containing two 1bpp tridentate ligands, stabilizes the LS state at room temperature confirming the same trend observed for the corresponding homoleptic compounds. Interestingly, both 1and 2·0.5Me2COheteroleptic complexes exhibit photoswitchable properties when irradiating with a 523 nm laser at 10 K. Preliminary characterization of the deposited complexes on native SiO2by X-ray absorption measurements suggests oxidation and decomposition of the complexes.

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is complex and is intended to decrease morbidity and mortality. Management should therefore include adequate diabetes education, lifestyle changes, drug treatment to achieve early blood glucose control and reduction of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, early detection and treatment of complications, and assessment of associated comorbidities.

El tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) es complejo y su propósito es reducir la morbimortalidad, por lo que su manejo tiene que incluir: un control glucémico individualizado precoz (mediante una adecuada educación diabetológica, modificaciones del estilo de vida y tratamiento farmacológico), el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (CV), la detección y tratamiento precoz de las complicaciones y la evaluación de las comorbilidades asociadas. El objetivo fue elaborar un documento para unificar los aspectos necesarios para el abordaje integral de las personas con DM2.

In this work we report on the epitaxial growth of La2NiMnO6double perovskite thin films on top of (001) oriented SrTiO3substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The influence of oxygen pressure (PO2) and growth temperature on the microstructure, stoichiometry of the films, and magnetic and transport properties is thoroughly investigated. It is found that high oxygen pressure promotes the growth of stoichiometric films, with a Ni/Mn ratio almost equal to 1. However, these films exhibit poor ferromagnetic properties with respect to the expected optimum values corresponding to ferromagnetic ordering mediated by superexchange interaction between Mn4+and Ni2+according to the Goodenough-Kanamori rules. Most interestingly, films grown at low PO2exhibit Ni/Mn ratios below 1, but ferromagnetic properties close to the optimal ones. The valence balance between Ni and Mn ions in nonstoichiometric sample has been elucidated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that Ni deficiency plays a crucial role in the puzzling insulating ferromagnetic behavior observed in nonstoichiometric samples.

“Vasculitides are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory diseases of blood vessels in which genetic variation plays an important role in their susceptibility and clinical spectrum. Because of the use of novel technologies and the increase of the sample size of the study cohorts, the knowledge of the genetic background of vasculitides has considerably expanded during the last years. However, few insights have been obtained regarding the genetics underlying severe clinical phenotypes, such as those related to the nervous system. In this review the authors provide an updated overview of the genetic landscape behind vasculitis predisposition and development of neurologic manifestations.”

The important prevalence and morbidity of obesity has generated an increase in bariatric surgery. It has a positive effect in obesity-related comorbidities. However, it's detrimental to bone health. The underline pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and heterogeneous. The knowledge of these factors may lead us to develop an adequate therapeutic intervention.

La importante prevalencia y morbimortalidad de la obesidad ha ocasionado un aumento de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Son numerosos los beneficios reportados de la cirugía de la obesidad en distintas esferas de la salud. Sin embargo, no ocurre lo mismo sobre el hueso, donde tiene un impacto negativo. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que subyacen en el deterioro del tejido óseo de estos pacientes son complejos y requieren de un estudio en profundidad. El adecuado conocimiento de estos factores permitirá adoptar las herramientas más oportunas para un adecuado abordaje terapéutico.

La administración de ácido tranexámico (ATX) es efectiva reduciendo la pérdida de sangre en la artroplastia de rodilla. Con el fin de evitar los efectos adversos de la administración intravenosa, se ha propuesto el uso tópico del mismo. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de ATX tópico para reducir la hemorragia postoperatoria en la artroplastia de rodilla.

Biological processes are increasingly applied for gas purification as a sustainable and economical alternative to conventional physical-chemical processes (chemical absorption, incineration, adsorption). Although biological gas treatment is accepted as an economical, safe, and reliable air pollution control technology, it faces important limitations when applied for the treatment of poorly water-soluble compounds due to mass transfer limitations. A twenty-five capillary channels bioreactor was studied to characterize mass transfer coefficients and the removal of hydrophobic air pollutants under segmented gas-liquid flow pattern. The removal efficiency of hexane, toluene and α-pinene vapors reached values up to about 75%, 99% and 75%, respectively, at a gas contact time of less than 1 s, which is at least one, but closer to two orders of magnitude shorter than conventional biological gas purification systems. The bioreactor displayed stable operation for 100 days and was robust against common upsets, which opens the new opportunities for expanding the application field of biological processes for air pollution control and the mitigation of greenhouse gases in dilute air streams.