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The article addresses the issue of local collaborative relationships between groups of different development actors in municipalities, as well as their perception of barriers to development. The study covered Polish municipalities that represent different dimensions of development dualism. The analyses used the results of 629 questionnaires and applied statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney Utest and Spearman’s rank correlation). The results indicate that the assessment of the importance of different types of relationships and barriers to development varies within some dualisms. At the same time, certain characteristics specific to certain dimensions of these dualisms can be discerned. The relationship between the importance of cooperation and the types of barriers to development showed no statistical significance or very weak relationships.

In the study of emotions associated with staying in a specific space, in addition to the subjective approach based on describing one’s feelings caused by the environment, an objective approach is also used, using ambulatory sensors to measure the body’s reaction to external stimuli. The aim of the article is, on the one hand, to formulate guidelines regarding the methodology of using electrodermal activity (EDA) sensors in public space research, and, on the other hand, to indicate the practical application of this type of research. The device was tested during a walk along the Krakowskie Przedmiescie Street in Warsaw. The study confirmed that the effect of measurements using biosensors is not so much an objectively identified cause-and-effect relationship between a stimulus and a specific reaction of the body, but an in-depth reflection on the way we experience the space. Due to the multitude of stimuli coming from the environment and the individual emotional, as well as mental state of each person, biosensors are currently a better solution for static research in microspace. However, geographers should continue rigorous research on whether and how these devices should be used in field research, how to standardize the conditions under which recordings are made, and how to standardize measurement methodology and participant selection.

In the study of emotions associated with staying in a specific space, in addition to the subjective approach based on describing one’s feelings caused by the environment, an objective approach is also used, using ambulatory sensors to measure the body’s reaction to external stimuli. The aim of the article is, on the one hand, to formulate guidelines regarding the methodology of using electrodermal activity (EDA) sensors in public space research, and, on the other hand, to indicate the practical application of this type of research. The device was tested during a walk along the Krakowskie Przedmieście Street in Warsaw. The study confirmed that the effect of measurements using biosensors is not so much an objectively identified cause-and-effect relationship between a stimulus and a specific reaction of the body, but an in-depth reflection on the way we experience the space. Due to the multitude of stimuli coming from the environment and the individual emotional, as well as mental state of each person, biosensors are currently a better solution for static research in microspace. However, geographers should continue rigorous research on whether and how these devices should be used in field research, how to standardize the conditions under which recordings are made, and how to standardize measurement methodology and participant selection.

Chaotically developed post-socialist suburbs need retrofitting by providing residents with a local central space. This research aims at developing a typology of suburban local centres, describing the most common central spaces according to adopted criteria, as well as identifying which type of local centre has the most potential to be perceived as such by suburbanites and how suburban municipalities plan central spaces. The research was conducted in six institutional Warsaw suburbs representing the most common types of local centres of a neighbourhood catchment area. The research has shown that spatial criteria differentiate local centres more than social criteria. Concentric layouts attract different non-residential functions more effectively than linear ones. When recognising some spaces as central, the legibility of the broader spatial arrangement and the presence of key objects with centre-forming functions seems to be important. Factors that distort such recognition include the excessive dispersion of buildings, shops, and service points; peripheral or random location of the main activity node; poorly designed and equipped central spaces; and the proximity to large-scale shopping centres and recreational areas/objects. When looking for a model of retrofitting post-socialist suburbs through strengthening neighbourhood centres, it is worth recalling the concept of the so-called “third places”.

This article raises the question of place attachment in the context of an increasingly important factor, that is the use of gathering and leisure places. The author publishes findings of a survey conducted among the residents of Zacisze, Warsaw, a detached housing estate with a very poor range of public places for gathering and leisure. The study has proved that the use of local public spaces, as a specific category of place, reinforces attachment to the whole housing estate. The study also confirms the important role that social factors have in building place attachment. Conditions already exist for considering social factors more important than physical ones in building a positive relationship with a territory.

The article focuses on the development of affordable housing in Poland. Topics discussed include obstacles associated with the development of social housing in Poland, measures taken by the local and state government to deal with housing shortage, and solutions regarding affordable housing in the European member states. Also mentioned are the legal framework associated with affordable housing and the Polish legal basis of social housing.

The article discusses the increasing need for the implementation of cities and metropolitan areas integrated management system, as many social and economic problems cannot be resolved by a single territorial unit and demand cooperation and joint action. The author covers legal regulations concerning urban planning and management. Next, she presents four challenges in that field, namely integrated urban planning, integrated revitalisation programs, cooperation with governmental and non-governmental partners, as well as metropolitan areas integrated management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the shaping of suburban public space, a lot of attention is devoted to creating places enabling the strengthening of social ties, which is consistent with the ideas of integration and cohesion advocated by sociologists and urban planners. The so-called Third Places fit this description; they constitute the space between home and work, where we rest among friends and make ourselves visible to others. However, the previously conducted research indicates that the possibility of isolating oneself and living within the family is frequently the reason why residents of present-day suburbs choose such places. This means that the suburbs are becoming a space for recreation in a very restricted company or in outright solitude. The objective of the present study was to analyse the preferred forms and places of recreation, and the kind of personal interactions and relationships established by the inhabitants of suburban communities. During the study, several forms of preferred activities were distinguished, namely spending one's free time on one's own, which includes walks (also with a child or dog -