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Activated carbon (AC) is an adsorbent material used for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Unfortunately, these materials used by the industry are very expensive. This is why research is being conducted to produce low-cost activated carbons from natural biomass. The objective of this work is to study the effect of activation by orthophosphoric acid on the quality of activated carbons. The different techniques used for the characterization are: the Iodine number and the Methylene Blue Index. For activated carbons prepared in a single activation step, iodine number of 609.12 and methylene blue value of 102.48 mg/g were obtained. For those prepared in two activation steps, iodine number of 951.75 mg/g and methylene blue value of 115.14 mg/g were obtained.

ABSTRACTThere is an obvious general trend towards decentralisation in West Africa. This leads to changes in administrative structure. In this article, we develop and elaborate on a point that is often overlooked in decentralisation reform, namely local government capacity. We present empirical evidence from local governments in three francophone West African countries: Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. For local administrations to effectively deliver services, a sufficiently qualified staff is needed. Our argument is that staffing in general and a well-qualified staff capacity in particular are missing in most of the local governments studied. At the same time, the vocational training systems for the local civil service are structurally weak. The ongoing effort to close the capacity gap shows at once the concurrent need for and the typical limitations of externally planned development projects.

Safe anaesthesia and surgery are a public health imperative. There are few data describing outcomes for children undergoing anaesthesia and surgery in Africa. We aimed to get robust epidemiological data to describe patient care and outcomes for children undergoing anaesthesia and surgery in hospitals in Africa.

ATR is a key kinase in the DNA-damage response (DDR) that is synthetic lethal with several other DDR proteins, making it an attractive target for the treatment of genetically selected solid tumors. Herein we describe the discovery of a novel ATR inhibitor guided by a pharmacophore model to position a key hydrogen bond. Optimization was driven by potency and selectivity over the related kinase mTOR, resulting in the identification of camonsertib (RP-3500) with high potency and excellent ADME properties. Preclinical evaluation focused on the impact of camonsertib on myelosuppression, and an exploration of intermittent dosing schedules to allow recovery of the erythroid compartment and mitigate anemia. Camonsertib is currently undergoing clinical evaluation both as a single agent and in combination with talazoparib, olaparib, niraparib, lunresertib, or gemcitabine (NCT04497116, NCT04972110, NCT04855656). A preliminary recommended phase 2 dose for monotherapy was identified as 160 mg QD given 3 days/week.

OBJECTIVE--Significant new data suggest that metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis all posses an important inflammatory component. Infiltrating macrophages contribute to both tissue-specific and systemic inflammation, which promotes insulin resistance. The complement cascade is involved in the inflammatory cascade initiated by the innate and adaptive immune response. A mouse genomic F2 cross biology was performed and identified several causal genes linked to type 2 diabetes, including the complement pathway. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We therefore sought to investigate the effect of a C3a receptor (C3aR) deletion on insulin resistance, obesity, and macrophage function utilizing both the normal-diet (ND) and a diet-induced obesity mouse model. RESULTS--We demonstrate that high C3aR expression is found in white adipose tissue and increases upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Both adipocytes and macrophages within the white adipose tissue express significant amounts of C3aR. [C3aR.sup.-/-] mice on HFD are transiently resistant to diet-induced obesity during an 8-week period. Metabolic profiling suggests that they are also protected from HFD-induced insulin resistance and liver steatosis. [C3aR.sup.-/-] mice had improved insulin sensitivity on both ND and HFD as seen by an insulin tolerance test and an oral glucose tolerance test. Adipose tissue analysis revealed a striking decrease in macrophage infiltration with a concomitant reduction in both tissue and plasma proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, [C3aR.sup.-/-] macrophages polarized to the M1 phenotype showed a considerable decrease in proinflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS--Overall, our results suggest that the C3aR in macrophages, and potentially adipocytes, plays an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis and insulin resistance., The complement system is an integral part of both the innate and adaptive immune response involved in the defense against invading pathogens (1). Complement activation culminates in a massive amplification [...]

This work is part of the fight against environmental pollution in relation to the elimination of bisphenol A (BPA). The aim of this study was to develop an innovative process involving cross-current adsorption of BPA on an activated carbon based on Hyphaene Thebaica (CA-HT) shells. Cross-current adsorption tests yielded removal rates of 99.48 % and 82.02 % in synthetic and BPA-doped solutions respectively. Optimal factors were obtained by a composite design for a concentration of 80 mg/L and 50 mg activated carbon. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm were the appropriate models. Thermodynamic values indicate that the process was spontaneous and exothermic.

SCRAPS MAY COME TO MIND when you're piecing together a vegetable stock--whatever is left on the cutting board is often thrown in a pot and simmered to murky results. But [...]

Wastewater treatment (WWT) is a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater, prevent pollution of water sources and improve sanitation conditions. The treated effluent is reused mostly for irrigation purposes which reduces the growing global demand for clean water. Sludge separation is considered one of the main problems in activated sludge (AS) systems. Most separation problems are related to the characteristics of the activated sludge floc and the content of filament organisms. Two main key parameters to control and prevent separation problems are to conduct a sludge volume index (SVI) test and microscopic observations. In this study we used data from Shafdan, which is the largest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Israel, for predicting the future value of the SVI. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a class of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for processing sequential data. Long short term-memory (LSTM) neural networks are a specific kind of RNNs that are capable of learning long-term dependencies and have achieved state-of-the-art results. Our proposed bidirectional LSTM model shows an accuracy rate of 89% and an F1-score of 82% when predicting high SVI results a few days ahead, by using a window size of 5 days.

Amplification of the CCNE1locus on chromosome 19q12 is prevalent in multiple tumour types, particularly in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, uterine tumours and gastro-oesophageal cancers, where high cyclin E levels are associated with genome instability, whole-genome doubling and resistance to cytotoxic and targeted therapies1–4. To uncover therapeutic targets for tumours with CCNE1amplification, we undertook genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9-based synthetic lethality screens in cellular models of CCNE1amplification. Here we report that increasing CCNE1dosage engenders a vulnerability to the inhibition of the PKMYT1 kinase, a negative regulator of CDK1. To inhibit PKMYT1, we developed RP-6306, an orally bioavailable and selective inhibitor that shows single-agent activity and durable tumour regressions when combined with gemcitabine in models of CCNE1amplification. RP-6306 treatment causes unscheduled activation of CDK1 selectively in CCNE1-overexpressing cells, promoting early mitosis in cells undergoing DNA synthesis. CCNE1overexpression disrupts CDK1 homeostasis at least in part through an early activation of the MMB–FOXM1 mitotic transcriptional program. We conclude that PKMYT1 inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for CCNE1-amplified cancers.

Indigo dye wastewater from blue denim-manufacturing industries poses a significant threat to the environment if not adequately treated before discharge to water bodies. Indigo dye residues in the process effluent have complex molecular structures relatively stable to light and heat and resistant to biodegradation, making affordable and straightforward removal difficult. We demonstrate indigo dye removal using a low-cost, nontoxic, biodegradable, readily regenerated common adsorbent made of the CaCO3/Ca(OH)2composite. The optimized catalyst loadings at 20 g/L for sulfur and non-sulfur indigo dye mixtures (MIX-ID) affirm 13% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 68.5% dissolved organic matter (as UVA254), and 98.4% color (indigo) removal. However, the non-sulfur indigo dye was tested with 10 g/L of the adsorbent, giving 45.4% COD, 74.6% dissolved organic matter (as UVA254), and 99% color (indigo) removal. The removal of indigo dye was compared to ozone- and peroxone-based advanced oxidation processes. Ozonation was ineffective at oxidizing the effluent, and even though the peroxone process was able to remove the color, the process increased COD. A regeneration pathway was proposed to recycle the used adsorbent and allow for resource recovery by separating pure indigo dye and reusable effluent for the textile process. The catalyst was reused three times to remove the dye from textile effluents without any loss of efficiency.

There have been insufficient data for African patients with COVID-19 who are critically ill. The African COVID-19 Critical Care Outcomes Study (ACCCOS) aimed to determine which resources, comorbidities, and critical care interventions are associated with mortality in this patient population.

Saccharin and trans-resveratrol were incorporated into small quantity lipid-based nutritional supplements (SQ-LNS) to be evaluated as the markers of consumption for nutritional intervention studies. Forty-seven healthy women consumed a single supplement with either 8.6 mg of saccharin or 5 mg of trans-resveratrol, and urine was collected for 4 h. A rapid 11 min method employing multiple reaction monitoring and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was developed to measure saccharin and resveratrol metabolites in urine simultaneously. The linear dynamic range of the method was from 3 to 1000 ng mL–1, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 and limits of quantification from 15.28 to 53.03 ng mL–1. Sample preparation was simple dilution with an average recovery of 97.8%. Ion suppression was observed with urine concentrations >10%. Mean levels of saccharin and resveratrol-3-O-sulfate in urine were 5.481 ± 4.359 and 3.440 ± 4.160 nmol L–1, respectively. We developed and validated a method to measure saccharin and trans-resveratrol metabolites in urine to objectively corroborate the consumption of SQ-LNS for the first time in nutrition intervention studies.

The Kourki porphyry Cu–Mo deposit is located in the southern part of the Gorouol greenstone belt in Western Niger. The potential Cu–Mo mineralization is hosted by granitoids (granodiorite and diorite) and veins, in Paleoproterozoic plutonic rocks, which are the main porphyry Cu–Mo system. The scientific objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of Kourki Cu–Mo mineralization and to compare them with other porphyry systems in the world and particularly with those of the West African Craton. The methods implemented consist of a field study and a polarizing microscope analysis in transmitted and reflected light on the rocks bearing Cu–Mo mineralization. The use of reference diagrams made it possible, on the one hand, to confirm the origin of the Cu–Mo mineralization and, on the other hand, to specify conditions of the formation of this mineralization. The geology of the study area shows a granodiorite–tonalite pluton in close contact with dioritic intrusions to the north, clastic sediments to the east, and volcano-sedimentary rocks to the SE. The pluton is crosscut by an intrusion of molybdenum porphyry dyke with irregular shape that can be observed in outcrop. The geochemical study shows that the granodiorite–tonalite pluton can be related to a calc-alkaline plutonic series which characterizes an arc type environment. Large areas of hydrothermal quartz breccia have been identified within the pluton. They were set up by hydraulic fracturing along the zones of weakness. Most of the Cu–Mo mineralization in the Kourki deposit occurs as hydrothermal breccia, filled with veins, and was disseminated in the porphyry diorite and quartz–diorite stockworks. The mineralogical assemblage is marked by a predominance of pyrite, molybdenite, chalcopyrite and quartz with some bornite and chalcocite. The alterations include potassic alteration, propylitic alteration, sericitization and epidotization. All of these data show that the Kourki porphyry represents a characteristic system of an environmental arc, quite comparable with that of the Andean Cordillera.

Asymmetric catalysis based on halogen and chalcogen bonds (XB and ChB) is in its infancy, and the search for new chiral XB and ChB donors represents a crucial step toward its development. In this context, we designed and prepared new motifs containing three key substructures: namely, regions of electron charge density depletion centered on iodine and chalcogen atoms, the ethynyl functionality, and the planar chiral ferrocenyl platform. Nine ferrocenyl iodoalkynes were prepared as pure enantiomers by asymmetric synthesis. The XB donor property of racemic ferrocenyl iodoalkynes was demonstrated in solution in two benchmark reactions: the Ritter reaction and the benzoxazole synthesis from thioamides. In contrast, the ferrocenyl chalcogenoalkynes were far less active in these reactions. The potential of racemic and enantiopure ferrocenyl iodoalkynes as XB donors was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, showing I···C contacts between the electropositive σ-hole of the iodine atom and electron-rich π clouds for all crystal structures studied in the solid state.

Perioperative management in digestive surgery is a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To describe the process and outcomes of perioperative management in gastrointestinal surgery.

AbstractThis manuscript aims to develop a new multivariate composite index for monitoring agricultural drought. To achieve this, the AVHRR, VIIRS, CHIRPS data series over a period of 40 years, rainfall and crop yield data as references were used. Variables include parameters for vegetative stress (SVCI, PV, SMN), water stress (PCI, RDI, NRDI), and heat stress (SMT, TCI, STCI), and a new variable related to environmental conditions was calculated through a normalized rainfall efficiency index. Then, random forest algorithm was used to determine the weights of each component of the model by considering interannual fluctuations in cereal yields as an impact variable. The multivariate composite model was compared to the VHI, NVSWI and SPI-12 indices for validation. The results show a large spatiotemporal concordance between the MDCI and the validation indices with a maximum correlation of 0.95 with the VHI and a highly significant p value (< 2.2e-16). Validation of the MDCI model by SPI-12 shows a significantly higher statistically significant relationship than that observed between SPI and VHI and NVSWI. P value range from 3.531e-05 to 6.137e-06 with correlations that vary between 0.6 and 0.64 depending on the station. It is also highly correlated with the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and climatic water deficit index (CWDI), with R = 0.85 and p value < 5.8e-10 and R = 0.72 and p value < 1.9e-6, respectively. Finally, the study provides a new direction for multivariate modeling of agricultural drought that should be further explored under various agroclimatic conditions.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text.Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a rarely diagnosed psychiatric disorder in which individuals falsely believe that they emit an offensive body odor. This retrospective cohort study characterizes the clinical and demographic features of 54 individuals who presented to a Canadian genetics clinic for query trimethylaminuria (TMAU), an inherited disorder in which a pungent fishy odor is produced. The majority (83%) were found to have a likely diagnosis of ORS and a high rate (73.3%) of concomitant psychiatric disorders; only two patients were diagnosed with TMAU. This study highlights the genetics clinic as an unexpected and major ascertainment point for ORS, and shows that ORS can be differentiated from TMAU by age of onset (~28 years), odor characterization (refuse-related), and the presence of associated comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. There is a low diagnostic rate of ORS, attesting to the need for improved education and awareness.

•An encapsulated biomass was implemented after ozonation to treat olive mill wastewater.•Ozone pretreatment of tannic acid reduced the subsequent biodegradation time.•An encapsulated DelftiaEROSY biomass degraded up to 1000 mg L−1tannic acid.•Ozone pretreatment combined with an encapsulated biomass decreased COD from OMWW by 36%.•Spectral absorbance can monitor ozonation and biodegradation of OMWW.

Since Kanavel in 1905, knowledge of phlegmon of flexor tendon sheaths of the fingers have evolved over the twentieth century. This serious infection is 20% of infections of the hand and may have adverse consequences for the function of the finger and even beyond, of the hand. Amputation is always a risk. Frequently face this type of infection, we conducted a retrospective study and made an inventory of knowledge in order to consolidate and improve the overall care.

Background: With a prevalence of 3.1%, approximately, 450 000 children in Bangladesh are having severe acute malnutrition (SAM). There is currently no national community-based program run by government to take care of these children, one of the reasons being lack of access to ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF).Objective: To develop RUTF using locally available food ingredients and test its acceptability.Methods: A checklist was prepared for all food ingredients available and commonly consumed in Bangladesh that have the potential of being used for developing a RUTF. Linear programming was used to identify the combinations of nutrients that would result in an ideal RUTF. To test the acceptability of 2 local RUTFs compared to the prototype RUTF, Plumpy’Nut, a clinical trial with a crossover design was conducted among 30 children in the Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. The acceptability was determined by using the mean proportion of offered food consumed by the children themselves.Results: Two RUTFs were developed, one based on chickpea and the other on rice–lentils. The total energy content of 100 g of chickpea and rice–lentil-based RUTF were 537.4 and 534.5 kcal, protein 12.9 and 13.5 g, and fat 31.8 and 31.1 g, respectively, without any significant difference among the group. On an average, 85.7% of the offered RUTF amount was consumed by the children in 3 different RUTF groups which implies that all types of RUTF were well accepted by the children.Conclusion: Ready-to-use therapeutic foods were developed using locally available food ingredients—rice, lentil, and chickpeas. Chickpea-based and rice–lentil-based RUTF were well accepted by children with SAM.

UV applied with H2O2is a well-known advanced oxidation process (AOP) for degradation of trace organic compounds. However, the UV/H2O2process has scarcely been documented as a disinfection method for brackish or seawater applications or particularly as a potential reverse osmosis (RO) biofouling control tool in varied treatment scenarios. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential of medium-pressure (MP)-UV/H2O2as a pretreatment step to control brackish water RO (BWRO) biofouling caused by indigenous microorganisms. UV/H2O2pretreatment significantly reduced total heterotrophic counts. Consequently, the quantity of biofilm cells and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) following UV/H2O2pretreatment was significantly lower than that obtained after the control and the singular UV pretreatment steps. This is attributed to the additive or synergistic effect of MP UV light, H2O2and OH radicals. Hence, UV/H2O2has a high potential as a biofouling control tool in BWRO desalination systems. Higher H2O2concentrations may achieve improved biofouling control due to enhanced radical formation and higher H2O2residual effect.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage rate (VCR) remains low in France (37.4% in girls in 2021). The French health authority recommended in 2022 to extend vaccination competencies to additional healthcare providers (HCPs), including community pharmacists (CPs).

A hybrid methodology for assessing water quality, attitudes, and practice in low-income settings, which we call the AmriTau Water Quality Survey (AmriTAU WQS), is presented. An easy-to-use survey, operated through a lightweight smartphone application, is combined with standardized tests for assessing water quality and households’ perceptions and practices, producing a research methodology capable of characterizing the multifaceted nature of drinking-water use and quality in a sample community. This multifaceted approach allows generating meaningful insights, which can inform effective sustainable development projects. To validate the efficacy of this approach, a sample community in Kerala, South India, was assessed, and the results analyzed.

To provide recommendations regarding the best management of fibroids in couples who present with infertility. Usual and novel treatment options for fibroids will be reviewed with emphasis on their applicability in women who wish to conceive.

Background: Polyheterocyclic compounds have numerous applications in different fields ranging from medicinal chemistry to material science. Cascade reactions represent the most direct and efficient method to obtain polyheterocyclic molecules with functional diversity and increased complexity. Moreover, novel polycyclic systems can be generated which can possess interesting properties such as biological activity or luminescence. The number of polyheterocyclic compounds obtained through cascade reactions, including multi-component reactions, is wide and this review will be limited to polyheterocycles obtained from aromatic N-heterocycles: pyrrole, pyrazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, indole, benzimidazole, quinoline and other mono- or bicyclic compounds. Objective: The review will cover the period ranging from 2006 to 2015 and will focus on processes involving the formation of C-N bonds with the heterocyclic nitrogen.

Le pneumothorax peropératoire est une complication rare avec un risque élevé d’arrêt cardiorespiratoire par tamponnade gazeuse surtout sur un poumon unique. Nous rapportons l’observation d’une patiente âgée de 53 ans, ayant bénéficiée d’une pneumonectomie gauche sur des séquelles de tuberculose pulmonaire. La patiente avait présenté en postopératoire précoce une anémie avec un hémothorax gauche qui avait nécessité une thoracotomie en urgence. En peropératoire, la patiente présentait un tableau de tamponnade gazeuse suite à un pneumothorax du poumon restant, et dont la fatalité a pu être évitée par une exsufflation. Le pneumothorax peropératoire peut survenir en cas de lésions de l’arbre trachéobronchique, du plexus brachial, de la mise en place d’un cathéter veineux central ou un barotraumatisme. Le diagnostic du pneumothorax au cours de la ventilation uni pulmonaire est posé par la survenue brutale d’une hypoxie associée à une élévation des pressions des voies aériennes et d’une hypercapnie. Le geste de sauvetage immédiat consiste en une exsufflation avant la mise en place d’un drain thoracique. La prévention passe par la diminution du risque de barotraumatisme en insufflant les patients par de faibles volumes courants et une utilisation raisonnée de la pression expiratoire positive, sachant que malgré une ventilation protectrice, le risque du barotraumatisme existe toujours.

Cytoplasmic streaming refers to a collective movement of cytoplasm observed in many cell types. The mechanism of meiotic cytoplasmic streaming (MeiCS) in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes is puzzling as the direction of the flow is not predefined by cell polarity and occasionally reverses. Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network structure is required for the collective flow. Using a combination of RNAi, microscopy and image processing of C. elegans zygotes, we devise a theoretical model, which reproduces and predicts the emergence and reversal of the flow. We propose a positive-feedback mechanism, where a local flow generated along a microtubule is transmitted to neighbouring regions through the ER. This, in turn, aligns microtubules over a broader area to self-organize the collective flow. The proposed model could be applicable to various cytoplasmic streaming phenomena in the absence of predefined polarity. The increased mobility of cortical granules by MeiCS correlates with the efficient exocytosis of the granules to protect the zygotes from osmotic and mechanical stresses.

Formuler des recommandations quant à la façon optimale d'assurer la prise en charge des fibromes dans le contexte de l'infertilité. Les options habituelles et novatrices de prise en charge des fibromes seront analysées en mettant l'accent sur leur applicabilité chez les femmes qui souhaitent obtenir une grossesse.

The hetero-Diels-Alder reaction is one of the most powerful transformations in the chemistry toolbox for the synthesis of heterocycles. In this article, the recent developments of this reaction are presented involving heterodienophiles such as imines, azenes, carbonyls, thiocarbonyls, and nitroso compounds as well as heterobutadienes such as azabutadienes, diaazabutadienes, oxabutadienes, thiabutadienes, nitrosoalkenes, and nitroalkenes.

Paronychia and felon are the most common infections of the hand. Surgical treatment is required once an abscess develops, but systematic use of postoperative antibiotic therapy remains open for discussion. Antibiotics both favor the selection of resistant bacteria and increase the cost of treatment. To our knowledge, no study has demonstrated their benefit following excision, yet many practitioners prescribe them systematically and empirically. In our current practices, we do not use antibiotic coverage following excision of uncomplicated paronychia or felon (no signs of arthritis, osteitis, flexor tenosynovitis, lymphangitis), except in potentially at-risk patients (immunosuppressed, diabetic, cardiac valve prosthesis recipient). Since this approach seems to lead to good outcomes, our objective was to evaluate them clinically in this study. Our prospective study included 46 patients who were not considered at risk. There were 26 cases of paronychia, 3 cases of felon and 17 patients presenting both paronychia and felon. All cases were abscessed and uncomplicated. All patients underwent surgical excision, and none received postoperative antibiotics. Follow-up took place on the day after surgery, at days 7, 14, 21 and 45. The main criterion for evaluation was healing of the infection and the wound. We recorded 45 cases of healing with no complications and a single case of recurrence. Surgical excision of paronychia or felon without antibiotic coverage gives excellent results with only rare recurrence. The single failure can be attributed to inadequate excision. Antibiotic therapy has no role in managing uncomplicated felon or paronychia in patients who are otherwise not at risk. Successful treatment depends above all on the completeness of the surgical excision.

Psoas muscle area (PMA) is a novel measure of frailty that can be efficiently measured from computed tomography images to help predict risk in older adults referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The objective of this study was to determine if PMA would be incrementally predictive of mortality and morbidity after TAVR.

I remember the sun, and it remembers me. At sunrise. At sunset. It is quiet, but it is talking. Daniel Mamane, Age 8 […]

•Enantioseparation of 2,2′-disubstituted-3,3′,5,5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-bipyridines.•Comparative enantioseparations on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases.•Comparison of coated and immobilized amylose-based chiral stationary phases.•Enantiorecognition mechanism was explored by molecular dynamics.

Évaluer l’impact d’un antécédent de radiothérapie sur les résultats de l’implantation d’un sphincter urinaire artificiel (SAU) chez les patients masculins.

Formuler des recommandations quant à la façon optimale d’assurer la prise en charge des fibromes dans le contexte de l’infertilité. Les options habituelles et novatrices de prise en charge des fibromes seront analysées en mettant l’accent sur leur applicabilité chez les femmes qui souhaitent obtenir une grossesse.

Ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is the preferred treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition. It contains large amounts of linoleic acid and little a-linolenic acid, which may reduce the availability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to the recovering child. A novel high-oleic RUTF (HO-RUTF) was developed with less linoleic acid to determine its effect on DHA and EPA status. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical effectiveness trial treating rural Malawian children with severe acute malnutrition. Children were treated with either HO-RUTF or standard RUTF. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid status was measured on enrollment and after 4 weeks and compared between the 2 intervention groups. Among the 141 children enrolled, 48 of 71 receiving HO-RUTF and 50 of 70 receiving RUTF recovered. Plasma phospholipid samples were analyzed from 43 children consuming HO-RUTF and 35 children consuming RUTF. The change in DHA content during the first 4 weeks was +4% and -25% in the HO-RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P= 0.04). For EPA, the change in content was 63% and -24% in the HO-RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P< 0.001). For arachidonic acid, the change in content was -3% and 13% in the HO-RUTF and RUTF groups, respectively (P< 0.009). The changes in DHA and EPA seen in the children treated with HO-RUTF warrant further investigation because they suggest that HO-RUTF support improved polyunsaturated fatty acid status, necessary for neural development and recovery.

Context:Although growing evidence points toward a role of lipotoxicity in the development of hyperandrogenesis, the main feature of polycystic ovary syndrome, few studies directly assessed this association in vivo in humans, and none targeted the ovarian milieu.Objective:The main objective of this study was to correlate follicular fluid (FF) T levels with lipids, lipid metabolites, and inflammation markers.Design:This was a cross-sectional study.Setting:Recruitment was performed in two fertility clinics at one private and one academic center.Participants:Eighty women requiring in vitro fertilization were recruited during one of their scheduled visit at the fertility clinic. All women aged between 18 and 40 years with a body mass index between 18 and 40 kg/m2were invited to participate.Intervention(s):There were no interventions.Main Outcome Measure(s):At the time of oocyte aspiration, FF was collected and analyzed for total T, lipids [nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) plus triglycerides], NEFA metabolites (acylcarnitines; markers of ineffective NEFAs β-oxidation), and inflammatory marker composition. The hypothesis being tested was formulated before the data collection.Results:FF T levels were significantly correlated with FF levels of lipids (r = 0.381, P= .001; independently of IL-6), acylcarnitines (r ≥ 0.255, all P= .008; not independently of lipids), and IL-6 (r = 0.300, P= .009, independently of lipids). Additionally, FF lipid levels were significantly and strongly correlated with acylcarnitines (r ≥ 0.594; all P< .001).Conclusions:These results suggest that ovarian androgen production is related to intraovarian exposure to lipids, independently of inflammation and mainly through ineffective NEFA β-oxidation (as shown by higher acylcarnitine levels). Inflammation is also associated with intraovarian androgenesis, independently of lipids.

Ready-to-use foods are one of the available strategies for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM), but challenges remain in the use of these products in programs at scale. This paper focuses on two challenges: the need for cheaper formulations using locally available ingredients that are processed in a safe, reliable, and financially sustainable local production facility; and the effective use of these products in large-scale community-based programs.Linear programming tools can be used successfully to design local compositions that are in line with international guidelines, low in cost, and acceptable, and the efficacy of these local formulations in the treatment of MAM was recently demonstrated in Malawi.The production of local formulations for programs at scale relies on the existence of a reliable and efficient local production facility. Technical assistance may be required in the development of sustainable business models at an early stage in the process, taking into account the stringent product quality and safety criteria and the required investments.The use of ready-to-use products, as of any food supplement, in programs at scale will be affected by the practice of household sharing and diversion of these products for other uses. Additional measures can be considered to account for sharing. These products designed for the treatment and prevention of MAM are to be used in community-based programs and should therefore be used in conjunction with other interventions and designed so that they do not replace the intake of other foods and breastmilk. Remaining challenges and implications for the (operations) research agenda are discussed.

Plus de 1 400 000 traumatismes de la main sont recensés par an en France, dont une part importante de plaies. Cette fréquence fait que de nombreux services de chirurgie orthopédique sont amenés à traiter en urgence ces plaies. Il est habituel de se focaliser sur une lésion nerveuse ou tendineuse en priorité. Cependant, les lésions vasculaires même partielles peuvent se compliquer d’un faux anévrysme. Nous rapportons le cas d’un faux anévrysme du rameau palmaire de l’artère radiale à la main, chez un jeune homme de 25ans, à 6 mois d’une plaie punctiforme négligée en regard de l’éminence thénar. Il a été décidé de l’opérer à cause d’une augmentation de volume et d’une gêne lors de la préhension. Le geste chirurgical a consisté en une résection et ligature artérielle, après un test d’Allen satisfaisant en préopératoire. Les anévrysmes de la main nécessitent une planification thérapeutique personnalisée. Même si leurs origines sont diverses, la localisation palmo-digitale rend le traitement complexe. Le vol vasculaire consécutif à une résection-ligature doit être compensé par le réseau artériel collatéral. Le bilan paraclinique doit s’assurer d’une telle suppléance. Dans le cas contraire, un geste de revascularisation doit être envisagé. Par ailleurs, certains proposent des nouveaux traitements moins invasifs, alternatifs à la chirurgie.

The study of the interaction of light with photochemical and photobiological systems requires an accurate assessment of the incident photon flux. The determination of photon fluxes for various light sources (monochromatic and polychromatic) has an inherent advantage since the use of standard quantum yields for the actinometer assures that the photon flux has been calculated against accepted standards. Alternatively, if the photon flux is known, chemical actinometry can be used to determine quantum yields. This study illustrates how incident photon fluxes and quantum yields can be estimated for photochemical and photobiological systems. First, an example is developed to calibrate a spectroradiometer using a low-pressure (LP) UV lamp using either the ferrioxalate or iodide/iodate actinometers. The Calibration Factors (CFs) (defined as the ratio between the actinometer and the spectroradiometer) agreed very well, demonstrating the consistency of quantum yields between well-researched actinometers. Second, since UV-LEDs have a bandwidth almost twice that of LP lamps, should UV-LEDs be treated as monochromatic or polychromatic light sources? Results showed no significant differences between the monochromatic analysis and the polychromatic analysis. Third, the uridine quantum yield is 0.025 ± 0.001 over the 254–279 nm wavelength range, independent of these wavelengths.

To review the clinical aspects of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and provide recommendations on its prevention.

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the flexible GnRH antagonist protocol in comparison with the long GnRH agonist protocol in elective single embryo transfer (eSET) practice. It was conducted in a publicly funded in vitro fertilization program.

AbstractBiofouling in water systems results in energy loss and potential contamination. In membrane treatments in particular, it often causes flux decline and increases tolerance to cleaning procedures. The effects of exposing bacterial cells to silver nanoparticles on their attachment in the initial stage of biofilm formation and on moderating biofouling buildup in an ultrafiltration membrane apparatus were studied. A high throughput screening method was used for assessing initial bacterial attachment and biofilm formation for P. aeruginosacells exposed to 39 μg/mL of Ag-NPs and compared to non-exposed cells, incubated for 2–48 h. Results showed that Ag-NPs steadily retarded biofilm formation, compared to control cells, where the attached biomass increased over incubation time. To elucidate the influence of Ag-NPs on biofouling buildup in an UF apparatus, two procedures were examined: (a) cells, pre-exposed to Ag-NPs were filtered through a membrane prior to sequential filtration of growth medium, and (b) suspension of cells and growth medium were filtered through a membrane in the presence or absence of Ag-NPs. Exposed samples in both procedures resulted in lower flux decline compared to respective controls. Scanning electron micrographs of post-filtered membranes showed a biofilm layer on the control membrane and scattered individual cells on Ag-NP-exposed membrane.

Biofouling in water systems results in energy loss and potential contamination. In membrane treatments in particular, it often causes flux decline and increases tolerance to cleaning procedures. The effects of exposing bacterial cells to silver nanoparticles on their attachment in the initial stage of biofilm formation and on moderating biofouling buildup in an ultrafiltration membrane apparatus were studied. A high throughput screening method was used for assessing initial bacterial attachment and biofilm formation for P. aeruginosa cells exposed to 39 |ig/mL of Ag-NPs and compared to non-exposed cells, incubated for 2-48 h. Results showed that Ag-NPs steadily retarded biofilm formation, compared to control cells, where the attached biomass increased over incubation time. To elucidate the influence of Ag-NPs on biofouling buildup in an UF apparatus, two procedures were examined: (a) cells, pre-exposed to Ag-NPs were filtered through a membrane prior to sequential filtration of growth medium, and (b) suspension of cells and growth medium were filtered through a membrane in the presence or absence of Ag-NPs. Exposed samples in both procedures resulted in lower flux decline compared to respective controls. Scanning electron micrographs of post-filtered membranes showed a biofilm layer on the control membrane and scattered individual cells on Ag-NP-exposed membrane.

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been functionalized, for the electrocatalytic detection of NADH, by microwave treatment, electrochemical deposition of poly(methylene green) or wrapping with an Os‐complex modified polymer. Sol‐gel thin films have been then electrodeposited on the carbon nanotube layers for co‐immobilization of D‐sorbitol dehydrogenase and diaphorase when necessary and NAD+via covalent linkage using glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The comparison of these systems shows that the electrodeposited sol‐gel matrix can significantly affect the operational behavior of functionalized MWCNT. Only MWCNT wrapped with the Os‐complex modified polymer and covered with a sol‐gel biocomposite allowed the electrochemical detection of D‐sorbitol in a reagentless configuration.

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