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Chiral hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides are highly promising chiroptoelectronic materials with potential applications in several fields, such as circularly polarized photodetectors, second-order nonlinear optics, and spin-selective devices. However, the ability of manipulating the chiroptical response and the chirality transfer from the organic ligands require one to shed light on structure–property correlations. Herein, we devised and prepared two novel Ge-based chiral hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides showing a different structural topology, namely, a 1D and a 2D arrangement, but composed of the same chemical building blocks: (R/S-ClMBA)3GeI5and (R/S-ClMBA)2GeI4. Through a combined experimental and computational investigation on these samples, we discuss the impact of structural dimensionality on chiroptical properties, chirality transfer, and spin-splitting effects; also, we highlight the impact of structural distortions. The approach presented here paves the way for a solid understanding of the factors affecting the properties of chiral metal halides, thus allowing a future wise materials engineering.

The shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) is a large pelagic predator that inhabits coastal and ocean waters. It has several teeth arranged in rows that run from the rostral to the lingual face. These teeth are in several stages of maturation, where the teeth closest to the rostral face are more mature and functional and the teeth closest to the lingual face are still in development. The tooth supply of the shark is unlimited throughout its life. The mechanism of tooth replacement follows that, when the front teeth are discarded physiologically, the posterior teeth replace it. This study us used a head and dental arch of I. oxyrinchus. Intraoral radiographs were obtained with the aim to show details of the pulp cavity. The study concluded that the pulp diameter varies according to the stage of dental maturation.

ABSTRACTWe present a synopsis of studies reporting the free-living occurrence of green algal lichen symbionts. We give an overview of all known lichen photobiont genera together with comprehensive descriptions, taxonomical classification and occurrence data. Based on the analysis of 310 records, we discovered that at least 80% of lichen photobiont genera were observed in the free-living state. Diplosphaera chodatii, Elliptochloris bilobataand Chloroidium ellipsoideumrepresent both morphologically and genetically the most frequently reported free-living photobiont species. Trebouxia, the most prevalent genus of lichen photobionts, has frequently been reported to exist independently to fungal hyphae. Based on our literature survey, free-living photobionts of lichens are able to grow in a wide range of environments and substrates, with most records coming from soil and biological soil crusts.

In this explorative study we applied a set of uni- and bi-variate diversity metrics (α-diversity, Whittaker β-diversity, γ-diversity, Whittaker plot) to two sampled ‘communities’ of anthropogenic beach litter. Meso-litter represented the ‘species’ with the highest number of items. Comparing the two sampled sites, we observed different values in total number of items, in α-, β- and γ-diversity and in the shape of Whittaker plot: we think that these results might have implication for assessing the impact of marine litter and the necessary operation measures aimed to its removal: (i) the higher is the amount of litter, the higher the effort in its removal, (ii) the higher is the α- and γ-diversity, the higher the number of tools and equipment to differentiate it, (iii) Shannon index, evenness and β-diversity provide interesting information on, respectively, diversity of sources, their frequency distribution and turnover, so implying different impacts on specific sensitive targets in different sites and the necessity of oriented operational actions. Moreover, the higher is the β-diversity, the higher the heterogeneity of litter with implication on a possible change of resources and equipment involved. Although we highlighted some caveat in the use and misuse of diversity metrics in beach litter management, we suggest further application of these indices to beach litter ‘communities’ to build a general conceptual framework in this sense.

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

Tumor heterogeneity affects diagnosis, prognosis and response to therapy. Heterogeneity is found in both normal and neoplastic human mammary gland. Indeed, luminal ER-negative cells can give rise to various phenotypes, including ER-negative and ER-positive mammary tumors. As a result, the tumor phenotype does not necessarily reflects the cell of origin of cancer. With regard to the ER status, heterogeneity can challenge endocrine therapies, where the elimination of responsive clones could lead to reduced treatment efficacy and tumor relapse through the expansion of the resistant clones. The aim of this study was to investigate breast tumor heterogeneity and its role in endocrine resistance onset. For this purpose, we used ER+(T47D, CAMA1) and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines (TNBC; MDA-MB-231, HCC70), co-cultures using 2D and 3D models. Our results showed that ER status is modulated when ER+cells are cultured in the presence of TNBC cells, leading to a different response to endocrine therapy, demonstrating that the response to treatment can be affected by the influence that different breast cancer cell types exert on each other. In addition, ER+positive cells doubling time was modified after exposure to TNBC cell co-culturing. Further experiments are required to fully elucidate the molecular mechanism of these observations.

Flameless pressurised oxycombustion, which has been demonstrated at pilot (5 MWt) scale in Italy, seems to offer a number of Inherent advantages as a clean coal technology, promising benefits such [...]

•SVV test evaluates the static otolith system and, cervical and ocular VEMPs, examines the dynamic.•SVV, with the bucket method, and cervical and ocular VEMPs, contribute to the assessment of vestibulopathies.•SVV and cervical and ocular VEMPs together, are advantageous to assess otolith disorders in Meniere’s disease.

The increasing global demand for energy, coupled with the need to mitigate climate change, has spurred significant interest in renewable energy sources. Among these, solar energy holds particular promise due to its abundance and potential to be converted into clean fuels through thermochemical cycles. High‐entropy perovskite oxides (HEPOs) have emerged as promising materials for solar thermochemical hydrogen (STCH) production, offering advantages over traditional materials like ceria due to their enhanced thermal stability, flexibility in composition, and lower operating temperatures. Herein, the advantages of HEPOs, including their stability under extreme thermal conditions which is critical for repeated redox cycling in H2production, are highlighted. The inherent configurational entropy allows for a broader range of element incorporation, leading to improved tunability of physical properties. However, challenges remain, particularly in terms of cost and scalability. To address this, strategies such as the use of more abundant elements and optimized synthesis are discussed. Additionally, the future potential of HEPOs, including their integration into advanced solar reactors, is explored, and how computational methods can be employed to predict new high‐entropy compositions with improved performance is examined. The development of HEPOs for STCH offers a promising pathway toward sustainable hydrogen production, addressing both environmental and economic challenges. This graphical abstract summarizes the applications of high‐entropy perovskite oxides, highlighting their role in heterogeneous catalysis, solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen‐transport membranes, and photovoltaic applications. The central image illustrates the perovskite structure, while the surrounding graphics depict various applications, emphasizing their multifunctionality in energy conversion and storage technologies.

Available evidence suggests that digital health solutions have the potential to improve care provision for older people with multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity). Successful implementation of digital health solutions within ecosystems of health care requires an in-depth understanding of users’ needs and clear assessment of the factors that may facilitate the adoption and sustained use of a solution as part of an effective model of coordinated care. In this paper we present the results from a qualitative investigation aimed at testing the transferability of an ICT-based solution for integrated care (the ProACT system), optimised for older people with multimorbidity. In total, 15 participants grouped into three different use-case scenarios were given the possibility to use the ProACT system in their living environments (i.e. private homes, sheltered apartments) for one month. Follow-up focus groups were conducted to assess the participants’ experience with the system. Thematic analysis of the focus group transcripts was conducted to identify factors that influence the usability, acceptability and perceived affordability (accessibility) of ProACT in different use contexts. From this analysis, four main factors related to context, user, intervention and technology were identified as potentially influencing adoption and use of ProACT on a daily basis. In addition, 12 sub-themes were identified as providing a comprehensive overview of the users’ views on the tested system. Overall, the results from this qualitative investigation point to the need to consider technical as well as psychological factors to ensure that digital health-based solutions are accepted by their end users and are perceived as useful.

Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system1. Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests2–5are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced6and satellite-derived approaches2,7,8to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151–363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C) of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea2,3,9that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets.

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5–7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.

Purpose: In this proof-of-concept study, the authors assessed the feasibility of using a humanoid robot controlled remotely via an immersive telepresence system to support a person with intellectual and motor disabilities performing a daily task (i.e. setting a table for lunch). Design/methodology/approach: The system involved a head-mounted display and two joysticks. A teleoperator was able to see through the video cameras of the robot and deliver the instructions verbally to the participant located in a different room. To assess the system, a baseline phase (A) was followed by an intervention (i.e. tele-operated support) phase (B) and a return to a baseline phase (A). Findings: Data showed a marked increase in the average frequency of task steps correctly performed from baseline (M= 15%) to intervention (M= 93%). Accuracy reached 100% in the return to baseline. Originality/value: These preliminary findings, along with qualitative feedback from users, suggest that an immersive telepresence system may be used to provide remote support to people with intellectual and motor disabilities.

ABSTRACTA Sardinian small trebouxiophycean alga, Laetitia sardoa, is described as a novel species and genus. This green alga was collected in an oligotrophic freshwater habitat, and its morphology was investigated. The strain established belongs to the order Chlorellales, of the class Trebouxiophyceae, as inferred from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear-encoded 18S rDNA and chloroplast-encoded ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxydase gene (rbcL). The analyses supported Laetitiaas a distinct lineage, sister to a Marvaniaclade. The taxonomy of this order has long been problematic due to the lack of distinguishable morphological characteristics. With the characterization of this microalgal strain, we confirmed the necessity of using molecular analyses to determine these cryptic algae. Moreover, our study contributes to the knowledge of the taxonomy and ecology of Chlorellales (Chlorophyta). In addition, the discovery of this new genus in the Ogliastra’s Tacchi suggests the potential diversity of this area, which up to now has remained largely unknown, and increases the general knowledge of the microalgal flora of this region.

The aim of this cross‐sectional retrospective study was to evaluate radiographically the technical quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate students using reciprocating NiTi instrumentation and single‐cone obturation. Endodontic treatment on 1102 teeth performed by undergraduate students from the School of Dentistry of the University of Santa Cecilia (Brazil) was evaluated. All root canal preparations were performed using Reciproc files and were irrigated with 1% NaOCl. The root canal was filled with gutta‐percha, along with AH Plus sealer, using the single‐cone obturation technique. The technical quality of the root canal treatment was evaluated based on immediate postoperative radiographs. Distance between the end of the filling and the radiographic apex, the filling density, and the taper of the root filling was assessed. Inter‐examiner agreement statistic (Kappa) and Chi‐square statistic test were used for statistical evaluation of the results. Differences were considered statistically significant when p< 0.05. Anterior teeth, maxillary premolars, and molars presented better results than mandibular premolars and molars (p< 0.05). Mandibular premolars presented a high incidence of a short length of obturation (33.34%) and mandibular molars presented a high incidence of overfilling (6.55%). The majority of the treatment analyzed (62.46%) fulfilled all the criteria showing acceptable working length, taper, and density of obturation. Instrument fractures occurred in eighteen root canals (0.81%). The use of NiTi reciprocating instruments with the single‐cone obturation technique provided an acceptable quality of endodontic treatment in the majority of the cases performed by undergraduate students.

The prolongation of the QTc interval on the electrocardiogram is known to be associated with an increased risk of developing life–threatening ventricular arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes (TdP). QTc values exceeding 500 ms can double or even triple the risk of TdP. Many drugs, including amiodarone and some SSRI antidepressants like paroxetine, can prolong the QTc interval. A 57–year–old patient experienced cardiac arrest during an overnight Holter recording prescribed to exclude brady–tachy syndrome in the presence of persistent atrial fibrillation. ECG ambulatory monitoring revealed significant bradycardia with the onset of idioventricular rhythm, followed by TdP triggered by premature ventricular contractions, subsequently degenerating into ventricular fibrillation. The patient was resuscitated by family members and later by emergency medical personnel using 3 DC shocks, leading to the restoration of spontaneous circulation. The patient was transferred to the cardiology intensive care unit where a coronary angiography showed normal results. Blood tests indicated low potassium levels (3.3 mEq/L), with a moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction at 45%. The patient was discharged after ICD implantation and during the diagnostic follow–up the genetic testings for long QT syndrome were negative, but showed a mutation of the LMNA lamin A/C gene. During the two months previous to hospital admission, the patient had complained of fatigue in the presence of atrial fibrillation with a low ventricular response. Nonetheless, she had been prescribed oral amiodarone to optimize the chances of successful electrical cardioversion, in combination with paroxetine that the patient was already taking at home. The combination of these two drugs and the patient‘s idiopathic bradycardia contributed to a marked prolongation of the QT interval, leading to TdP degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. This case, notable for the prolonged recording of ventricular fibrillation and subsequent resuscitation chest compressions during a Holter monitoring, suggests caution in the use of antiarrhythmic drugs unless strongly indicated in the presence of potentially ominous drug interactions. It is encouraging to note how the widespread adoption of cardiopulmonary resuscitation culture has enabled individuals who might not have otherwise received medical attention to be effectively resuscitated.

In the light of unprecedented planetary changes in biodiversity, real-time and accurate ecosystem and biodiversity assessments are becoming increasingly essential for informing policy and sustainable development. Biodiversity monitoring is a challenge, especially for large areas such as entire continents. Nowadays, spaceborne and airborne sensors provide information that incorporate wavelengths that cannot be seen nor imagined with the human eye. This is also now accomplished at unprecedented spatial resolutions, defined by the pixel size of images, achieving less than a meter for some satellite images and just millimeters for airborne imagery. Thanks to different modeling techniques, it is now possible to study functional diversity changes over different spatial and temporal scales. At the heart of this unifying framework are the “spectral species”—sets of pixels with a similar spectral signal—and their variability over space. The aim of this paper is to summarize the power of remote sensing for directly estimating plant species diversity, particularly focusing on the spectral species concept.

La controverse pélagienne a été un moment clé dans le développement de la théologie occidentale. Cependant, les informations précises sur l’un de ses protagonistes, Célestius, sont étonnamment rares. Ses anciens adversaires ont réussi à le réduire au silence. Le présent article redonne la parole à Célestius en analysant ce qui reste de l’un de ses livres non conservés. Treize passages de ce livre perdu ont été cités contre Pélage au synode de Diospolis (415) ; en outre, nous avons probablement localisé un quatorzième fragment dans l’Epistula 133 de Jérôme. Nous proposons une analyse contextualisée de ces fragments, en cherchant à savoir s’ils trouvent un écho dans les ouvrages anti-pélagiens de Jérôme et dans les écrits conservés de Pélage. Notre analyse du liber Caelestii perdu contribue à une meilleure compréhension des positions théologiques de Célestius lui-même ; elle révèle également l’accord entre Pélage et Célestius sur certaines affirmations et leur désaccord fondamental sur d’autres. Enfin, le présent article montre que Jérôme était bien informé de la controverse pélagienne.

Patients hospitalised with COVID-19 are at risk for thrombotic events after discharge; the role of extended thromboprophylaxis in this population is unknown.

Switched-Capacitor circuits as discrete-time analog devices are especially suited for the signal processing tasks occurring when interfacing analog and digital systems. The major obstacle towards the use of standard CMOS technology for SC video filters is the limited speed of high-gain CMOS op-amps. This limitation however can be overcome with some design ingenuity, as in the application considered in this work. Recommendation CCIR-601 prescribes to prefilter luminance and color-difference signals with filters characterized by tight group-delay specifications. In this work we consider the realization of the color difference prefilter [H.sub.a](s), which is currently available only in discrete-component (and therefore very expensive) implementations, with an equivalent system formed by the cascade of two integrated filters, namely a continuous-time filter [H.sub.1](s) and a SC filter H(z). This type of implementation can be applied to the luminance prefilter as well. Since CCIR Recommendation 601 prefilters are at the front-end of every digital television system, there are opportunities for their large-scale production within which the economical advantages of the proposed integrated solution are apparent.

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an inexpensive marker of anisocytosis easily available in the standard complete blood cell count. Besides its traditional use in the differential diagnosis of anemias, RDW values reflect abnormalities in erythropoiesis and red blood cell metabolism related to aging, sex, ethnicity, systemic inflammatory state, and oxidative stress. Thus, higher RDW values are common findings in several acute clinical conditions and chronic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests a prognostic role of higher RDW levels in many cardiovascular diseases. Among them, we aimed to review current literature focusing on the possible relation between RDW and atrial fibrillation (AF). Since aging, inflammation, and atrial substrate remodeling have a well-established role in AF pathogenesis, AF burden, and patient prognosis, we analyzed available data exploring the possible use of RDW in identifying patients at higher risk of AF and as a biomarker of worse outcomes for AF patients.

Crystalline films of lead-free all-inorganic Cs3Bi2X9(X = Br, I) perovskites have been deposited by radio frequency (RF)-magnetron sputtering providing high-quality, single-phase films as confirmed by structural, morphological, and optical property characterization. Progressive tuning of crystal structure characteristics and optical absorbance has been achieved in mixed Br/I phases Cs3Bi2(I1–xBrx)9(0 ≤ x≤ 1), highlighting a shift of the band gap from about 2.0 eV for Cs3Bi2I9to 2.64 eV for Cs3Bi2Br9. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering allowed defining the range of alloyed compositions where single-phase compositions are found. Finally, preliminary photocatalytic activity tests on the degradation of methylene blue provided solid data indicating the future possible exploitation of Bi-based perovskite derivative materials as active photocatalysts.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) for biomedical applications are doped with therapeutic inorganic ions (TIIs) in order to improve their performance and reduce the side effects related to the surgical implant. Recent literature in the field shows a rekindled interest toward rare earth elements, in particular cerium, and their catalytic properties. Cerium-doped bioactive glasses (Ce-BGs) differ in compositions, synthetic methods, features, and in vitroassessment. This review provides an overview on the recent development of Ce-BGs for biomedical applications and on the evaluation of their bioactivity, cytocompatibility, antibacterial, antioxidant, and osteogenic and angiogenic properties as a function of their composition and physicochemical parameters.

The aerodynamic noise emitted by a subsonic flow of dry air through an orifice plate is estimated in terms of internal sound power level and external sound pressure level (SPL) by application of the methodology described in the international standard IEC 60534-8-3. A shortcoming of the standard in defining the efficiency of the transformation of the mechanical energy of the flow into acoustic energy is discussed. Experimental evidence of the matter is also described. An alternative model employing the resolution of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques for the calculation of the acoustic power generated by the turbulent flow through the orifice plate is applied so as to overcome the issue.

g-C3N4/metal halide perovskite composites were prepared and used for the first time as photocatalysts for in situ1O2generation to perform hetero Diels–Alder, ene and oxidation reactions with suitable dienes and alkenes. The standardized methodology was made applicable to a variety of olefinic substrates. The scope of the method is finely illustrated and the reactions afforded desymmetrized hydroxy-ketone derivatives, unsaturated ketones and epoxides. Some limitations were also observed, especially in the case of the alkene oxidations, and poor chemoselectivity was somewhere observed in this work which is the first application of MHP-based composites for in situ1O2generation. The experimental protocol can be used as a platform to further expand the knowledge and applicability of MHPs to organic reactions, since perovskites offer a rich variety of tuning strategies which may be explored to improve reaction yields and selectivities.

Vestibular migraine is a condition that associates headache and vestibular symptoms.

Postural instability is one the most common disabling features in vestibular disorders.

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are characterized by monoclonal expansion of CD5+CD23+CD27+CD19+κ/λ+ B lymphocytes and are clinically noted to have profound immune suppression. In these patients, it has been recently shown that a subset of B cells possesses regulatory functions and secretes high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Our investigation identified that CLL cells with a CD19+CD24+CD38hi immunophenotype (B regulatory cell [Breg]–like CLL cells) produce high amounts of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and are capable of transforming naive T helper cells into CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in an IL-10/TGF-β-dependent manner. A strong correlation between the percentage of CD38+ CLL cells and Tregs was observed. CD38hi Tregs comprised more than 50% of Tregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with CLL. Anti-CD38 targeting agents resulted in lethality of both Breg-like CLL and Treg cells via apoptosis. Ex vivo, use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy was associated with a reduction in IL-10 and CLL patient-derived Tregs, but an increase in interferon-γ and proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells with an activated phenotype, which showed an improved ability to lyse patient-autologous CLL cells. Finally, effects of anti-CD38 mAb therapy were validated in a CLL–patient-derived xenograft model in vivo, which showed decreased percentage of Bregs, Tregs, and PD1+CD38hiCD8+ T cells, but increased Th17 and CD8+ T cells (vs vehicle). Altogether, our results demonstrate that targeting CD38 in CLL can modulate the tumor microenvironment; skewing T-cell populations from an immunosuppressive to immune-reactive milieu, thus promoting immune reconstitution for enhanced anti-CLL response.

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are characterized by monoclonal expansion of CD5+CD23+CD27+CD19+κ/λ+B lymphocytes and are clinically noted to have profound immune suppression. In these patients, it has been recently shown that a subset of B cells possesses regulatory functions and secretes high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10). Our investigation identified that CLL cells with a CD19+CD24+CD38hiimmunophenotype (B regulatory cell [Breg]–like CLL cells) produce high amounts of IL-10 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and are capable of transforming naive T helper cells into CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T regulatory cells (Tregs) in an IL-10/TGF-β-dependent manner. A strong correlation between the percentage of CD38+CLL cells and Tregs was observed. CD38hiTregs comprised more than 50% of Tregs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with CLL. Anti-CD38 targeting agents resulted in lethality of both Breg-like CLL and Treg cells via apoptosis. Ex vivo, use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy was associated with a reduction in IL-10 and CLL patient-derived Tregs, but an increase in interferon-γ and proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+T cells with an activated phenotype, which showed an improved ability to lyse patient-autologous CLL cells. Finally, effects of anti-CD38 mAb therapy were validated in a CLL–patient-derived xenograft model in vivo, which showed decreased percentage of Bregs, Tregs, and PD1+CD38hiCD8+T cells, but increased Th17 and CD8+T cells (vs vehicle). Altogether, our results demonstrate that targeting CD38 in CLL can modulate the tumor microenvironment; skewing T-cell populations from an immunosuppressive to immune-reactive milieu, thus promoting immune reconstitution for enhanced anti-CLL response.

We describe the case of a 68–year–old patient who presented to the Emergency Department following an unwitnessed syncopal episode with slow recovery of consciousness. On admission, the patient had dyspnoea together with physical signs of pulmonary congestion. Cardiac ultrasound showed severe left ventricular dysfunction with an ejection fraction of 30%, and apical and paraapical akinesis. The admission electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and diffuse repolarization abnormalities, hs TnI was elevated and BNP vl blood gas analysis were unremarkable. During observation in the Emergency Department, the patient experienced epileptic seizure, promptly resolved by intravenous Midazolam. Contrast–enhanced chest CT ruled out aortic dissection disclosing a clinically irrelevant subsegmental pulmonary embolism. A non–contrast CT scan of the brain yielded negative results. In consideration of the atypical clinical presentation and scattered evidence of an acute coronary syndrome, the patient was admitted to our Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) for additional diagnostic workup delaying coronary angiography in the presence of stable TnI elevation. Three hours after admission the patient continued showing altered consciousness and a subsequent brain CT was performed, demonstrating an intraparenchymal hemorrhagic spreading. Repeat ECGs showed precordial T wave inversion and prolongation of the QT interval. These data, together with LV apical dysfunction, raised the suspicion of Takotsubo syndrome secondary to an acute cerebrovascular event. During the hospital stay, recovery of consciousness, spontaneous absorption of the cerebral hemorrhagic spread and complete recovery of left ventricular function at repeat cardiac ultrasound examinations were observed, confirming the almost unequivocal diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome. The patient was discharged uneventfully and was scheduled for an outpatient coronary CT scan. This case underscores the crucial importance of a thorough clinical assessment in the management of complex patients in the presence of nonunivocal clinical signs and misleading blood test and imaging data. Moreover, Takotsubo syndrome is a protean clinical entity that can precede the index event as in our patient, i.e. cerebral hemorrhage. Misclassification of these patients as having an acute coronary syndrome could have led to the initiation of antithrombotic therapy, with potential fatal outcomes for the patient.

In the Mediterranean sandy coasts, urban expansion mainly occurs to support seaside tourism, causing a drastic loss of natural coastal dune habitats and the associated ecosystem services. We investigated on a representative tract of the Mediterranean coast to which extent land conversion into urban areas affected natural dune ecosystems and the related recreational Ecosystem Service over 50 years. Using empirical data derived from 591 questionnaires of beach users, we quantified the recreational ecosystem service (ESR) provided by the main dune habitat types of the Adriatic coast (Beach with Pioneer annual Vegetation, Herbaceous Dune Vegetation and Mediterranean macchia). On the basis of detailed multi-temporal land cover maps (years 1954, 1986 and 2006), we quantified the conversion of natural dune habitats into urban areas over time, by means of transition matrices. By combining the results of the assessment of ESRwith the transition matrices, we measured how the natural dune habitats’ loss reduced the related ESRsupply. Results show that although natural dune habitats have an important role as ESRsuppliers, urban expansion eroded them with specific rates, causing a total percent loss of 12% in the ESR. Our work underlines the fragility of natural coastal dunes, which during the last decades have become a privileged destination for touristic and recreational activities and, thus, have been progressively replaced by urban areas, with an unwanted direct impact on their ESRsupply. By combining multi-temporal mapping techniques with ecosystem services measurements, we enhanced our understanding of transformation processes on coastal dunes, offering as well new insights for dune management. According to our results, an effective dune management shall favor natural dune zonation, by welcoming sustainable sea-side recreational activities as the only acceptable form of coastal tourism.

Neurotology is a rapidly expanding field of knowledge. The study of the vestibular system has advanced so much that even basic definitions, such as the meaning of vestibular symptoms, have only recently been standardized.

Acceptor-doped barium zirconate-based proton conductors are currently receiving considerable attention because of their promise as electrolytes in future electrochemical devices, such as solid oxide fuel cells, but the defect chemistry, especially in regard to the local coordination environment and dynamics of protons in these materials, is unclear. Here, we investigate the local coordination environments and vibrational dynamics of protons in samples of the proton conducting material BaZr1–xMxO3Hxwith M = In and Sc, and x= 0.1 and 0.5, using inelastic neutron scattering (INS), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopy together with ab initiomolecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The local coordination of protons is shown to exhibit a rather peculiar dependence on the type and concentration of dopant atoms, as they are found to be similar for BaZr1–xScxO3Hxwith x= 0.1 and 0.5 and BaZr1–xInxO3Hxwith x= 0.1, whereas for BaZr1–xInxO3Hxwith x= 0.5 additional proton sites seem to be present. It is argued that these additional proton sites are characterized by local structural arrangements reminiscent of the fully In-substituted material BaInO3H. The presence of these local structural arrangements points toward different local proton mobilities between BaZr1–xInxO3Hxwith x= 0.5 and the other three materials and a higher rate of proton transfer events in brownmillerite-type local structures.

In the present work, the substitution of cesium (Cs+) with rubidium (Rb+) in fully inorganic tin bromide perovskites Cs1–xRbxSnBr3, has been experimentally demonstrated by synthesizing pure single-phase samples in the CsSnBr3–Cs0.70Rb0.30SnBr3compositional range. The substitution of Cs with Rb is responsible for structural modification from cubic to orthorhombic symmetry, which has been correlated with optical properties, as the band gap varies from 1.719 to 1.817 eV from CsSnBr3to Cs0.70Rb0.30SnBr3sample. Notably, all of the rubidium-embedding alloys present good air stability. All of these results are very straightforward and open the possibility to exploit the electrical and optical capabilities of this very promising family of lead-free materials.

The goal of this work is the design and the development of scaffolds based on maltodextrin (MD) to recover chronic lesions. MD was mixed with arginine/lysine/polylysine and the electrospinning was successfully used to prepare scaffolds with uniform and continuous nanofibers having regular shape and smooth surface. A thermal treatment was applied to obtain insoluble scaffolds in aqueous environment, taking the advantage of amino acids-polysaccharide conjugates formed via Maillard-type reaction. The morphological analysis showed that the scaffolds had nanofibrous structures, and that the cross-linking by heating did not significantly change the nanofibers' dimensions and did not alter the system stability. Moreover, the heating process caused a reduction of free amino group and proportionally increased scaffold cross-linking degree. The scaffolds were elastic and resistant to break, and possessed negative zeta potential in physiological fluids. These were characterized by direct antioxidant properties and Fe2+chelation capability (indirect antioxidant properties). Moreover, the scaffolds were cytocompatible towards fibroblasts and monocytes-derived macrophages, and did not show any significant pro-inflammatory activity. Finally, those proved to accelerate the recovery of the burn/excisional wounds. Considering all the features, MD-poly/amino acids scaffolds could be considered as promising medical devices for the treatment of chronic wounds.

The possible existence of mixed methylammonium (MA)/dimethylammonium (DMA) lead bromide hybrid perovskites of general formula MA1–xDMAxPbBr3(0 ≤ x≤ 1) was investigated. A combined X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance approach indicates that DMA can be incorporated up to about x= 0.30 while retaining the cubic lattice of MAPbBr3. By increasing the DMA content (x), the absorption shows a progressive blue shift and the band gap moves from about 2.17 eV (x= 0) to about 2.23 (x= 0.30) with a concomitant slightly faster recombination in the mixed cation powders.

Organo-lead halide perovskites are nowadays considered to be an emerging photovoltaic material. It is clear that the peculiar hybrid nature of this class of materials is central for their outstanding optical and transport properties. However, the role of the organic cation and its interplay with the inorganic framework remains elusive. To get insight into the interactions at play, high-pressure Raman, infrared, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements were performed on MAPbBr3(MA = CH3NH3+). Since lattice compression allows for a fine-tuning of the organic/inorganic interaction, we were able to follow the pressure evolution of the MA dynamics within the PbBr6cage and identify different phases. From a MA dynamical disordered configuration, the system enters at first a cation ordered phase and, at higher pressure, a static disordered MA phase. Data analysis points at H-bonding as the driving force for molecular reorientation. Since the MA dynamics directly influence the formation of polarons in hybrid perovskites and their ferroelectric properties, the present results provide the basis for the understanding of the transport mechanisms at the core of the outstanding properties of this class of materials.

We report herein novel chiral copper metal chlorides, namely, (R/S-ClMBA)2CuCl4[ClMBA = 4-(chloromethyl)benzylammonium], together with the corresponding racemic compound. The two chiral samples are composed of isolated CuCl4tetrahedra crystallizing in the noncentrosymmetric C2 space group and present a significant absorption in the visible region of the spectrum with a band gap around 2.50 eV. The racemic compound, on the other hand, gives origin to a different structural topology characterized by the presence of a quite unusual five coordination for Cu(II), with Cu2Cl6–dimers forming infinite chains along the baxis and presents, in addition, a strong reduction of the band gap (around 1.76 eV). The two chiral samples display a circular dichroism response with anisotropy factor values of around 0.02. The actual novel samples are investigated in comparison to the MBA-based (MBA = methylbenzylammonium) system in order to unveil the effect of benzene ring halogenation on the structural and chiroptical properties, indicating that the presence of chlorine leads to a doubling of the anisotropy factor.

Migraine is one of the most frequent and incapacitating headaches, with a high degree of impairment in quality of life. Its association with vestibular symptoms is common, including imbalance and postural instability.

Jerome’s homiletic production, from Germain Morin’s research onwards, has been traditionally dated around the first decade of the fifth century, namely before the eruption of the Pelagian controversy. However, some scholars, such as Salvatore Cola, Giuseppe Caruso and Alessandro Capone, have questioned the traditional dating of Jerome’s homilies, proposing the hypothesis that some of his homilies were preached during the Pelagian controversy. In the present article, we further develop the hypothesis of Giuseppe Caruso, who believes that the Tractatus in psalmum 89 (series altera) would have been preached during the Pelagian controversy, due to the presence of an explicit reference to the Augustinian doctrine of original sin. This hypothesis is further corroborated through the analysis of the entire homiletic corpus of Jerome and through appropriate comparisons with the works of Augustine known to Jerome. Furthermore, we propose the hypothesis that also the following homily, the Tractatus in psalmum 90 (series altera), was composed during the Pelagian controversy. In conclusion, the present research invites to reassess, at least partially, the traditional dating of Jerome’s tractatus to the first decade of the fifth century, as proposed by Germain Morin, and to consider also the Pelagian controversy as the possible theological context during which Jerome preached some of his homilies.

ABSTRACTLamin A/C gene mutations can be associated with cardiac diseases, usually referred to as ‘cardiolaminopathies’ characterized by arrhythmic disorders and/or left ventricular or biventricular dysfunction up to an overt picture of heart failure. The phenotypic cardiac manifestations of laminopathies are frequently mixed in complex clinical patterns and specifically may include bradyarrhythmias (sinus node disease or atrioventricular blocks), atrial arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial standstill), ventricular tachyarrhythmias and heart failure of variable degrees of severity. Family history, physical examination, laboratory findings (specifically serum creatine phosphokinase values) and ECG findings are often important ‘red flags’ in diagnosing a ‘cardiolaminopathy’. Sudden arrhythmic death, thromboembolic events or stroke and severe heart failure requiring heart transplantation are the most dramatic complications of the evolution of cardiolaminopathies and appropriate risk stratification is clinically needed combined with clinical follow-up. Treatment with cardiac electrical implantable devices is indicated in case of bradyarrhythmias (implant of a device with pacemaker functions), risk of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (implant of an ICD) or in case of heart failure with wide QRS interval (implant of a device for cardiac resynchronization). New technologies introduced in the last 5 years can help physicians to reduce device-related complications, thanks to the extension of device longevity and availability of leadless pacemakers or defibrillators, to be implanted in appropriately selected patients. An improved knowledge of the complex pathophysiological pathways involved in cardiolaminopathies and in the determinants of their progression to more severe forms will help to improve clinical management and to better target pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.

The local structure of MAPbCl3has been investigated through the combined use of X-ray and neutron pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and computational modeling. The results indicate the presence of a significant level of distortion at the short-range, irrespective of the average structure found by diffraction, and this suggests a possible correlation between the type of distortion and the features of the strongest H–X bond. The distortion of the octahedra decreases by reducing temperature, but the overall tilting of the octahedral system increases, and such tilting depends on the size of the anion. The comparison of the short-range structural data available on the MAPbX3family strongly indicates a common pattern of the local structural distortion in these systems.

Emerging evidence documents that social robots may increase motivation in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when participating in educational activities. This study reports on the results of a pilot test conducted in a public child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS) aimed at exploring whether a social robot could increase engagement and learning achievement in two 9-year-old male children with ASD with accompanying intellectual disability, language and communication impairments, and low adaptive skills. Using an ABA1single-case design, children participated in educational sessions targeting developmental and social skills (e.g., motor imitation, expressive/receptive language, spontaneous requests). The results indicated that interacting with a social robot enhanced engagement (d= 0.78) and goal achievement in one case (d= 2.19), and only goal achievement in the second case (d= 2). The results from the present investigation are discussed in light of their implications for the design of a more robust translational research protocol aimed at assessing the effectiveness of robot-based ASD intervention scenarios.

The evolution of the hybrid structure between 9R hexagonal perovskite and palmierite in the entire Ba3Mo(1–x)WxNbO8.5solid solution (where x= 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) was probed in the 100–900 K range by synchrotron high-resolution powder diffraction. Each sample exhibits a chemical-dependent structural model in the low-temperature regime (from 100 to 500 K) in which 9R and palmierite structures compete each other, the former being progressively favored as tungsten replaces molybdenum. Above 500 K, unit cell parameters and metal site occupancies start to converge toward a similar structural arrangement that is completely reached at 900 K. In fact, at this temperature, the entire solid solution discloses comparable unit cell and an almost enterely occupied M1 site, with a structure that is much closer to palmierite rather than 9R polytype. The present crystallographic results well explain the behavior of the material’s bulk ionic conductivity, whose temperature evolution for different compositions depends from the contribution of tetrahedral units proper of the palmierite structure.