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Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are luminous bursts of soft X-rays from the nuclei of galaxies, repeating on timescales of hours to weeks1–5. The mechanism behind these rare systems is uncertain, but most theories involve accretion disks around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) undergoing instabilities6–8or interacting with a stellar object in a close orbit9–11. It has been suggested that this disk could be created when the SMBH disrupts a passing star8,11, implying that many QPEs should be preceded by observable tidal disruption events (TDEs). Two known QPE sources show long-term decays in quiescent luminosity consistent with TDEs4,12and two observed TDEs have exhibited X-ray flares consistent with individual eruptions13,14. TDEs and QPEs also occur preferentially in similar galaxies15. However, no confirmed repeating QPEs have been associated with a spectroscopically confirmed TDE or an optical TDE observed at peak brightness. Here we report the detection of nine X-ray QPEs with a mean recurrence time of approximately 48 h from AT2019qiz, a nearby and extensively studied optically selected TDE16. We detect and model the X-ray, ultraviolet (UV) and optical emission from the accretion disk and show that an orbiting body colliding with this disk provides a plausible explanation for the QPEs.

Although internationalizing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have been extensively examined, the literature has mainly classified them based on size than on other factors disclosing different international dynamics, their diverse performance records, relevant strategies and support needs/expectations. This study examines internal and external barriers and key success factors of internationalizing companies, using data from 38 in-depth interviews of Australian SMEs conducted between 2016 and 2018. These cases were then categorized, using an inductive approach and text analysis software, along two dimensions of international experience and exposure, and product and/or service uniqueness and innovation. Moreover, internal and external liabilities and assets were diagnosed for each category. The resulting taxonomy, consisting of ‘prominent’, ‘performing’, ‘promising’, and ‘precluded’ sub-groups of SMEs, provides a useful categorization of exporting SMEs elucidating their differentiated needs and priorities. This research highlights that the current ‘catch-all’ category used in research and practice for internationalizing SMEs is not consistent and should instead be unpacked.

NiFe-based oxo-hydroxides are highly active for the oxygen evolution reaction but require complex synthesis and are poorly durable when deposited on foreign supports. Herein we demonstrate that easily processable, Earth-abundant and cheap Fe–Ni alloys spontaneously develop a highly active NiFe oxo-hydroxide surface, exsolved upon electrochemical activation. While the manufacturing process and the initial surface state of the alloys do not impact the oxygen evolution reaction performance, the growth/composition of the NiFe oxo-hydroxide surface layer depends on the alloying elements and initial atomic Fe/Ni ratio, hence driving oxygen evolution reaction activity. Whatever the initial Fe/Ni ratio of the Fe–Ni alloy (varying between 0.004 and 7.4), the best oxygen evolution reaction performance (beyond that of commercial IrO2) and durability was obtained for a surface Fe/Ni ratio between 0.2 and 0.4 and includes numerous active sites (high NiIII/NiIIcapacitive response) and high efficiency (high Fe/Ni ratio). This knowledge paves the way to active and durable Fe–Ni alloy oxygen-evolving electrodes for alkaline water electrolysers.

With growing awareness of packaging waste and pollution, reusable packaging systems (RPSs) appear to be a solution to mitigate the environmental impact of single-use packaging. Nevertheless, RPSs only become less environmentally harmful than single-use after each packaging is reused a minimum number of times, which is defined as the environmental break-even point (e-BEP). A lack of knowledge regarding this critical threshold may lead consumers to be overly optimistic about their reuse behaviour, resulting in insufficient reuse. Communicating e-BEPs can motivate conscious reuse but may also have drawbacks. We used a mixed-method approach consisting of an experiment (N= 276) with four e-BEP conditions (absent, low, medium and high) followed by open-ended questions. The quantitative findings showed that regardless of the e-BEP level, consumers neglected the efforts it implied and consistently exhibited positive perceptions. Nevertheless, the qualitative findings revealed several misperceptions of e-BEPs due to limited understanding. In a subsequent post-test (N= 208), we uncovered the role of consumers’ prior experience with reusable packaging on their evaluations and behavioural intentions. Experienced consumers who have used reusable packaging seem to be more aware of specific challenges in reuse. They exhibited heightened green scepticism and reduced perceived consumer effectiveness in response to high (versus low) e-BEPs. Conversely, inexperienced consumers appeared unaffected by e-BEP conditions. Based on these results, we proposed the potential effect of e-BEPs on consumer evaluations and derived theoretical and practical implications to encourage sustained reuse behaviour in the long run.

In recent years, certain luminous extragalactic optical transients have been observed to last only a few days1. Their short observed duration implies a different powering mechanism from the most common luminous extragalactic transients (supernovae), whose timescale is weeks2. Some short-duration transients, most notably AT2018cow (ref. 3), show blue optical colours and bright radio and X-ray emission4. Several AT2018cow-like transients have shown hints of a long-lived embedded energy source5, such as X-ray variability6,7, prolonged ultraviolet emission8, a tentative X-ray quasiperiodic oscillation9,10and large energies coupled to fast (but subrelativistic) radio-emitting ejecta11,12. Here we report observations of minutes-duration optical flares in the aftermath of an AT2018cow-like transient, AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’). The flares occur over a period of months, are highly energetic and are probably nonthermal, implying that they arise from a near-relativistic outflow or jet. Our observations confirm that, in some AT2018cow-like transients, the embedded energy source is a compact object, either a magnetar or an accreting black hole.

Purpose:This study was undertaken to describe the Adolescents and Young Adults' (AYA-aged patients’) neuro-oncology care pathways at Grenoble Alpes University Hospital according to the French health recommendations.Methods:A retrospective monocentric observational study was conducted between 2020 and 2021, on patients 13–29 years of age, diagnosed from January 2013 to 2019 in our institute with a primary brain tumor, excluding meningiomas, schwannomas, and neurinomas. The detailed analysis took into account the type of care unit (adult or pediatric), whether or not a dedicated AYA support team was involved, and various pretherapeutic actions.Results:Sixty patients were included in this study. Three of the 9 key stages of the care process were completed regardless of the type of management. Management in a pediatric oncology department seems to improve multidisciplinary discussions and access to the AYA team. Collaboration with an AYA team seems to improve the recourse to pediatric advice and supportive care.Conclusions:Increased vigilance at all key steps as defined in the recommendations of the Directorate General of Healthcare Services would significantly improve the overall quality of care for this specific population. In the absence of a dedicated AYA hospitalization unit, interdisciplinary cooperation between the different professionals of the adult and pediatric services is essential, and the involvement of the AYA mobile team is a factor that favors links and exchanges and ultimately an overall improvement in patient care and life. We propose our vision of an ideal AYA neuro-oncology care pathway.

Pheochromocytoma/neuroblastoma composite tumors are rare entities for which little is known. We report an atypical case of a 39-year-old man with secondary bone locations of a composite tumor, 7 years after resection of adrenal neuroblastoma, with constitutional alteration of SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 whose role is unknown. The diagnosis of a peripheral neuroblastic tumor in adulthood is difficult and even more so when it is a composite tumor. In the absence of a standard of care, management is varied and discussions about treatment modalities for these patients are complex.

The circular economy can reduce the environmental footprint of today’s consumption and close the resource loop through circular material flows. Companies are encouraged to follow circular principles, such as using more recycled plastic materials. This initiative seems promising; however, it will only be successful if consumers are willing to adopt products that are made from recycled plastics. Consumers often have a positive image of products made from recycled plastics; however, they are also concerned about the perceived product risks. How can companies increase the appeal of recycled plastics to consumers? In this paper, we propose a set of seven guidelines intended to highlight the value of products made from recycled plastics, tackle any perceived risks, and thereby enhance consumer acceptance of such products. Specifically, we highlight how aspects related to product design, marketing elements and business models, can increase consumer evaluations and adoption of products made from recycled plastics. The proposed guidelines provide future directions that could be inspiring for both academics and managers interested in the topics of consumer behaviour, circular economy, and sustainability.

Purpose: This exploratory paper aims to examine attitudes and practices with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the effects of mandatory teleworking from home in the wake of the first state of emergency orders in Japan in 2020. Design/methodology/approach: An online survey of married employees retrospectively assessed changes in work style, subjective well-being, work–family conflict and job performance before and during forced teleworking from home in Tokyo and three of the surrounding prefectures. Findings: Regular employees reported high levels of anxiety and to have thoroughly implemented government-recommended hygiene and safety practices. A majority of respondents were satisfied with mandatory telework from home and desired to continue partial telework after the end of the pandemic. The strongest predictor of satisfaction with mandatory telework from home turned out to be adequate workspace at home for both men and women. However, the antecedents of the desire to continue working from home differed by gender. Practical implications: These findings can help individuals, firms and governments better understand the effects of mandatory teleworking from home and devise countermeasures to maximize employee well-being and job performance. This is all the more crucial, as Japan has had successive waves of the virus and has declared numerous states of emergency since the beginning of the pandemic, forcing office workers to continue social distancing and remote working for the time being. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is one of the first to provide insights on how imposed teleworking from home in the context of COVID-19 in Japan affected regular employees’ personal and professional lives and to identify predictors of satisfaction with teleworking and the desire to continue doing so.

This paper examines how telework frequency has affected the usage of major communication media, and subsequently knowledge sharing, among a large sample of full-time Japanese employees with no prior telework experience during the country's fourth COVID-19 state of emergency. Results suggest that mandatory telework resulted in lower use of face-to-face meetings and phone calls; in higher use of instant messaging and virtual meetings, and that it had no effect on e-mail use. Moreover, phone call, instant messaging, and virtual meeting frequencies were found to mediate the relationship between telework frequency and knowledge sharing. These findings highlight the importance of both existing and newer communication media in offsetting the loss of face-to-face meeting opportunities. Government-mandated telework may have accelerated the adoption of new communication tools such as instant messaging and virtual meeting, which had not yet gained full acceptance before the pandemic.

Site-selective trifluoromethylation of silyl dienol ethers derived from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, and amides was achieved for the first time in the remote γ position. This photoredox catalyzed process is quite general to compounds bearing many functionalities and is applicable to the late-stage functionalization of biorelevant molecules. The use of S-perfluoroalkyl sulfoximines as ·RFradical sources enables the generalization of the reaction to other perfluoroalkyl groups (RF= CF2H, C4F9). Importantly, an unprecedented enantioselective C(sp3)–H perfluoroalkylation process is disclosed.

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Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire est l’un des cancers les plus mortels. Les délais de prise en charge peuvent influencer la survie des patients. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les délais de prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique des patients admis dans le service de Pneumologie et d’Oncologie Thoracique du CHU de Caen Normandie.

The first light-driven method for the α-trifluoromethoxylation of ketones is reported. Enol carbonates react with N-trifluoromethoxy-4-cyano-pyridinium, using the photoredox catalyst 4-CzIPN under 456 nm irradiation, affording the α-trifluoromethoxy ketones in ≤50% isolated yield and complete chemoselectivity. As shown by 29 examples, the reaction is general and proceeds very rapidly under batch (1 h) and flow conditions (2 min). Diverse product manipulations demonstrate the synthetic potential of the disclosed method in accessing elusive trifluoromethoxylated bioactive ingredients.

Many products are disposed of before they have reached the end of their functional life. New technological developments and trends in fashion seem to accelerate consumers’ replacement of products. From an environmental perspective, such early replacement is undesirable. In this paper, we emphasize that product replacement is not only based on rational decision making. Emotional, functional, social, epistemic and conditional values can influence the value trade-offs that consumers make during the decision to either retain an owned product or replace it with a new one. Several strategies are discussed that can increase the owned product’s values and stimulate retention via product attachment, sustaining aesthetic value, stimulating product care and maintenance, and enabling upgradeability.

Lithium (Li) metal is the most promising negative electrode to be implemented in batteries for stationary and electric vehicle applications. For years, its use and subsequent industrialization were hampered because of the inhomogeneous Li+ion reduction upon recharge onto Li metal leading to dendrite growth. The use of solid polymer electrolyte is a solution to mitigate dendrite growth. Li reduction leads typically to dense Li deposits, but the Li stripping and plating process remain nonuniform with local current heterogeneities. A precise characterization of the behavior of these heterogeneities during cycling is then essential to move toward an optimized negative electrode. In this work, we have developed a characterization method based on X-ray tomography applied to model Li symmetric cells to quantify and spatially probe the Li stripping/plating processes. Ante- and post-mortem cells are recut in smaller cells to allow a 1 μm voxel size resolution in a conventional laboratory scanner. The reconstructed cell volume is postprocessed to numerically reflatten the Li electrodes, allowing us a subsequent precise measurement of the electrode and electrolyte thicknesses and revealing local interface modifications. This in-depth analysis brings information about the location of heterogeneities and their impact on the electrode microstructure at both the electrode grains and grain boundaries. We show that the plating process (reduction) induces more pronounced heterogeneities compared to the stripping (oxidation) one. The existence of crosstalking between the electrodes is also highlighted. In addition, this simple methodology permits to finely retrieve and then surface map the local current density at both electrodes based on the local thickness change during the redox process.

S-Trifluoromethyl sulfoximines and S-trifluoromethyl sulfilimino iminiums are important reagents for the electrophilic or radical late-stage introduction of the CF3group. We disclose in this article a reappraisal of our previous methodologies and their adaptation to a large scale. More than 30 g of the key sulfoximine 4and 40 g of S-trifluoromethyl sulfilimino iminium 5are prepared without purification. DSC measurements have been performed on both the crude mixtures and the isolated compounds in order to ensure a safe process. The costs of the syntheses are also detailed and discussed.

Objectifs : Évaluer la technologie MOSFET en comparaison avec la technologie des films radiochromiques pour déterminer la dose cutanée maximale reçue par le patient au niveau du cuir chevelu lors d’embolisations vasculaires intra crâniennes. Sensibiliser les opérateurs à l’importance de la dose reçue par les patients avec la visualisation en temps réel de cette valeur que permet la technologie MOSFET. Matériel et méthode : Six patients traités pour un anévrysme intracrânien ont fait l’objet de 24 mesures comparatives de dose par film radiochromique et avec la technologie MOSFET. Résultats : Les dosimètres MOSFET mesuraient la dose ponctuelle au cuir chevelu du patient en temps réel et avec un niveau de précision suffisant, compte tenu du besoin (dose inférieure de 9 % à celle lue par les films dans 54 % des cas et supérieure de 12 % dans 45 % des cas). Néanmoins, il s’agissait de valeurs localisées au point de mesure de chaque dosimètre MOSFET, alors que les films radiochromiques permettaient d’accéder à une cartographie dosimétrique prenant en compte les recoupes et chevauchements des champs d’exposition. Conclusion : La dosimétrie MOSFET, actuellement plus onéreuse, nous apparaissait donc plus indiquée pour des mesures de dose ciblées (e.g.cristallin) ou sur des champs de dose uniforme que pour une recherche systématique de la dose cutanée maximale lors d’embolisations vasculaires intracrâniennes, pour laquelle nous persisterons à utiliser les films radiochromiques.

We describe a citizen science asteroid detection system developed by the International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC) and the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii, utilizing data from the Pan-STARRS telescopes. The goals of this project are to (i) educate and engage citizen scientists (mostly high school students) in science and astronomy, (ii) search for new asteroids to extend the limiting magnitudes of existing asteroid surveys, and (iii) find missed Near-Earth Objects (NEOs—objects with perihelia q< 1.3 au) to support planetary defense efforts. Over the past 15 yr, 50,000 citizen scientists from 96 countries around the world have detected ∼12,000 main-belt asteroids and ∼5 NEOs. Citizen scientists use the software Astrometrica during scheduled campaigns to search for and measure asteroid astrometry and photometry, and submit the data to IASC for vetting. Candidate detections not already submitted by Pan-STARRS are then submitted to the Minor Planet Center, and are typically ∼0.30 ± 0.07 mag fainter.

One of the major challenges in managing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis remains consistent and reproducible assessment of response to treatment.

Fluoroalkyl amino reagents 1aand 2ahave been developed from commercially available trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether via a hydroamination reaction with diethylamine or dimethylamine. These reagents can be activated by treatment with a Lewis acid and subsequently used as a mono- or dielectrophile for the introduction of the fluoro(trifluoromethoxy)methyl group, either in Vilsmeier-type acylations of aromatic substrates or in the synthesis of fluorinated pyrazoles from CH-acidic substrates and of bis-fluorinated pyrazoles, all being important building blocks for medicinal and agricultural chemistry.

This paper introduces an open-source pixel-wise Digital Image Correlation tool written in Python and targeting graphics processing units(GPUs) with the help of Cupy and Rapids-cuCim libraries. It is capable of computing the kinematic fields that transform an image into another in an efficient and quick way and it allows to treat large images in the GPU. Even if GCPU_OpticalFlow can be easily used by communities concerned by the estimation of displacement, it is particularly tuned to estimate consistent strain (gradient) field. The detection of a crack in a material is presented in this work as a demonstration.

We report herein an efficient four-component photoredox-catalyzed reaction. Under the optimized conditions using [Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2] as the photocatalyst, a wide range of terminal and internal alkenes can efficiently undergo azidoalkoxy-trifluoromethylation in the presence of Umemoto’s reagent, carbonyl compound, and TMSN3, giving rise to original and highly complex molecules in a single operation.

Les décisions de limitation ou d’arrêt des traitements d’un patient hors d’état d’exprimer sa volonté font l’objet d’une procédure collégiale. En l’absence de personne de confiance, il faut recueillir le témoignage de la famille ou des proches mais le droit n’indique pas qui est la famille, ou les proches. L’objectif de notre étude était de caractériser les notions de « famille » et de « proche », et de rechercher s’il était possible d’établir un ordre entre les personnes dont les avis pourraient être pris en compte.

A general protocol for functionalization of glycosyl thiols has been reported. This protocol is based on a single-electron Ni/photoredox dual-catalyzed cross coupling between 1-thiosugars and a broad range of aryl bromides and iodides as well as alkenyl and alkynyl halides. This base-free method gives access to a series of functionalized thioglycosides in moderate to excellent yields with a perfect control of the anomeric configuration. Moreover, it has been shown that this methodology may be transposed successfully to the continuous-flow photoredox chemistry.

We report here the preparation of unprecedented analogues of 1,2-benzothiazine and benzoisothiazole incorporating the S-trifluoromethyl sulfoximine group in their core. Using a stable precursor to start, cyclization occurs via a catalytic controlled process. The choice of the catalyst is crucial for selectivity toward the five- or the six-membered ring. Interestingly, one of the benzothiazines can be converted on a gram scale into the trifluoromethylating Adachi reagent. We also disclose the first use of this reagent as a source of radical CF3under photoredox catalysis. DFT calculations were performed to clarify the cyclization mechanism.

Les acteurs de la maintenance nucléaire évoluent dans un contexte en mutation. Les entreprises partenaires d'EDF, exploitant des centrales françaises, proposent des pistes de solutions pour maintenir une filière industrielle nucléaire française forte.

The Great Pyramid, or Khufu’s Pyramid, was built on the Giza plateau in Egypt during the fourth dynasty by the pharaoh Khufu (Cheops), who reigned from 2509 bc to 2483 bc. Despite being one of the oldest and largest monuments on Earth, there is no consensus about how it was built. To understand its internal structure better, we imaged the pyramid using muons, which are by-products of cosmic rays that are only partially absorbed by stone. The resulting cosmic-ray muon radiography allows us to visualize the known and any unknown voids in the pyramid in a non-invasive way. Here we report the discovery of a large void (with a cross-section similar to that of the Grand Gallery and a minimum length of 30 metres) situated above the Grand Gallery. This constitutes the first major inner structure found in the Great Pyramid since the nineteenth century. The void, named ScanPyramids’ Big Void, was first observed with nuclear emulsion films installed in the Queen’s chamber, then confirmed with scintillator hodoscopes set up in the same chamber and finally re-confirmed with gas detectors outside the pyramid. This large void has therefore been detected with high confidence by three different muon detection technologies and three independent analyses. These results constitute a breakthrough for the understanding of the internal structure of Khufu’s Pyramid. Although there is currently no information about the intended purpose of this void, these findings show how modern particle physics can shed new light on the world’s archaeological heritage.

None of the approximately 750,000 known asteroids and comets in the Solar System is thought to have originated outside it, despite models of the formation of planetary systems suggesting that orbital migration of giant planets ejects a large fraction of the original planetesimals into interstellar space. The high predicted number density of icy interstellar objects (2.4 × 10−4per cubic astronomical unit) suggests that some should have been detected, yet hitherto none has been seen. Many decades of asteroid and comet characterization have yielded formation models that explain the mass distribution, chemical abundances and planetary configuration of the Solar System today, but there has been no way of telling whether the Solar System is typical of planetary systems. Here we report observations and analysis of the object 1I/2017 U1 (‘Oumuamua) that demonstrate its extrasolar trajectory, and that thus enable comparisons to be made between material from another planetary system and from our own. Our observations during the brief visit by the object to the inner Solar System reveal it to be asteroidal, with no hint of cometary activity despite an approach within 0.25 astronomical units of the Sun. Spectroscopic measurements show that the surface of the object is spectrally red, consistent with comets or organic-rich asteroids that reside within the Solar System. Light-curve observations indicate that the object has an extremely oblong shape, with a length about ten times its width, and a mean radius of about 102 metres assuming an albedo of 0.04. No known objects in the Solar System have such extreme dimensions. The presence of ‘Oumuamua in the Solar System suggests that previous estimates of the number density of interstellar objects, based on the assumption that all such objects were cometary, were pessimistically low. Planned upgrades to contemporary asteroid survey instruments and improved data processing techniques are likely to result in the detection of more interstellar objects in the coming years.

The PYthon module for the CAlibration of cameras by SOloff’s method (PYCASO) provides an open-source Python-based framework for stereoscopic reconstructions from pairs of 2D images. The determination of a matching function between image and physical coordinates is essential to accurately build 3D representations at any scales. Moreover, at the finest scales, this relationship is strongly non-linear, mainly due to optical distortions of the cameras (such as misalignment of the axis of the lens with that of the objective, refraction of optical windows etc.). Therefore, this paper proposes a general and accurate method based on the Soloff method through the PYCASO module. While the basic method is time-consuming, an acceleration of the procedure is proposed by relying on artificial intelligence (AI).

Suite au changement des programmes de physique au lycée, la commission enseignement de la Société Française de Physique (SFP) a mené en 2014 une enquête auprès des enseignants du supérieur. Malgré un comportement plus actif des étudiants, les collègues ont constaté des difficultés à résoudre des problèmes de physique. Ceci est dû à un manque de rigueur dans le raisonnement et au fait que nombre de concepts ne sont pas maîtrisés. L’absence de liens entre physique et mathématiques dans les programmes ne fait que renforcer ces tendances. Malgré un élargissement de leur culture scientifique, les connaissances des étudiants sont très cloisonnées et non consolidées.

Gravitational waves were discovered with the detection of binary black-hole mergers and they should also be detectable from lower-mass neutron-star mergers. These are predicted to eject material rich in heavy radioactive isotopes that can power an electromagnetic signal. This signal is luminous at optical and infrared wavelengths and is called a kilonova. The gravitational-wave source GW170817 arose from a binary neutron-star merger in the nearby Universe with a relatively well confined sky position and distance estimate. Here we report observations and physical modelling of a rapidly fading electromagnetic transient in the galaxy NGC 4993, which is spatially coincident with GW170817 and with a weak, short γ-ray burst. The transient has physical parameters that broadly match the theoretical predictions of blue kilonovae from neutron-star mergers. The emitted electromagnetic radiation can be explained with an ejected mass of 0.04 ± 0.01 solar masses, with an opacity of less than 0.5 square centimetres per gram, at a velocity of 0.2 ± 0.1 times light speed. The power source is constrained to have a power-law slope of −1.2 ± 0.3, consistent with radioactive powering from r-process nuclides. (The r-process is a series of neutron capture reactions that synthesise many of the elements heavier than iron.) We identify line features in the spectra that are consistent with light r-process elements (atomic masses of 90–140). As it fades, the transient rapidly becomes red, and a higher-opacity, lanthanide-rich ejecta component may contribute to the emission. This indicates that neutron-star mergers produce gravitational waves and radioactively powered kilonovae, and are a nucleosynthetic source of the r-process elements.

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the effect of subjective well-being, often referred to as happiness, on the relationship between organizational virtuousness and job performance among Japanese employees. The concept of happiness has been receiving more attention over the past decade as research suggests that it may be a source of greater performance. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses a questionnaire survey and conditional process analysis among Japanese managers and front-line workers within Japanese firms in Japan. Findings: This paper found that positive subjective well-being partially mediates the relationship between general organizational virtuousness and self-management-related job performance, while it acts as a moderator in the relationship between general organizational virtuousness and leadership-related job performance. Practical implications: These findings indicate that in the Japanese context, the firm’s investment in organizational virtuousness will increase one part of job performance, but that investment may not be sufficient in itself to positively affect leadership competency, unless it also pays attention to its employees’ positive subjective well-being. Originality/value: Based on this growing realization of the importance of subjective well-being, or happiness, and the lack of academic research in Japan on its impact on organization, this paper investigates its effect on employees’ ability to manage their own tasks and lead others.

This paper presents a surface and subsurface geochemical survey of the Buracica EOR-CO2field onshore Brazil. We adopted a methodology coupling the stable isotopes of carbon with noble gases to investigate the adequacy of geochemical monitoring to track deep fluid leakage at the surface. Three campaigns of CO2flux and concentration in soils were performed to understand the CO2variability across the field. The distribution of the CO2soil contents between 0.8 and 14% is in great part controlled by the properties of the soil, with a first-order topographic dependency. These results, together with a δ13CCO2between –15 and –23‰, suggest that the bulk of the soil CO2flux is biological. The gas injected and produced at numerous wells across the field showed a great spatial and somewhat temporal heterogeneity with respect to molecular, δ13CCO2and noble gas compositions. This heterogeneity is a consequence of the EOR-induced sweeping of the petroleum fluids by the injected CO2, producing a heterogeneous mixing controlled by the production scheme and the distribution in reservoir permeability. In light of the δ13CCO2found in the reservoir, the stable isotopic composition of carbon was insufficient to track CO2leaks at the surface. We demonstrate how noble gases may be powerful leak discriminators, even for CO2abundances in soils in the bottom range of the biological baseline (~1%). The results presented in this study show the potential of geochemical monitoring techniques, involving stable isotopes and noble gases at the reservoir and soil levels, for tracing CO2in CCS projects.

Recent studies of the substellar population in the Taurus cloud have revealed a deficit of brown dwarfs compared to the Trapezium cluster population. However, these works have concentrated on the highest stellar density regions of the Taurus cloud. We have performed a large scale optical survey of this region, covering a total area of $\simeq$$28\,{\rm deg}^2$, and encompassing the densest parts of the cloud as well as their surroundings, down to a mass detection limit of 15 MJ. We present the optical spectroscopic follow-up observations of 97 photometrically selected potential new low-mass Taurus members, of which 27 are strong late-M spectral type (${\rm SpT} \ge {\rm M4V}$) candidates. Our spectroscopic survey is 87% complete down to $i^\prime=20$for spectral types later than M4V, which corresponds to a mass completeness limit of 30 MJfor ages ≤10 Myr and ${\rm A}v \le 4$. We derive spectral types, visual absorption and luminosity class estimates and discuss our criteria to assess Taurus membership. These observations reveal 5 new VLM Taurus members and 12 new BDs. Two of the new VLM sources and four of the new substellar members exhibit accretion/outflow signatures similar to higher mass classical T Tauri stars. From levels of $\rm H\alpha$emission we derive a fraction of accreting sources of 42% in the substellar Taurus population. Combining our observations with previously published results, we derive an updated substellar to stellar ratio in Taurus of $\mathcal{R}_{\rm ss}=0.23 \pm 0.05$. This ratio now appears consistent with the value previously derived in the Trapezium cluster under similar assumptions of $0.26 \pm 0.04$. We find indications that the relative numbers of BDs with respect to stars is decreased by a factor 2 in the central regions of the aggregates with respect to the more distributed population. Our findings are best explained in the context of the embryo-ejection modelwhere brown dwarfs originate from dynamical interactions in small N unstable multiple systems.

Understanding the fate of CO2disposed in aquifers or depleted hydrocarbon fields is partly based on the use of reaction-transport models, able to predict the possible interaction between acidified waters and the minerals. The results delivered by such models depend on many parameters and hypotheses, of which some are still poorly constrained. A key issue is how to transpose kinetics of a mineral reaction to a representative rock system, from data acquired in laboratory experiments involving controlled mineral powders under high water-tomineral ratio. The paper focuses on the simulation of plug-flow experiments designed to improve the upscaling of kinetic rates. The experiments were performed on a natural limestone made of pure calcite (Noiriel et al., this issue), in conditions of temperature, pressure, pCO2and water composition for which a kinetic rate of dissolution is available for calcite (Plummer et al., 1978, the so-called PWP model). A reactiontransport code is used to simulate the experiment and then to investigate the transposition of the kinetic rate from the mineral to the rock material. However, the comparison between experimental and modelling results cannot help to understand what is the main control on the dissolution rate of limestone in the conditions studied, either the surface reaction or a transport mechanism in the water phase. In the first case, a value of the reactive surface area must be adjusted. In the second case, the fitting parameter is the average thickness of a diffusive layer, which depends on pH.

We report the discovery of a galaxy at a redshift $z = 6.17$identified from deep narrow band imaging and spectroscopic follow-up in one of the CFHT-VIRMOS deep survey fields at 0226-04. In addition to the existing deep BVRIimages of this field, we obtained a very deep narrow band image at 920 nm with the aim of detecting Lyαemission at redshift ~6.5. Spectroscopic follow-up of some of the candidates selected on the basis of their excess flux in the NB920 filter was performed at the VLT-UT4 with the FORS2 instrument. For one object a strong and asymmetric emission line associated with a strong break in continuum emission is identified as Lyαat $z = 6.17$. This galaxy was selected from its continuum emission in the 920 nm filter and not from its Lyαemission, in effect performing a Lyman Break detection at $z = 6.17$. We estimate a star formation rate of several tens of $M_\odot$yr-1for this object, with a velocity dispersion ~400 km s-1. The spectroscopic follow-up of other high zgalaxy candidates is on-going.

Alors que la dyspnée est un symptôme très prévalent au décours de l’infection au SARS-Cov2, les conséquences sur la fonction respiratoire de cette infection sont aujourd’hui mal connues. Cette étude prospective monocentrique vise à caractériser les séquelles fonctionnelles, vasculaires et parenchymateuses à 6–9 mois d’une infection au SARS Cov2.

We propose the first association of an optical counterpart with a luminous supersoft X-ray source in M31, RX J0044.0+4118, observed with ROSATin July 1991. The PSPCposition is at 1.6´´ angular distance from a candidate nova in outburst in September of 1990. This is interesting because the incidence of classical novae among supersoft X-ray sources is an open question. The proposed optical counterpart was measured at $R \simeq 17.7$in September of 1990, and it had faded to $R> 19.2$when it was observed again after 70 days. The light curve was too sparsely monitored for definite conclusions on the speed class of the nova. No other variable objects with $V<23.5$were found in the ROSATspatial error box. We evaluate that the probability that a classical or recurrent nova was in outburst in the ROSATerror box in the few years preceding the observation is very small, so the proposed identification is meaningful. We also show evidence that the associated supersoft X-ray source turned off in the third year after the outburst.

Face à la diminution du nombre de dermatologues, le développement de la télédermatologie peut faciliter la communication entre médecins généralistes (MG) et hôpital, et réduire certains délais de prise en charge grâce à un tri efficace des patients. Cependant, peu de données sont disponibles en France sur les performances diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de tels outils, et sur les opinions des MG ayant participé à ce type de projet.

This paper reports the results of the analysis of the second ROSAT PSPC survey of M 31 performed in summer 1992. We compare our results with those of the first survey, already published in Supper et al.([CITE]). Within the ~$10.7 { deg}^2$field of view, 396 individual X-ray sources are detected in the second survey data, of which 164 are new detections. When combined with the first survey, this result in a total of 560 X-ray sources in the field of M 31. Their (0.1 keV-2.0 keV) fluxes range from $7\times 10^{-15} {erg cm}^{-2} { s}^{-1}$to $7.6\times 10^{-12} {erg cm}^{-2} {s}^{-1}$, and of these 560 sources, 55 are tentatively identified with foreground stars, 33 with globular clusters, 16 with supernova remnants, and 10 with radio sources and galaxies (including M 32). A comparison with the results of the EinsteinM 31 survey reveals 491 newly detected sources, 11 long term variable sources, and 7 possible transient sources. Comparing the two ROSAT surveys, we come up with 34 long term variable sources and 8 transient candidates. For the M 31 sources, the observed luminosities range from $4\times 10^{35} { erg s}^{-1}$to $4\times 10^{38} { erg s}^{-1}$. The total (0.1 keV-2.0 keV) luminosity of M 31 is $(3.4\pm0.3)\times 10^{39} {erg s}^{-1}$, distributed approximately equally between the bulge and disk. Within the bulge region, the luminosity of a possible diffuse component combined with faint sources below the detection threshold is $(2.0\pm0.5)\times 10^{38} { erg s}^{-1}$. An explanation in terms of hot gaseous emission leads to a maximum total gas mass of $(1.0\pm0.3)\times 10^6 M_{\odot}$.

Les infections urinaires aiguës (IUA) sont très fréquentes, incluant des infections variées : cystite aiguë simple, pyélonéphrite aiguë, prostatite ou abcès rénal ; elles nécessitent parfois une hospitalisation qui peut avoir lieu en urologie, gynécologie, maladies infectieuses ou réanimation. L’incidence des IUA hospitalisées n’est pas connue. L’objectif était d’évaluer la performance d’un algorithme de détection d’IUA hospitalisées à partir des bases médico-administratives du PMSI et estimer leur incidence en France.

It is well known that on the brake pad material, the triptych microstructure-properties-solicitations is the key to better understand the phenomena caused by braking stress. The challenging issues are the evolution of this triptych, i.e., the impact of thermal stress and mechanical stress on the microstructure which undoubtedly induces changes in properties. In order to solve the issues without tackling them in all their complexity, this study proposes an experimental approach where physics is decoupled but inspired by the braking sequence in terms of applied temperature gradient and braking loads. Two experimental tests were carried out. The first one is the thermal solicitation test where a temperature gradient from 400 °C to 540 °C was applied to the material. The second one is the thermomechanical test where a compressive load at 20 MPa was applied under the same thermal gradient. The experiment time is fixed for 2 min, equivalent to the time of one braking stroke. The referred material is sintered metallic composite, which is widely used as the brake pad material for high energy railway. As a result, it shows that coupled thermomechanical stress has a greater impact on material properties than decoupled one. This impact is related to the microstructure where graphite inclusions play an important role.

La tuberculose ultra-résistante reste rare en France. Sa prise en charge thérapeutique est difficile, les échecs fréquents. La chirurgie, considérée comme l’une des options thérapeutiques, est peu utilisée du fait d’une morbi-mortalité importante. Nous rapportons le cas d’une tuberculose ultra-résistante traitée avec succès (absence de récidive à 5ans) grâce à un traitement médical de 21 mois, suivi d’une collapsothérapie chirurgicale réalisée en raison de la persistance d’une volumineuse caverne. La place de la chirurgie dans la prise en charge de ces tuberculoses ultra-résistantes est discutée.

In today's competitive business environment, it has become increasingly important to reduce manufacturing and raw materials cost. For this purpose, an innovative process of design and manufacturing railway axles is developed. It is based on forging hollow axles which allows a significant reduction in steel consumption. In this work, we tried to analyze how these modifications induced by this new process and design impact the service behavior and particularly the durability face to cyclic loadings that can lead to fatigue failure. In the present study, a numerical chain has been developed going from the simulation of the manufacturing process up to the analysis in fatigue. In the first step, the forging process is modeled in order to predict the residual stress field and the initial plastic strain. From this initial condition, the assembly operation of the wheel on the axle is simulated before the redistribution of stresses and strains under cyclic load. The final objective is to obtain the cyclic loadingpaths, in order to provide the data needed for the analysis of fatigue.

Reflection is an essential component of teacher-development programs, and reliable, valid methods to teach, assess, and evaluate reflection are critical. However, it is important that appropriate methods are created for and evaluated across multiple disciplinary backgrounds, as the participants' backgrounds are a major factor in the development of critical reflection. The patchwork-text approach is a narrative process that is predominantly focused on the personal development of the individual. The current study used the patchwork-text approach for the development of reflection in participants with a science background who had not used a reflective approach for personal development before. Twenty summative essays and 103 formative essays from 21 participants who underwent a 1-year higher-education teacher-development program were analyzed to assess whether the quality and quantity of reflective writing was enhanced through a regular, iterative process of reflective writing with feedback. The analysis of the essays involved the use of a predefined set of criteria for identifying the different reflective levels from 1 to 4 and the calculation of a reflective score to evaluate the overall development. The results show a clear improvement of higher-level critical thinking as the participants progressed through their course. Higher levels of reflection were achieved particularly where a unit focused on a familiar area for the participant as opposed to one in which the participant had less experience. The analysis provides evidence that the patchwork text is a useful method for development and evaluation of reflection in participants with a veterinary/animal-science base.