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In lung transplantation, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) diagnosed using the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria is uncommon compared with other organs, and previous studies failed to find molecular AMR (ABMR) in lung biopsies. However, understanding of ABMR has changed with the recognition that ABMR in kidney transplants is often donor-specific antibody (DSA)-negative and associated with natural killer (NK) cell transcripts. We therefore searched for a similar molecular ABMR-like state in transbronchial biopsies using gene expression microarray results from the INTERLUNG study (#NCT02812290). After optimizing rejection-selective transcript sets in a training set (N = 488), the resulting algorithms separated an NK cell-enriched molecular rejection-like state (NKRL) from T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR)/Mixed in a test set (N = 488). Applying this approach to all 896 transbronchial biopsies distinguished 3 groups: no rejection, TCMR/Mixed, and NKRL. Like TCMR/Mixed, NKRL had increased expression of all-rejection transcripts, but NKRL had increased expression of NK cell transcripts, whereas TCMR/Mixed had increased effector T cell and activated macrophage transcripts. NKRL was usually DSA-negative and not recognized as AMR clinically. TCMR/Mixed was associated with chronic lung allograft dysfunction, reduced one-second forced expiratory volume at the time of biopsy, and short-term graft failure, but NKRL was not. Thus, some lung transplants manifest a molecular state similar to DSA-negative ABMR in kidney and heart transplants, but its clinical significance must be established.

Most kidney transplant patients who undergo biopsies are classified as having no rejection based on consensus thresholds. However, we hypothesized that because these patients have normal adaptive immune systems, T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) may exist as subthreshold activity in some transplants currently classified as no rejection. To examine this question, we studied genome-wide microarray results from 5086 kidney transplant biopsies (from 4170 patients). An updated molecular archetypal analysis designated 56% of biopsies as no rejection. Subthreshold molecular TCMR and/or ABMR activity molecular activity was detectable as elevated classifier scores in many biopsies classified as no rejection, with ABMR activity in many TCMR biopsies and TCMR activity in many ABMR biopsies. In biopsies classified as no rejection histologically and molecularly, molecular TCMR classifier scores correlated with increases in histologic TCMR features and molecular injury, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher risk of graft loss, and molecular ABMR activity correlated with increased glomerulitis and donor-specific antibody. No rejection biopsies with high subthreshold TCMR or ABMR activity had a higher probability of having TCMR or ABMR, respectively, diagnosed in a future biopsy. We conclude that many kidney transplant recipients have unrecognized subthreshold TCMR or ABMR activity, with significant implications for future problems.

We previously reported a system for assessing rejection in kidney transplant biopsies using microarray-based gene expression data, the Molecular Microscope® Diagnostic System (MMDx). The present study was designed to optimize the accuracy and stability of MMDx diagnoses by replacing single machine learning classifiers with ensembles of diverse classifier methods. We also examined the use of automated report sign-outs and the agreement between multiple human interpreters of the molecular results. Ensembles generated diagnoses that were both more accurate than the best individual classifiers, and nearly as stable as the best, consistent with expectations from the machine learning literature. Human experts had ≈93% agreement (balanced accuracy) signing out the reports, and random forest-based automated sign-outs showed similar levels of agreement with the human experts (92% and 94% for predicting the expert MMDx sign-outs for T cell–mediated (TCMR) and antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR), respectively). In most cases disagreements, whether between experts or between experts and automated sign-outs, were in biopsies near diagnostic thresholds. Considerable disagreement with histology persisted. The balanced accuracies of MMDx sign-outs for histology diagnoses of TCMR and ABMR were 73% and 78%, respectively. Disagreement with histology is largely due to the known noise in histology assessments (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01299168).

We previously reported a system for assessing rejection in kidney transplant biopsies using microarray‐based gene expression data, the Molecular Microscope®Diagnostic System (MMDx). The present study was designed to optimize the accuracy and stability of MMDx diagnoses by replacing single machine learning classifiers with ensembles of diverse classifier methods. We also examined the use of automated report sign‐outs and the agreement between multiple human interpreters of the molecular results. Ensembles generated diagnoses that were both more accurate than the best individual classifiers, and nearly as stable as the best, consistent with expectations from the machine learning literature. Human experts had ≈93% agreement (balanced accuracy) signing out the reports, and random forest‐based automated sign‐outs showed similar levels of agreement with the human experts (92% and 94% for predicting the expert MMDx sign‐outs for T cell–mediated (TCMR) and antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR), respectively). In most cases disagreements, whether between experts or between experts and automated sign‐outs, were in biopsies near diagnostic thresholds. Considerable disagreement with histology persisted. The balanced accuracies of MMDx sign‐outs for histology diagnoses of TCMRand ABMRwere 73% and 78%, respectively. Disagreement with histology is largely due to the known noise in histology assessments (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01299168). The authors find that using ensembles of machine learning classifiers rather than single classifiers, gene sets, or single genes optimizes the precision and accuracy of molecular kidney transplant biopsy interpretation, but many discrepancies with histology persist, largely because of the irreducible noise in histology.

In kidney transplant biopsies, inflammation in areas of atrophy-fibrosis (i-IFTA) is associated with increased risk of failure, presumably because inflammation is evoked by recent parenchymal injury from rejection or other insults, but some cases also have rejection. The present study explored the frequency of rejection in i-IFTA, by using histology Banff 2015 and a microarray-based molecular diagnostic system (MMDx). In unselected indication biopsies (108 i-IFTA, 73 uninflamed IFTA [i0-IFTA], and 53 no IFTA), i-IFTA biopsies occurred later, showed more scarring, and had more antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) based on histology (28%) and MMDx (45%). T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) was infrequent in i-IFTA based on histology (8%) and MMDx (16%). Twelve i-IFTA biopsies (11%) had molecular TCMR not diagnosed by histology, although 6 were called borderline and almost all had histologic TCMR lesions. The prominent feature of i-IFTA biopsies was molecular injury (eg, acute kidney injury [AKI] transcripts). In multivariate analysis of biopsies >1 year posttransplant, the strongest associations with graft loss were AKI transcripts and histologic atrophy-scarring; i-IFTA was not significant when molecular AKI was included. We conclude that i-IFTA in indication biopsies reflects recent/ongoing parenchymal injury, often with concomitant ABMR but few with TCMR. Thus, the application of Banff i-IFTA in the population of late biopsies needs to be reconsidered.

In kidney transplant biopsies, inflammation in areas of atrophy‐fibrosis (i‐IFTA) is associated with increased risk of failure, presumably because inflammation is evoked by recent parenchymal injury from rejection or other insults, but some cases also have rejection. The present study explored the frequency of rejection in i‐IFTA, by using histology Banff 2015 and a microarray‐based molecular diagnostic system (MMDx). In unselected indication biopsies (108 i‐IFTA, 73 uninflamed IFTA[i0‐IFTA], and 53 no IFTA), i‐IFTAbiopsies occurred later, showed more scarring, and had more antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) based on histology (28%) and MMDx (45%). T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) was infrequent in i‐IFTAbased on histology (8%) and MMDx (16%). Twelve i‐IFTAbiopsies (11%) had molecular TCMRnot diagnosed by histology, although 6 were called borderline and almost all had histologic TCMRlesions. The prominent feature of i‐IFTAbiopsies was molecular injury (eg, acute kidney injury [AKI]transcripts). In multivariate analysis of biopsies >1 year posttransplant, the strongest associations with graft loss were AKItranscripts and histologic atrophy‐scarring; i‐IFTAwas not significant when molecular AKIwas included. We conclude that i‐IFTAin indication biopsies reflects recent/ongoing parenchymal injury, often with concomitant ABMRbut few with TCMR. Thus, the application of Banff i‐IFTAin the population of late biopsies needs to be reconsidered. Molecular analysis of indication kidney transplant biopsies with inflammation in areas of scarring (i‐IFTA) reveals extensive recent or ongoing parenchymal injury, often with concomitant antibody‐mediated rejection, but usually without T cell– mediated rejection, suggesting Banff 2017 terminology classifying such biopsies as chronic active TCMR should be revisited.

Lewis acids and Lewis adducts are widely used in the chemical industry because of their high catalytic activity. Their precise geometrical description and understanding of their electronic structure are a crucial step for targeted synthesis and specific use. Herein, we present an experimental/computational strategy based on a solid-state NMR crystallographic approach allowing for detailed structural characterization of a wide range of organoaluminum compounds considerably differing in their chemical constitution. In particular, we focus on the precise measurement and subsequent quantum-chemical analysis of many different 27Al NMR resonances in the extremely broad range of quadrupolar coupling constants from 1 to 50 MHz. In this regard, we have optimized an experimental strategy combining a range of static as well as magic angle spinning experiments allowing reliable detection of the entire set of aluminum sites present in trimesitylaluminum (AlMes3) reaction products. In this way, we have spectroscopically resolved six different products in the resulting polycrystalline mixture. All 27Al NMR resonances are precisely recorded and comprehensively analyzed by a quantum-chemical approach. Interestingly, in some cases the recorded 27Al solid-state NMR spectra show unexpected quadrupolar coupling constant values reaching up to ca. 30 MHz, which are attributed to tetra-coordinated aluminum species (Lewis adducts with trigonal pyramidal geometry). The cause of this unusual behavior is explored by analyzing the natural bond orbitals and complexation energies. The linear correlation between the quadrupolar coupling constant value and the nature of bonds in the Lewis adducts is revealed. Moreover, the 27Al NMR data are shown to be sensitive to the geometry of the tetra-coordinated organoaluminum species. Our findings thus provide a viable approach for the direct identification of Lewis acids and Lewis adducts, not only in the investigated multicomponent organoaluminum compounds but also in inorganic zeolites featuring catalytically active trigonal (AlIII) and strongly perturbed AlIVsites.

ABSTRACTContributions of voltage sensing S4 segments in domains I – IV of CaV3.1 channel to channel activation were analyzed. Neutralization of the uppermost charge in individual S4 segments by exchange of arginine for cysteine was employed. Mutant channels with single exchange in domains I – IV, in two adjacent domains, and in all four domains were constructed and expressed in HEK 293 cells. Changes in maximal gating charge Qmaxand the relation between Qmaxand maximal conductance Gmaxwere evaluated. Qmaxwas the most affected by single mutation in domain I and by double mutations in domains I + II and I + IV. The ratio Gmax/Qmaxproportional to opening probability of the channel was significantly decreased by the mutation in domain III and increased by mutations in domains I and II. In channels containing double mutations Gmax/Qmaxratio increased significantly when the mutation in domain I was included. Mutations in domains II and III zeroed each other. Mutation in domain IV prevented the decrease caused by the mutation in domain III. Neither ion current nor gating current was observed when channels with quadruple mutations were expressed. Immunocytochemistry analysis did not reveal the presence of channel protein in the cell membrane. Likely, quadruple mutation results in a structural change that affects the channel’s trafficking mechanism. Altogether, S4 segments in domains I-IV of the CaV3.1 channel unequally contribute to channel gating by voltage. We suggest the most important role of the voltage sensor in the domain I and lesser roles of voltage sensors in domains II and III.

Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors.

Currently, we are witnessing the significant impact of industrial activity on the environment. A recent study shows that construction is the third largest industry sector in terms of environmental pollution. One option to reduce these negative effects is environmental assessment of buildings, as well as the used building materials. One of the most comprehensive environmental assessment methods is LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), which includes the assessment of impacts within mode ”Cradle-to-gate” which is focused on assessment of a partial product life cycle from resource extraction (cradle) to the factory gate (i.e., before it is transported to the consumer). The aim of this paper is a comparison of the environmental impact of selected material variants applied within modern methods of construction. The comparison will be processed through the results of the case study containing three material variants of family houses construction in term of three selected parameters - embodied energy, global warming potential and acidification potential.

The effect of 1 MeV Au+ion irradiations on the layer stability of the Fe3O4-based films grown epitaxially on MgO(001) substrates was investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and RBS-Channelling (RBS-C). The ion mixing effect leads to an appearance of the additional FeOxlayer and a large enlargement of the thickness of the mixed (Fe,Mg,O) layer in the interfaces. Au+ions were found to be implanted deeply in the MgO substrate. RBS-C experiments have confirmed that the heavy metallic ion irradiations induce a disorder in the crystalline lattice.

Plants protect themselves from pathogen invasion through the local expression of a variety of pathogenesisrelated proteins. They are highly diverse in both primary structure and length, and exhibit different direct antimicrobial activity. This text reviews the knowledge of osmotin, antimicrobial protein involved in innate immunity of plants. Osmotin belongs to the fifth class of the group of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and has been found in different plants species, in every case osmotin is cysteine-rich protein involved in plant defense responses to several pathogens and abiotic stresses. The phylogenetic tree of amino acids compositions of osmotins from different plant species is presented and the basic similarities of clusters are discussed in this review. Osmotin gene is activated by different biotic as well as abiotic signals and has many functions. The review summarizes biochemical and structural properties, induction, functions and structural homology between osmotin and other proteins. Recent data about recombinant production in bacterial and plant cells are examined. The article indicates possible ways of osmotin application in research in the field of functional biology, medicine and agriculture.

Potentially biodegradable graft polymer core‐shell nanoparticles assembling by addition of metal ions intended to be used for radionuclide and drug delivery purposes are described. With Cu2+ions, the self‐assembly is slow (within minutes) with low efficiency. With Fe3+ions the nanoparticles are formed immediately and are of convenient size for passive tumor accumulation by the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Full in vitro degradation of these particles is achieved with deferoxamine as a model of in vivo transchelation capacity.

Abstract: This paper reports on the results of the calculation of the depth distribution profiles of the concentration of the impurity implanted into an anisotropic crystalline material. The sputtering of the irradiated material, fast one-dimensional diffusion of the impurity along structural channels, and accumulation of the implanted impurity at different depths have been taken into account. The results of the calculations have been compared with the experimental distribution profiles of cobalt ions implanted into the crystal structure of rutile TiO2 along and across structural channels at different temperatures of the irradiated substrate. A comparison of the model and experimental profiles has made it possible to evaluate the precipitation rate of cobalt in the TiO2 matrix on different precipitation centers. A model has been proposed for explaining the unusual shift in the peak of the concentration distribution of implanted ions deep into the sample with an increase in the temperature of the irradiated substrate. The model has allowed one to separate the contributions from different phases of the impurity (nanoparticles and solid solution) to the magnetism of the Co: TiO2 system.

The aim of this work was to construct transgenic plants with increased capabilities to degrade organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls. The environmentally important gene of bacterial dioxygenase, the bphC gene, was chosen to clone into a plant of Nicotiana tabacum. The chosen bphC gene encodes 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase, which cleaves the aromatic ring of dihydroxybiphenyl, and we cloned it in fusion with the gene for b-glucuronidase (GUS), luciferase (LUC) or with a histidine tail. Several genetic constructs were designed and prepared and the possible expression of desired proteins in tobacco plants was studied by transient expression. We used genetic constructs successfully expressing dioxygenase's genes we used for preparation of transgenic tobacco plants by agrobacterial infection. The presence of transgenic DNA, mRNA and protein was determined in parental and the first filial generation of transgenic plants with the bphC gene. Properties of prepared transgenic plants will be further studied.

We describe preparation and properties of GdScO3 thin films. The films were prepared by liquid injection metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD at 600 oC on (100) Si substrate. The as-deposited films were amorphous with a smooth surface and sharp GdScO3/Si interface. X-ray diffraction showed that the amorphous phase is well preserved upon rapid thermal annealing up to 1000 oC. However, modification of the X-ray reflectivity pattern after annealing at 1000 oC indicates increasing of the film thickness, presumably due to diffusion of silicon from the substrate into the whole volume of the film. Capacitance-voltage measurement resulted in dielectric constant of 22. It is shown, that exact stoichiometry of GdScO3 is not necessary to achieve dielectric constant above 20.

Background: Carboxypeptidase N (CPN) is a constitutively active basic carboxypeptidase sharing specificity with activated thrombin‐activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa). Generally, CPN is regarded as being non‐antifibrinolytic. However, this assumption has not been thoroughly investigated, particularly with respect to long‐term antifibrinolysis. In addition, a recent report has shown that plasmin cleavage increases the catalytic activity of CPN. Therefore, we investigated the antifibrinolytic properties of CPN and plasmin‐cleaved CPN (CPNc). Methods: CPN was incubated with plasmin for various periods of time and the prolongation of clot lysis at various concentrations of CPN/CPNc mixture was investigated in TAFI‐depleted plasma. CPN cleavage was analyzed by electrophoresis and catalytic activity was determined by monitoring cleavage of the small substrate, FA‐Ala‐Lys. Results: CPN exhibited antifibrinolytic properties in plasma clot lysis assays when present at supraphysiological concentrations. Depletion of CPN from plasma decreased the lysis time of clots formed from minimally diluted plasma at low tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) concentrations. Plasmin cleavage of CPN markedly increased the antifibrinolytic properties. CPN and CPNc prolonged lysis in a non‐saturable, dose‐dependent, and t‐PA‐dependent manner. At sufficient concentration, CPN and CPNc prolonged lysis at least forty‐fivefold. CPNc was 700% more antifibrinolytic than CPN but only 7% more active toward FA‐Ala‐Lys. The active site inhibitor GEMSA eliminated the antifibrinolytic effects of CPN and CPNc. Antifibrinolytic activity correlated with cleavage of active and/or regulatory subunits, presumably generating heterodimeric CPNc. Conclusions: Limited proteolysis of CPN by plasmin generates an enzyme with greatly increased antifibrinolytic properties. We speculate that (patho)physiological proteolysis of CPN may generate a long‐term antifibrinolytic enzyme.

5-Hydroxypiperidin-2-one is a versatile building block for the preparation of potentially biologically active compounds. We detail an enantioselective biocatalytic approach towards its synthesis using (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL)-mediated cyanohydrin formation, followed by hydrogenation. By adjusting the conditions of the latter step, we were able to obtain 5-hydroxypiperidinone-derived (bicyclic) N,N-acetals via an unprecedented reductive amination of the nitrile group, as well as form N-alkylated 5-hydroxypiperidinone in a single step from the same cyanohydrin intermediate.

5-Hydroxypiperidin-2-one is a versatile building block for the preparation of potentially biologically active compounds. We detail an enantioselective biocatalytic approach towards its synthesis using (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL)-mediated cyanohydrin formation, followed by hydrogenation. By adjusting the conditions of the latter step, we were able to obtain 5-hydroxypiperidinone-derived (bicyclic) N,N-acetals via an unprecedented reductive amination of the nitrile group, as well as form N-alkylated 5-hydroxypiperidinone in a single step from the same cyanohydrin intermediate.

This paper discusses highloft perpendicular-laid nonwovens made with cotton, poly ester, and bicomponent bonding fibers rather than the usual synthetic fibers. Compres sional resistance and subsequent recovery properties (when the deforming forces are removed) of perpendicular-laid highlofts are compared to those made by conventional cross-laid technology. A simple thickness measurement instrument is used as a highloft compressibility gauge. The perpendicular-laid fabrics show higher compressional resis tance and their recovery properties are superior to those of cross-laid fabrics. Low cotton-content highlofts containing up to 20% cotton have a compressional behavior and dimensional stability similar to 100% synthetic fiber fabrics. These low cotton-content highlofts are economical to produce and have improved biodegradability.

Transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls was studied using different strains of in vitro cultured cells of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.). Time and concentration dependence of this process and production of intracellular and extracellular peroxidases were measured with differentiated shooty teratoma culture K54. The yield of PCB transformation and the viability of the cells were highly dependent on PCB concentration. 100 ppm PCB totally inhibited growth of the cells, and reduced their metabolism of xenobiotics. Experiments with a peroxidase (POX) inhibitor, propylgallate, and a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, aminobenztriazole, indicated the involvement of both enzymatic systems in PCB metabolism.

Different α-alkoxy and α,β-di-alkoxy substituted aldehydes have been submitted to the catalytic action of the oxynitrilases from almond (PaHNL) or from Hevea brasiliensis(HbHNL), in order to explore the possibility of using these enzymes for the preparation of complex cyanohydrins. The selectivity of both enzymes towards these compounds was found to be largely dependent on the substitutents, being low with the aldehydes carrying the sterically more demanding phenyl substituent. Contrary to the chemical addition of HCN, which always occurs with a slight preference for the formation of the antidiastereoisomers, the enzymatic cyanuration—occurring with a facial preference, Sior Reaccording to the biocatalyst used—gave a mixture of cyanohydrins that, depending on the starting enantiomeric aldehyde, can be enriched in the syndiastereoisomers.

The behavior of different exogenous enzymes (soybean lipoxygenase [SLOX], horseradish peroxidase [HPOD], catalase from bovine liver [BCAT], and glucose oxidase [GOX] from Aspergillus niger) added to dough was studied during mixing. The effect of adding these exogenous oxidoreductases on the activity of three oxidative enzymes present in wheat flour (lipoxygenase [WLOX], peroxidase [WPOD], and catalase [WCAT]) was examined. Proper assay conditions were established to differentiate between added WLOX, WPOD, and WCAT and the corresponding activities present in wheat flour. For doughs with added SLOX, an immediate loss of extractable SLOX (˜40%) was observed which remained constant during further mixing. When compared with the control dough, addition of SLOX decreased the losses in WLOX and WCAT activities, whereas WPOD activity was unaffected. With doughs supplemented by HPOD, an immediate loss of 20% in the HPOD activity was observed which did not change after 20 min of mixing. Compared with control dough, addition of HPOD did not affect the behavior of WLOX and WPOD, whereas a slight decrease in the WCAT losses was observed. Addition of BCAT to the dough did not change the behavior of WLOX and WPOD, whereas the losses in WCAT were less rapid. Half of the extractable activity of BCAT was lost at the beginning of mixing with no change during further mixing. For doughs supplemented with GOX, 25% of the GOX activity was lost in the first 5 min of mixing and an additional loss of 20% was observed after 20 min of mixing. Compared with dough without GOX, addition of GOX decreased the losses in WLOX, whereas losses in WCAT and WPOD increased. Glucose and ferulic acid were also added to doughs supplemented with GOX. Added glucose decreased the losses in GOX and WLOX and did not change the behavior of WPOD and WCAT during mixing. Addition of ferulic acid promoted a slight increase of the losses in WLOX and WCAT and almost no change for GOX and WPOD.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) present in the commercial mixture Delor 103 were transformed by hairy root culture of Solanum nigrum. Plant growth regulators kinetin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, benzylaminopurin and/or naph-thaleneacetic acid, influenced the cells' growth and transformation of PCBs in a different manner. The cells were able to transform PCBs even if they ceased growing. Young inoculum (16 days) had a 20% lower PCB conversionthan did older inocula (37, 68 days) while biomass increase was much higher using young inoculum. With increasing size of inoculum, transformation of PCBs was stimulated. After 30 days of incubation the average amount of residual PCBs was 40% of the controls at initial PCB concentration of 100 ppm.

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of Simazine 50 WP (1.0 kg/ha) and Pronamide 50 WP (2.5 kg/ha) on the development and secoiridoid glucoside content of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea Raf.) when applied in the second year of cultivation. Simazine had no negative effect on development, but resulted in a significant decrease in secoiridoid glucoside content as compared with controls not receiving herbicide treatment. Pronamide application decreased height and reduced drug content as compared with controls. In spite of these negative effects, use of the herbicides on common centaury can be recommended in the second year of cultivation.

In order to prepare an active enzyme extract of UDP-glucose: scopoletin glucosyltransferase from suspension cultured cells of Solanaceous species, the analytical conditions were improved, extraction of crude enzyme optimized, and cells of Duboisia myoporoides, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, and Solanum avicularewere compared as sources. Cells of Duboisiagave best yields, which could be further increased by precultivation in the presence of phenobarbital. For extraction of crude enzyme, Tris and phosphate buffers were compared, with addition of mercaptoethanol, EDTA and ascorbate. The activity of SGTase exhibited 14.10−3nKat. mg−1of proteins using 130 μM of scopoletin as a substrate.

Abstract: The transport of metal ions (Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Na+, K+, Cs+) through hollow fiber supported dichlorobenzene liquid membrane has been studied. The transport of cations using 8-crown-6 ether as a carrier and picrate as co-counter ion as well as a pertraction device and capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) measurement of the cation concentration is described.

Abstract: The transport of strontium cation through a hollow fiber supported dichlorobenzene membrane using 18-C-6 crown ether, nitrate and anion of dinonylnaphtalen sulfonic acid has been studied. A permeation device-single hollow fiber module with on-line radiometric detection of strontium using85Sr tracer was used.

This study aimed to determine if morphology and biochemistry of skeletal muscle relate to anaerobic or aerobic capacities or to components of vertical jumping ability. Five power and seven endurance athletes were assessed for VO2max, vertical jump and alactacid (AAC) and lactacid (ALC) capacities. They were then biopsied (m. vastus lat.) and samples were examined for distribution of fast glycolytic (FG), fast oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and slow oxidative (SO) fibers. Fiber diameters and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), citrate synthase (CS) and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) were also determined. Endurance athletes were clearly differentiated from power athletes on the classical bases of fiber distribution and enzyme activity and by means of VO2max. Power athletes had significantly larger mean diameters of. all muscle fiber types and greater means for all components of vertical jumping performance, i.e., jumping height, maximal exerted strength, and acceleration impulse. The VO2max was negatively related to ALC and to all components of the vertical jump. The components of vertical jump were positively related to AAC and ALC and to the ratios (FG+FOG)/SO and LDH/CS. Greater SO diameter was associated with decreased CS activity and VO2max, and with increased LDH activity.

We investigate the stability of the bi-layer Fe3O4/Fe(0?0?1) films grown epitaxially on MgO(0?0?1) substrates with the layer thickness in the range of 25-100?nm upon 1 MeV Kr+ion irradiation. The layer structure and layer composition of the films before and after ion irradiation were studied by XRR, RBS and RBS-C techniques. The interdiffusion and intermixing was analyzed. No visible change in the RBS spectra was observed upon irradiation with ion fluence below 1015Kr cm?2. The bi-layer structure and the stoichiometric Fe3O4layer on the surface were well preserved after Kr+ion irradiation at low damage levels, although the strong intermixing implied a large interfacial (FexOy) and (Fe, Mg)Oylayer respective at Fe3O4-Fe and Fe-MgO interface. The high ion fluence of 3.8??×??1016Kr cm?2has induced a complete oxidization of the buffer Fe layer. Under such Kr fluence, the stoichiometry of the Fe3O4surface layer was still preserved indicating its high stability. The entire film contains FexOy-type composition at ion fluence large than 5.0??×??1016Kr cm?2.

Construction industry is a sector with rapid development. Progressive technologies of construction and new construction materials also called modern methods of construction (MMC) are developed constantly. MMC represent the adoption of construction industrialisation and the use of prefabrication of components in building construction. One of these modern methods is also system Varianthaus, which is based on, insulated concrete forms principle and provides complete production plant for wall, ceiling and roof elements for a high thermal insulation house construction. Another progressive construction system is EcoB, which represents an insulated precast concrete panel based on combination of two layers, insulation and concrete, produced in a factory as a whole. Both modern methods of construction are not yet known and wide-spread in the Slovak construction market. The aim of this paper is focused on demonstration of MMC using potential in Slovakia. MMC potential is proved based on comparison of the selected parameters of construction process - construction costs and construction time. The subject of this study is family house modelled in three material variants - masonry construction (as a representative of traditional methods of construction), Varianthaus and EcoB (as the representatives of modern methods of construction). The results of this study provide the useful information in decision-making process for potential investors of construction.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

We describe preparation and properties of GdScO3 thin films. The films were prepared by liquid injection metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD at 600 ºC on (100) Si substrate. The as-deposited films were amorphous with a smooth surface and sharp GdScO3/Si interface. X-ray diffraction showed that the amorphous phase is well preserved upon rapid thermal annealing up to 1000 ºC. However, modification of the X-ray reflectivity pattern after annealing at 1000 ºC indicates increasing of the film thickness, presumably due to diffusion of silicon from the substrate into the whole volume of the film. Capacitance-voltage measurement resulted in dielectric constant of 22. It is shown, that exact stoichiometry of GdScO3 is not necessary to achieve dielectric constant above 20.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.