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Developing highly active electrocatalysts is crucial for the application of electrocatalytic water splitting. In this study, we prepared vanadium oxide–graphene carbon nanocomposites (VxOy/C) with abundant defects using a carbon- and oxygen-rich hexavanadate derivative Na2[V6O7{(OCH2)3CCH3}4] as a precursor without the addition of an extra carbon source. Subsequently, the VxOy/C was used as a catalyst support to load a small amount of Ir, forming the Ir/VxOy/C nanoelectrocatalyst. This catalyst exhibited low hydrogen evolution overpotentials of only 18.90 and 13.46 mV at a working current density of 10 mA cm–2in 1.0 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4electrolyte systems, outperforming the commercial Pt/C catalysts. Additionally, the catalyst showed excellent chemical stability and long-term durability. This work provides a new strategy for the design and synthesis of highly active electrocatalysts for water splitting.

Lignin is a natural source of aromatic chemicals. After depolymerization, lignin can provide renewable alternatives to fossil resources and diverse aromatic chemicals. Oxidative depolymerization is an excellent lignin depolymerization strategy with mild conditions and environmentally friendly properties.The precise control of the lignin oxidative depolymerization pathway depends on the interaction between lignin self-radicals and exogenous radicals from the chemical environment. The stabilization mechanisms of the unstable intermediates during the depolymerization pathway determine the selectivity of the lignin degradation products.The development of precise real-time detection strategies for the radicals and unstable intermediates of lignin depolymerization will aid in the elucidation of the lignin oxidative degradation mechanisms.

A mild and efficient method for lignin β-O-4 cleavage and functionalization was achieved via photocatalysis. This protocol exhibits a broad scope of lignin models and excellent compatibility of functionalization reagents, constructing a series of functionalized lignin-based aromatic compounds. Highly selective formation of alkyl radical species through a proton-coupled electron transfer and β-scission process provides the opportunity to form new C–C and C–N bonds by reaction with electrophilic reagents.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are generally reported to participate in the development of Osteoarthritis (OA) by acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). However, the molecular mechanism is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms contributing to osteoarthritis (OA).Methods: Four gene expression profiles from patients with OA were downloaded from a public database and integrated to screen important RNAs associated with OA. Differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were filtered, and a ceRNA network was constructed. An in vitro OA model was established by treating chondrocytes with IL-1β. The expression levels of MMP-13, COL2A1, aggrecan, and RUNX2 were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. Cell proliferation ability was detected by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used for apoptosis assay. A dual luciferase reporter gene was used to confirm the relationship between DLEU1, miR-492, and TLR8.Results: An OA-related ceRNA network, including 11 pathways, 3 miRNAs, 7 lncRNAs, and 16 mRNAs, was constructed. DLEU1 and TLR8were upregulated, and miR-492 was downregulated in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Overexpression of DLEU1 suppressed viability and promoted apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in IL-1β induced chondrocytes. Luciferase reporter assay validated the regulatory relations among DLEU1, miR-492, and TLR8. Further study revealed that the effects of DLEU1 on chondrocytes could be reversed by miR-492.Conclusion: DLEU1 may be responsible for the viability, apoptosis, and ECM degradation in OA via miR-492/TLR8axis.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant problem for people with diabetes, and its progression is strongly associated with oxidative stress induced by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). This study presents a novel type of losartan-loaded chitosan-cloaked dopamine nanoparticles (CSDLNPs). It can specifically aggregate in damaged kidneys, lower blood glucose levels, and ameliorate the damage caused by oxidative stress. CSDLNPs exhibit excellent dispersion physiological stability and sensitive release under an acidic pH milieu. Additionally, they have potent scavenging capabilities against a wide range of reactive nitrogen and oxygen radicals. Furthermore, in vitro, investigations validate that CSDLNPs exhibit superior biocompatibility, facilitate specific absorption in the HK-2 proximal tubule epithelial cell line, and effectively mitigate oxidative stress generated by high hyperglycemia. Following CSDLNPs treatment, DN exhibits a reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and a restoration of urine and blood indices to levels close to normal. The H&E pathological staining results demonstrate that CSDLNPs effectively suppress collagen deposition, glycogen accumulation, and renal interstitium enlargement, indicating remarkable therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, dopamine is a drug carrier and antioxidant without needing an external carrier, demonstrating superior biosafety and potential for translation to diabetic nephropathy.

Solar-driven photoreforming of biomass to obtain green and clean energy H2and high value-added chemicals is one of the most promising approach to tackle problems concerning energy crisis and environmental pollution. To achieve this goal, the design and synthesis of photocatalysts with efficient photocatalysis and selectivity is a top priority. We synthesized lamellar composition of floral MoS2-modified CdS composites to reform biomass-derived lactic acid efficiently and selectively to tartaric acid derivatives, pyruvic acid and H2. During photocatalysis, there is accumulation of photogenerated electrons on MoS2as a reduction center for hydrogen-extraction reaction. The holes on CdS activate α-C-H and α-O-H in lactic acid to form the carbon-centered radical ⋅CCH3(OH)COOH and the oxygen-centered radical ⋅OCH(CH3)COOH. ⋅CCH3(OH)COOH was preferentially adopted for the coupling pathway to yield tartaric acid derivatives, and ⋅OCH(CH3)COOH was further dehydrogenated to form pyruvic acid. The liquid phase product of CdS was dominated by tartaric acid derivatives with a maximum selectivity of 75.0 %. The liquid phase product of CdS/MoS2-7 % was dominated by pyruvic acid with a maximum selectivity of 80.0 %.

With the aim of increasing the potential applications of activated carbon (AC) in supercapacitors and zinc-air batteries, the present work prepared AC composites doped with Mn, N and O using various methods. These materials exhibited superior capacitive and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic activity. Analytical characterizations and density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the specimen subjected to calcination and heating under N2and NH3(AC-Mn-3) had a higher specific surface area, an optimized distribution of pyridinic and pyrrolic N and single Mn atom active sites. These factors improved the supercapacitor performance and OER catalytic activity of this material. The hierarchical pore structure of the AC matrix also facilitated electrolyte transport while simultaneously reducing internal resistance and protecting the electrode structure during cycling. An AC-Mn-3 electrode provided a high specific capacitance of 516.20 F/g at 1 A/g while a symmetric supercapacitor based on this electrode delivered an exceptional energy density of 71.69 Wh/kg at a power density of 500 W/kg. When applied to the OER, the AC-Mn-3 achieved a low overpotential of 270.21 mV at 10 mA/cm2in 1 M KOH. Theoretical calculations suggested that single Mn atoms coordinated with N and O effectively bound oxygenated intermediates to lower the adsorption energy barrier associated with the OER rate-determining step going from OH* to O*. These results provide new insights concerning the mechanism by which improved supercapacitor performance and OER catalytic activity can be realized and demonstrate an effective strategy for AC modification.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to form a numerical simulation method for permeability coefficient that can consider the characteristics of gravel gradation and further explore the effects of indoor test factors and gradation characteristics on the permeability coefficient of gravel. Design/methodology/approach: The random point method is used to establish the polyhedral gravel particle model, the discrete element method (DEM) is used to construct the gravel permeability test sample with gradation characteristics and the finite element method is used to calculate the permeability coefficient to form a DEM-computational fluid dynamics combined method to simulate the gravel seepage characteristics. Then, verified by the indoor test results. Based on this method, the influence of sample size, treatment method of oversize particles and the content of fine particles on the permeability coefficient of gravel is studied. Findings: For the gravel containing large particles, the larger size permeameter should be used as far as possible. When the permeameter size is limited, the equal weight substitution method is recommended for the treatment method of oversized particles. Compared with the porosity, the pore connectivity has a higher correlation with the permeability coefficient of the sample. Research limitations/implications: Insufficient consideration of the movement of gravel particles in the seepage process is also an issue for further study. Originality/value: The simulation method described in this paper is helpful for qualitative analysis, quantitative expression of pore size and makes up for the defect that the seepage characteristics in pores cannot be observed in laboratory tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.)is an important forage with high quality and fine root turnover rate (FRTR). Soil phosphorus (P) availability greatly influences dry matter yield (DMY) and persistence of alfalfa. However, the effects of water (Wa)–P coupling under drip irrigation conditions on alfalfa FRTR and DMY have been rarely studied. Therefore, a 2‐yr field experiment was established with three randomized complete blocks in Xinjiang, China, evaluating three irrigation amounts (5,250, 6,000, and 6,750 m3ha−1, referred to as W1, W2, and W3, respectively) and four P application rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1, referred to as P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively) in 2017 and 2018. The Wa–P interaction had a significant effect on alfalfa DMY (P < .05), and DMY reached the maximum at W2P2treatment. Fine root biomass (FRB) presented a bimodal pattern over time (on 21 June and 20 August) and mainly existed in the soil layers 20‒40 cm underground. All root variables including FRB were positively correlated with alfalfa DMY. Comprehensive analysis showed that W2P2was the optimal treatment of the 12 treatments. Therefore, the irrigation amount of 6,000 m3ha−1and P application rate of 100 kg ha−1seems beneficial to achieve the relatively rational FRTR and the greater DMY of alfalfa. Applying 6,000 m3ha−1irrigation and 100 kg ha−1P increased total fine root biomass.Fine root biomass mainly exists in the soil 20‒40 cm underground.Application of P increased the fine root turnover rate of alfalfa.Max yield of alfalfa was achieved with 6,000 m3ha−1irrigation and 100 kg P ha−1.

High-performance triiodide reduction reaction (IRR) catalysts in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts in electrochemical water splitting are extremely compelling for renewable energy conversion and storage. The best IRR and HER catalysts generally rely on the use of noble metal platinum (Pt), which suffers obstacles in real-world implementation. The rational design of efficient bifunctional IRR and HER catalysts based on inexpensive and earth-abundant elements to replace scarce Pt could enable low-cost photoelectric conversion and hydrogen production but is challenging and rarely reported. Herein, we present a bifunctional NiFeCoW@NC hybrid with the unique architecture of WC loaded on the in situ formed carbon nanotubes embedded with Co-doped FeNi3nanoparticles based on the anisotropic integration design principle, which operates efficiently for DSSCs and hydrogen evolution. The assembled DSSCs using the designed multimetal-based NiFeCoW@NC counter electrode delivered a high power conversion efficiency of 6.92% and long-term stability superior to bimetal-based NiFe@NC, CoW@NC, and Pt counterparts. It also exhibited eminent hydrogen evolution performance with a low overpotential of 127.8 mV to drive a 10 mA cm–2current density, a Tafel slope of 60.4 mV dec–1, and satisfactory durable stability in 0.5 M H2SO4. This work provides a design principle for low-cost and highly active bifunctional catalysts to replace Pt for DSSCs and hydrogen evolution.

Circular polarized luminescence (CPL) is essential to chiral sciences and photonic technologies, but the achievement of circular polarized room-temperature phosphorescence (CPRTP) remains a great challenge due to the instability of triplet state excitons. Herein, we found that dual CPL and CPRTP were demonstrated by hybrid chiral photonic films designed by the coassembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and carbon dots (CDs). Tunable photonic band gaps were achieved by regulating the ratio of CNC/PVA in the hybrid films, leading to tunable CPL with invertible handedness, tunable wavelengths, and considerable dissymmetric factors (glum) up to −0.27. In particularly, triplet excitons produced by CDs were stable in the chiral photonic crystal environment, resulting in tunable right-handed CPRTP with long lifetimes up to 103 ms and large RTP dissymmetric factors (gRTP) up to −0.47. Moreover, patterned films with multiple polarized features were demonstrated by a mold technique.

Formaldehyde (FA) is a widespread indoor air pollutant, and its efficient detection is a major industrial challenge. The development of a building material with real-time and visual self-detection of FA gas is highly desirable for meeting both construction and human health demands. Herein, a luminescent transparent wood (LTW) as the building material was developed for dual-channel, real-time, and visual detection of FA gas. It was fabricated by encapsulating multicolor lignin-derived carbon dots (CDs) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) into a delignified wood framework. It exhibited 85% optical transmittance, tunable room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and ratiometric fluorescence (FL) emission. The tunable luminescence was attributed to different CD graphitization and surface functionalization. The color-responsive ratiometric FL and delayed RTP detections of FA were displayed over the range of 20–1500 μM (R2= 0.966, LOD = 1.08 nM) and 20–2000 μM (R2= 0.977, LOD = 45.8 nM), respectively. The LTW was also used as an encapsulation film on a UV-emitting InGaN chip to form white light-emitting diodes, indicating the feasibility as an FA-responsive planar light source. The operational notion of functional LTW can expand its applications to new fields such as a stimuli-responsive light-transmitting window or planar light sources while monitoring indoor air pollutants, temperature, and humidity.

Appropriate fertilization is an important management practice for optimizing the nutritional quality and increasing the phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of field‐grown alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.). A 2‐yr field experiment in 2017 and 2018 in Xinjiang, China, involving fertilization with different amounts of N (0, 105, and 210 kg ha−1, referred to as N0, N1, and N2, respectively) and P (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1, referred to as P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively) was established and resulted in the production of high‐quality alfalfa under drip irrigation. The crude protein (CP) content in the N1treatment was greater than that in the N2treatment under the P0, P2, and P3treatments. Compared with that in the N1P0and N2P3treatments, the relative feed value (RFV) in the N1P2treatment increased by 9−21% and 8−18%, respectively. The annual total CP yield in the N1P2treatment was the greatest. Compared with that in the N1P3treatment, the total PUE in the N1P2treatment increased by 76.69−99.69%. At each clipping, the CP yield and PUE of alfalfa were significantly different between the N and P treatments. Therefore, we conclude that when N was applied at 105 kg ha−1and P was applied at 100 kg ha−1, alfalfa presented the greatest nutritional quality and PUE under drip irrigation.

Background and Purpose: Cantharidin can or cannot reverse the drug resistance of nonsmall cell lung cancer to cisplatin (DDP) by reducing the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1).Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method was used to screen for sublethal doses of cantharidin and determine its sensitizing effect on DDP. Detect the apoptosis rate of A549/DDP cells treated with cantharidin, DDP, or the combination of cantharidin and DDP. The effects of cantharidin on the expressions of p53 and PD-L1 in the cell line were investigated. Furthermore, pifithrin-α (PFT-α) pretreatment was performed to inhibit the function of p53 and verify whether cantharidin can affect the expression of PD-L1 through p53.Results: Cantharidin significantly enhanced the sensitivity of cells to DDP and increased the apoptosis of cells induced by DDP. Cantharidin upregulated the expression of p53 in A549/DDP cells with wild-type p53 and downregulated the expression of PD-L1. Pretreatment with PFT-α inhibited the apoptosis of cells induced by the combination treatment of cantharidin and DDP.Conclusion: Cantharidin can regulate the expression of p53 and downregulate the PD-L1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer with wild-type p53. It may enhance the sensitivity of nonsmall cell lung cancer to DDP by further altering the levels of PD-L1 through the regulation of p53 expression.

Developing inexpensive, efficient, and stable catalysts is crucial for reducing the cost of electrolytic hydrogen production. Recently, polyoxometalates (POMs) have gained attention and widespread use due to their excellent electrocatalytic properties. This study designed and synthesized three composite materials, NF/PMonW12–n, by using phosphomolybdic-tungstic heteropolyacids as precursors to grow in situ on nickel foam via the hydrothermal process and subsequent calcination. Then, their catalytic performances are systematically investigated. This work demonstrates that the NF/PMonW12–ncatalysts generate more low valent oxides under the synergistic effect of Mo and W, further enhancing activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among these electrocatalysts, NF/PMo6W6exhibits the perfect HER performance, η10is only 74 mV. It also shows great stability during long-term electrolysis. The current study introduces a fresh approach for producing electrocatalysts that are both cost-effective and highly efficient.

Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent and fatal type of bone tumor. Despite advancements in the treatment of other cancers, overall survival rates for patients with osteosarcoma have stagnated over the past four decades Multiple-drug resistance—the capacity of cancer cells to become simultaneously resistant to multiple drugs—remains a significant obstacle to effective chemotherapy. The recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs can regulate the expression of target genes. It has been proposed that “competing endogenous RNA” activity forms a large-scale regulatory network across the transcriptome, playing important roles in pathological conditions such as cancer. Numerous studies have highlighted that circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can bind to microRNA (miRNA) sites as competitive endogenous RNAs, thereby affecting and regulating the expression of mRNAs and target genes. These circRNA/lncRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNAs are hypothesized to play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in tumor resistance to chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms of the lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA network in drug resistance of osteosarcoma remain unclear. An in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in osteosarcoma and the elucidation of effective intervention targets are of great significance for improving the overall recovery of patients with osteosarcoma. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma in circRNA-, lncRNA-, and miRNA-mediated competitive endogenous networks.

Integrating chromophores into chiral photonic crystals to fabricate materials that exhibit circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is promising as this method allows efficient manipulation of the spontaneous emission within photonic bandgaps (PBGs). However, tuning the wavelength of CPL and the dissymmetry factor (glum) in a convenient and accurate manner remains a significant challenge. Here, right-handed, tunable upconverted CPL (UC-CPL) emission was achieved by integrating multiple emissive, upconverting nanoparticles into cellulose nanocrystal based chiral photonic films that had tunable PBGs. Glycerol was used to tune the PBGs of the chiral photonic films, which yielded tunable UC-CPL emission at 450 and 620 nm with a tailored glum. Moreover, humidity responsive UC-CPL at blue wavelength was obtained from glycerol-composite photonic film, with a glumthat ranged from −0.156 to −0.033. It was possible because the PBG and chirality of photonic composite was responded to the relative humidity. This work gives valuable insight into tunable and stimuli-responsive CPL photonic systems.

Hierarchical porous carbon spheres (PCSs) with a tunable pore structure were prepared from larch sawdust via spray pyrolysis and a soft-templating method. Decomposition of the soft template, i.e., Pluronic F127, in the carbonization step led to formation of a hierarchical porous structure with mesopores and macropores. Swelling of the core, presumably predominantly of the poly(propylene oxide) component, was induced by evaporation of water. This led to the generation of ultra-large mesopores and macropores. The surface morphology and pore structure of the carbon spheres were controlled by varying the F127 concentration. The PCSs morphologies changed from smooth to rough with increasing addition of F127, and the particle sizes became more uniform. When the content of F127 reached 0.075 (ratio of F127/larch-based resin), the prepared PCSs (PCSs-0.075) had structural integrity, a high surface area (760.3 m2g−1), and a large pore volume (0.59 cm3g−1), and contained a combination of micropores, macropores, and mesopores. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that addition of F127 had little effect on the graphitic degree of the samples. Because of its hierarchical pore structure and high surface area, the optimized sample, i.e., PCSs-0.075, gave an excellent electrochemical performance as an electrode material for supercapacitors, with a specific capacitance of 338.8 F g−1at 0.2 A g−1and a good rate capability (165.1 F g−1at 5 A g−1) in 6 M KOH solution. These PCSs with mesopores and macropores, which facilitate penetration of ions into pores, are promising as efficient electrode materials for supercapacitors.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an important epitranscriptomic mark with high abundance in the brain. Recently, it has been found to be involved in the regulation of memory formation and mammalian cortical neurogenesis. However, while it is now established that m6A methylation occurs in a spatially restricted manner, its functions in specific brain regions still await elucidation. We identify widespread and dynamic RNA m6A methylation in the developing mouse cerebellum and further uncover distinct features of continuous and temporal-specific m6A methylation across the four postnatal developmental processes. Temporal-specific m6A peaks from P7 to P60 exhibit remarkable changes in their distribution patterns along the mRNA transcripts. We also show spatiotemporal-specific expression of m6A writers METTL3, METTL14, and WTAP and erasers ALKBH5 and FTO in the mouse cerebellum. Ectopic expression of METTL3 mediated by lentivirus infection leads to disorganized structure of both Purkinje and glial cells. In addition, under hypobaric hypoxia exposure, Alkbh5-deletion causes abnormal cell proliferation and differentiation in the cerebellum through disturbing the balance of RNA m6A methylation in different cell fate determination genes. Notably, nuclear export of the hypermethylated RNAs is enhanced in the cerebellum of Alkbh5-deficient mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Together, our findings provide strong evidence that RNA m6A methylation is controlled in a precise spatiotemporal manner and participates in the regulation of postnatal development of the mouse cerebellum.

Although traditional viscosity-reducer-assisted water flooding can improve heavy oil recovery, it does not have a sufficient advantage over expanding the sweep range and advancing the displacement front deeply. The CO2foam can make up for the lack of a viscosity reducer very well in the flooding process and decrease the volume of green-gas CO2. However, the mechanism of combining the flooding of CO2foam with a viscosity reducer is still unclear. To solve this problem, the flow characteristics and remaining oil state of heavy oil in the process of CO2foam flooding assisted by a viscosity reducer are analyzed. In this study, an etched microglass and high-temperature and high-pressure displacement visualization device are used to simulate the flow behavior of heavy oil derived by CO2foam and a viscosity reducer together. The state and location of the remaining oil in the etched glass are observed and compared at different flooding channel positions from macro and micro points of view. The experimental results show the following. (i) The oil recovery factor increases obviously in the early stage and tends to increase slowly in the later stage of CO2foam flooding assisted by a viscosity reducer. (ii) The CO2foam viscosity-reducer solution can block the water channel, adjust the streamline, and make the flooding front advance evenly. The sweep range expands to both sides, and an effective oil–water flow channel is also formed at the upsweep zone. (iii) Due to the synergistic viscosity reduction effect of CO2and a foamy viscosity reducer, the oil–water interfacial tension decreases, the viscosity of crude oil decreases greatly, and the flow ability of crude oil in the pore is significantly improved. The 43.2% increase in oil recovery confirmed the flooding effect of a CO2foam viscosity reducer.

To explore, highly active electrocatalysts are essential for water splitting materials. Polyoxometalates (POMs) have drawn interesting attention in recent years due to their abundant structure and unique electrocatalytic properties. In this study, by using a POM-based precursor Co2Mo10, novel bimetallic sulfide (CoS2-MoS2) nanocomposites are rationally designed and synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The incorporation of Co2+to the host electrocatalyst could effectively increase the exposure of active sites of MoS2. Compared to pure MoS2, the CoS2-MoS2nanocomposite exhibited a perfect hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) ability, for it merely requires overpotentials of 120 and 153 mV for 10 mA cm–2working current density toward the HER in 1 M KOH and 0.5 M H2SO4electrolyte systems, respectively. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibited outstanding chemical stability and long-term durability. This study presents a novel strategy that utilizes POMs to enrich the exposed edge sites of MoS2, resulting in the preparation of efficient electrocatalysts.

Functional porous carbon materials have attracted significant attentions due to their unique characteristics. Herein, the synthesis of N-doped hierarchically porous carbon (N-HPC) with ordered mesopores from liquefied wood is reported through a soft-templating and chemical blowing method with the assistance of NH4Cl to regulate their pore architectures. The NH4Cl strengthens the interactions between the carbon sources and soft templates in the hydrothermal process to produce carbon materials with highly ordered mesostructure after carbonization. Then, the obtained carbon is ground with NH4Cl, where NH4Cl releases NH3and HCl upon heating to introduce N atoms and micropores into the carbon structures. Highly ordered p6mm mesostructure, high specific surface area (1160 m2 g−1) and nitrogen content of 3.75 wt% are obtained with the assistance of NH4Cl, which together affords them enhanced electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. The obtained N-HPC electrode displays a specific capacitance of 282 F g−1at 1 A g−1and good rate capability.

Cotton straw is used as a roughage source in conjunction with maize in draught prone regions in the world for animal production. However, this diet generally contains relatively low rumen degradable protein compared with its supply of fermentable metabolizable energy; therefore leading to a suboptimal animal performance and high methane production. Although urea supplementation is known to improve microbial crude protein (MCP) production and animal production, the recommended levels of urea supplementation range between 1% and 6.7% according to literatures. This in vitrostudy was conducted as a preliminary investigation to determine the impact of urea supplementation up to 3% (as dry matter in the diet) on rumen fermentation characteristics and protozoa population, on typical maize meal and cotton straw-based diet used for sheep production in XinJiang province, China. MCP production was improved by 64% when urea increased from 0% to 2% in the diet, with no additional benefit observed at 3% urea in the diet. On the other hand, methane production was reduced when urea increased from 0% to 3% in the diet. These results indicated that 2% urea supplemented under the current feeding condition may improve MCP production and reduce methane production. However, further in vivostudy is needed to confirm that 2% urea in the diet would not cause adverse effects on animal health.

SHH subgroup medulloblastoma (SHH-MB) is one of the most common malignant pediatric tumors that arises in the cerebellum. Previously, we showed that RNA m6A methylation participates in regulation of cerebellar development. Here we investigate whether dysregulated m6A methylation contributes to tumorigenesis of SHH-MB. We show that high expression of m6A methyltransferase METTL3 associates with worse survival in the patients with SHH-MB. A large number of hypermethylated transcripts are identified in SHH-MB tumor cells by m6A-seq. We find that METTL3 promotes tumor progression via activating Sonic hedgehog signaling. Mechanistically, METTL3 methylates PTCH1and GLI2RNAs and further regulates their RNA stability and translation. Importantly, targeting METTL3 by depleting METTL3 expression or treatment with its catalytic inhibitor STM2457 restrains tumor progression. Collectively, this study shows a critical function for METTL3 and m6A methylation in SHH-MB, indicative of a potential role of METTL3 as therapeutic target in SHH-MB.

The purpose of this study was to explore the acetabular configuration of a special subtype of Crowe type 4 DDH and its impact on cup coverage, which was identified with a particular bi-pseudoacetabulum and an inter-pseudoacetabulum spine structure. The altered bone stock and anatomic structures were believed to be a result of lesser trochanter impingement on the pelvis as observed in all hips of this series, which was supported by the radiographic and intraoperative findings. Acetabular characteristics were depicted by means of radiographic assessment and direct observation during surgery. Pre-Operatively, the horizontal distance to the hip centre was 80.5 mm on average and 52.9 mm for femoral head height with a significant difference compared to the general series of DDH cases. Anterosuperior bony coverage was found to be more adequate with a thicker anterior wall. The postoperative hip centre was restored to the true acetabulum to within 23.4 mm vertically and 25.2 mm horizontally, and sufficient cup containment was achieved when the acetabular inclination angle was below 45°. A larger diameter cup (range 46-50 mm) was employed. No structural bone graft was required, and the medial protrusion technique was infrequently required. This subtype of DDH facilitated cup coverage during THA.

•Porous cellulose carbon aerogel is designed using ice crystals as a template.•The carbon aerogel exhibits a honeycomb-like structure with numerous active sites.•PPy degrades after carbonization to avoid the reduction in specific surface area.•The carbon aerogel shows super electrochemical property and a high energy density.

•The effect of the pore structures on electrochemical performance of different commercially-available activated carbons (AC) was studied.•The presence of ultramicropores (that is, those pores with d <1 nm) are responsible for the capacitance characteristics of AC.•The high micropore volume enhanced the exchange and adsorption of ions on the carbon surface.•The suitable mesopore structure promoted the diffusion of the electrolyte.

A thick electrode with a high mass loading is one of the promising structural designs to improve the energy density of supercapacitors. However, the slow ion transport and sluggish charge kinetics caused by the increased electrode thickness are still major challenges toward high-performance energy storage devices. Herein, an all-cellulose-based carbon aerogel asymmetric supercapacitor (ACAS) device is successfully assembled by using a thin cellulose aerogel as a separator and cellulose carbon aerogel and RuO2/cellulose carbon aerogel as the ultrathick anode and cathode, respectively. Benefiting from the 3D hierarchical porous percolation network structure, both cellulose aerogel and carbon aerogel provide continuous pathways that are beneficial to the electrolyte penetration, thereby facilitating the rapid transport of ions and electrons. As a result, the assembled ACAS device achieves an ultrathickness (up to ∼2.3 mm), including the anode (up to 1.2 mm) and the cathode (up to 1.0 mm). Consequently, the ACAS device possesses a high volumetric capacitance of 6.18 F cm–3and a high energy density (3.4 Wh L–1) with a maximum power density of 23 W L–1, which surpass values for the most-reported cellulose-based asymmetric supercapacitor. This work presents a design concept using renewable cellulose materials for the separator and thick electrodes in supercapacitors, which further facilitates the future application of sustainable and high-density energy storage devices.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of clinically overt hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) (grade ≥II) in 114 patients undergoing allo-HSCT to predict the occurrence of HC.