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ABSTRACT The fracture and damage behaviors of concrete under I-II mixed-mode loading are of great importance in determining the failure mode of concrete material and structure. In this paper, the [...]

Pelvic fractures are one of the most serious traumas in orthopedic care, and reduction during routine surgery is a significant challenge. Because there are so many vital organs, blood vessels, and nerves around the pelvis, and the reduction force is large, the operational requirements for the surgeon are extremely strict and require extensive experience and surgical skills. This article proposes a method for collecting and digitizing doctors’ reduction movements, which aims to help intelligent devices recognize surgeons’ reduction actions and provides a means to learn from expert experience to improve the accuracy of surgery. First, the convolutional bidirectional long short-term memory algorithm with multilayer cross-fused features is proposed. It extracts time and spatial correlations between multimodal data in a hierarchical manner. Second, discrete dynamic motion primitives are adopted for mapping the surgeon's palm movement trajectory. Finally, this article constructs a data acquisition platform and collects data from surgeons with varying proficiency in closed reduction. Experiment results show that the closed reduction action recognition accuracy is 99% and posture recognition accuracy is 95.5%. The recognition algorithm proposed by this article is significantly higher than the commonly used algorithms in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score. This article provides methods and means for the digitization of surgical expertise and transfers learning for robot-assisted surgery.

Adiponectin, an adipokine secreted by adipocytes, has anti-atherosclerotic and antithrombotic activities. AdipoRon is synthetic small molecule adiponectin receptor agonist. In this study, we investigated the effect of AdipoRon on platelet activation and thrombus formation. Washed human platelets were prepared from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. In a series of in vitro platelet functional assays, pre-treatment with AdipoRon (10, 20, 40 µg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited the aggregation, granule secretion and spreading of washed human platelets. We showed that AdipoRon (20, 40 µg/mL) significantly inhibited AMPK, Syk, PLCγ2, PI3K, Akt, p38-MAPK and ERK1/2 signalling pathways in washed human platelets. In addition, we demonstrated that the phosphorylation of CKII at Tyr255 was an important mechanism of the integrin αIIbβ3-mediated platelet activation. Meanwhile, AdipoR1 deficiency impaired the inhibitory effect of AdipoRon on mouse platelets. In ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model, injection of AdipoRon (5 or 12.5 mg/kg, iv) significantly attenuated arterial thrombosis. In conclusion, AdipoRon attenuates platelet function via the AdipoR1/AMPK/CKII/PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, while exerting a protective effect against arterial thrombosis. This study offers new insights into the fields of cardiovascular disease and antiplatelet drug discovery.

ABSTRACTCommercial cultivars of kiwifruit (Actinidiaspp.) can have green-fleshed or yellow-fleshed fruit depending on their chlorophyll degradation ability. In recent years, an increasing number of yellow-fleshed cultivars have been bred in China. However, the mechanisms underlying the flesh colouration of these new cultivars remain elusive. In this study, the pigment contents of the yellow-fleshed cultivar ‘Jinshi NO.1’ were determined during fruit development, and RNA sequencing was conducted to screen for differentially expressed genes and identify potential candidates for pigment metabolism. The chlorophyll content continuously decreased from 0 days after full bloom (DAFB) (T1) to 189 DAFB (T4), resulting in a more than 30-fold change, while the contents of anthocyanins and carotenoids showed sharp decreases from T1 to 44 DAFB (T2) and remained stable thereafter. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that the chlorophyll contents were highly correlated with chlorophyll-degradation-related genes, especially three chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB) genes and one stay-green gene (AcSGR1), but no carotenoid-related genes. Furthermore, these genes were found to be highly correlated with 15 transcription factors and 11 hub genes. These results indicate the important role of chlorophyll degradation in the colouration of ‘Jinshi NO.1’ and provide candidates for further functional characterisation and transcriptional regulation.

To better understand the effect of forest succession on biomass sequestration, we investigated biomass stock and allocation of evergreen broadleaf forest, a major zonal forest type in subtropical China. To analyze the biomass patterns and dynamics with forest succession, three forest types, pine (Pinus massonianaLamb.) forest (PF), pine and broadleaf mixed forest (MF) and evergreen broadleaf forest (BF), were selected and their tree biomasses were investigated. The results showed that the biomass of the arbor layer was the highest in BF, which was 292.51 t/hm2, followed by MF and PF with 206.87 and 171.76 t/hm2, respectively. It indicated that tree biomass increased with the forest succession. The biomass patterns in arbor layer were similar during the forest succession, in which the biomass of trunks accounted for the largest proportion in the total biomass decreased with the forest succession, but the proportion of the biomass of roots increased with the forest succession. The biomass of the diameter class above 20 cm in PF, MF and BF contributed to a large proportion of the total biomass. With the succession, the increase of tree species diversity has a positive effect on the increase of tree biomass. Our results indicated that forest succession can sequestrate biomass carbon and alleviate the global climate change.

It is well known that composite materials, consisting of at least two metal oxides, show qualities and sensing behavior very different from the single components. Recently, the preparation of core–shell nanomaterials for gas sensors has become extremely popular. Specifically, these materials have been found to show desirable sensor responses. The preparation of core–shell nanomaterials is, however, complex, limiting the commercial applicability. Composite materials can be more easily attained simply through the mechanical mixing of the various components. Although some studies exist that attempt to compare mechanically mixed composites to those prepared via a synthetic route, these examinations are often flawed, as due to varying preparation methods, the basic characteristics of the materials are not the same. Here, it was possible to separate the role of the contacts between the materials from that of the secondary core–shell structure, by using a soft method to mechanically break apart the structure. This ensures that the difference in morphology is the only change in the material characteristics. It was verified that the composite materials show a different sensing behavior from that of the pure materials. It was also found that regardless of the secondary structure, the composite materials showed very similar sensor responses. By examining materials containing different ratios of Cr2O3to SnO2, it was possible to attribute the sensor behavior changes to the contacts between the different metal oxides. It was shown that by varying the concentration of each oxide it is possible to attain either an n- or p-type response and at a certain concentration even no response. This work is significant because it identifies that the contact between the materials plays the dominant role in the sensor response and it shows the viability of mechanical mixing for composite sample preparation.

The article shows a study to measure genome-wide expression profiles of aging in seven tissues and storage systems at six adult ages in Drosophila melanogaster. This study shows global, temporal, and spatial changes associated with aging from multiple tissues at multiple ages, suggesting different tissues age in different patterns in an organism.

In this paper, the metal adhesion of metal trace structure and line‐width size on the organic film (insulating OC material) for touch panel was studied. At present, pure aluminum and pure copper processes can achieve the low cost and high performance requirements of the touch panel design. The influencing factors of pure aluminum trace’s adhesion on organic film were studied: ➀there was no significant difference in the comparative pull‐out force between OC and inorganic film on the 3M tape used for cross‐cut test; ➁the stress directivity of the organic film and the inorganic film was tested on silicon wafer, and the adhesion mechanism was analyzed;➂ the effect of different line widths and structure on adhesion was test; ➃in order to achieve the adhesion of metal trace in the touch panel (≧4B), it is necessary to optimize the structure designed of the organic insulating layer and SiNxOylayer.

Aflatoxin B1(AFB1), is a type I carcinogen that is one of the strongest naturally occurring aflatoxins and can be injurious to humans and livestock upon ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, with carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. It causes significant hazardous effects to the food- and animal-production industries. We found a bacterial strain, 3J2MO, that degraded AFB1well, and here we tested and characterized its AFB1-degradation ability. The strain degraded about 93.82% of the AFB1after incubation for 48 h in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium at 37 °C with a final concentration of 100 ppb and an inoculation quantity of 1 × 107cfu/mL. High-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was used to determine AFB1amounts. The maximum degradation rates were 89.23% at pH 8.5; 55.78% at an inoculation quantity of 1 × 108cfu/mL; and 71.50 and 71.21% at 34 and 37 °C, respectively. Treatment with sucrose and soluble starch as carbon sources and beef extract and ammonium acetate as nitrogen sources stimulated the degradation rate. Mg2+and Ca2+ions were activators for AFB1degradation; however, Mn2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and Cu2+were strong inhibitors. This bacterial strain has potential in bioremediation and the detoxification of aflatoxin contamination for biocontrol strategies in both agricultural products and food-industry matrices.

ABSTRACTDynamic behavior of gear-cylinder directly affecting the printing quality and efficiency is one of the key elements in offset printing. In order to study the problem of ink bar and ghosting caused by excessive vibration, a new model taking into account a variety of key physical factors is developed to predict the dynamic characteristics of a gear-cylinder system using the lumped parameter method. An appropriate mathematical tool is utilized to describe the meshing stiffness and transmission error function, thereby deducing the equations of motion with 16 degrees of freedom. In addition, the partial differential equation of sensitivity analysis in matrix form is obtained after the completion of formula transformation. The simulation results obtained from dynamic response and sensitivity analysis show that the proposed model is reliable enough to be used for dynamic characteristic prediction of a gear-cylinder system.

Based on the data of wear casing for ShunNan 501 well in Northwest oilfield and the stress–strain intrinsic relationship of P110 tubing, a two-dimensional mechanical model of casing with compound wear is established by using the nonlinear extended finite element method (XFEM) and the burst failure criterion of damage evolution with due consideration of wear type, angle between crescents, overlap depth of crescents, and wear depth caused by drill pipe body and tool joint. The accuracy and reliability of model are verified by the full-scale burst test data. The effects of wear types, angle between crescents, overlap depth of crescents, and wear depth on the internal pressure yield strength (IPYS), burst strength and failure behavior for casing with compound wear are analyzed, by which it is found that casing with compound wear exist stress interference and complex interaction between stress interference and stress concentration, and the burst failure mechanism of casing with compound wear is revealed. Based on the gray correlation analysis result of wear parameters, a prediction model of the residual strength for P110 casing with compound wear is established by 1stOpt software and universal global optimization (UGO) algorithm.

Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge contains various active constituents, some of which have been developed as commercially available medicine. Moreover, some other ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhizaplay roles in anti-platelet activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of miltirone, a lipophilic compound of Salvia miltiorrhizaBunge. The ability of miltirone to modulate platelet function was investigated by a variety of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Platelet aggregation and dense granule secretion induced by various agonists were measured with platelet aggregometer. Clot retraction and spreading were imaged by digital camera and fluorescence microscope. Ferric chloride-induced carotid injury model and pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to check miltirone antithrombotic effect in vivo. To elucidate the mechanisms of anti-platelet activity of miltirone, flow cytometry and western blotting were performed. Miltirone (2, 4, 8 µM) was shown to suppress platelet aggregation, dense granule, and α granule secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, miltirone inhibited the clot retraction and spreading of washed platelets. It reduced the phosphorylation of PLCγ2, PKC, Akt, GSK3β and ERK1/2 in the downstream signal pathway of collagen receptor. It also reduced the phosphorylation of Src and FAK in the integrin αIIbβ3-mediated “outside-in” signaling, while it did not suppress the phosphorylation of β3. In addition, miltirone prolonged the occlusion time and reduced collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thrombi. Miltirone suppresses platelet “inside-out” and “outside-in” signaling by affecting PLCγ2/PKC/ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and Src/FAK signaling. Therefore, miltirone might represent a potential anti-platelet candidate for the prevention of thrombotic disorders.

WO3−xnanosheets are at the first time reported on Ni foam (NF) directly without the binder. Due to low electron conductivity of WO3−x, NF as the substitute is a better choice to improve performances of WO3−xnanosheets electrodes. On the other hand, WO3−xwith unsaturated valence annealed at 400 °C in Ar/H2can increase the defect and improve the performances of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As catalyst for HER, WO3−x/NF exhibits better catalytic activity and stability than WO3/NF with overpotentials of 175 mV and 260 mV at the current densities of 10 mA cm−2and 50 mA cm−2, respectively. In addition, WO3−x/NF has superior durability and stability for 105 h in the long-term electrochemical process. This study provides a new direction in the design and development of transition metal oxides (TMOs) as high activity HER catalysts for practical applications.

Symmetric V-shaped riblets are simulated by using the computational fluid dynamic method to understand the riblet effects on the turbulent boundary layer and the skin friction reduction. Three classical turbulence models, namely Spalart–Allmaras, shear stress transport, and re-normalization group k-epsilon models, are investigated under different grid densities. The re-normalization group model produces good results consistent with the experiment, as compared with the existing theoretical and experimental drag results of the flat plate and the V-shaped riblets with different sizes. Simulating V-shaped riblets yield the unexpected discovery that the shear stress transport model produces large errors, and the Spalart–Allmaras model even produces results of qualitative errors. Another finding is that von Kármán’s constants can no longer meet the requirement of describing velocity profiles in the logarithmic law layer. Aside from the traditional shift of the logarithmic law’s intercept, the slope is also changed by riblet height and spacing. Therefore, an improved model of riblet effects is proposed by redefining von Kármán’s constants.

The friction force between the contact surfaces of a reactor internal hold-down spring (HDS) and core barrel flanges can directly influence the axial stiffness of an HDS. However, friction coefficient cannot be obtained through theoretical analysis. This study performs a mathematical deduction of the physical model of an HDS. Moreover, a mathematical model of axial load P, displacement d, and flexibility coefficient is established, and a set of test apparatuses is designed to simulate the preloading process of the HDS. According to the experimental research and theoretical analysis, P-d curves and the flexibility coefficient ? are obtained in the loading processes of the HDS. The friction coefficient fof the M1000 HDS is further calculated as 0.224. The displacement limit load value (4,638 kN) can be obtained through a displacement limit experiment. With the friction coefficient considered, the theoretical load is 4,271 kN, which is relatively close to the experimental result. Thus, the friction coefficient exerts an influence on the displacement limit load P. The friction coefficient should be considered in the design analysis for HDS.

The effects of triethanolamine on the compressive strength and setting time of fly ash cementitious materials, slag cementitious materials, and limestone cementitious materials were investigated. The results show that the dosage of 0.04% of triethanolamine can significantly improve the 3d, 7d and 28d compressive strength of fly ash cementitious materials. It possesses less impact on the setting time. The dosage of 0.04% of triethanolamine can significantly improve the 3d and 7d compressive strength of slag cementitious materials while the effect of late strength is not obvious. It extends the initial setting time and the final setting time is not changed, which has retarding effect. The results of hydration heat and XRD show that triethanolamine extends the induction period of cement hydration, and gypsum is exhausted in advance during the hydration process. Triethanolamine promotes the transformation of AFt to AFm and there is no effect on the type of hydration products.

In order to investigate the early hydration behavior of rapid setting and hardening belite sulfoaluminate cements, the methods of X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Compressive Strength test and Setting Times test were used to identify and quantify the hydration kinetics and microstructure of this new-found cements in China. The results showed that the main mineral compositions of high belite sulfoaluminate cement clinker included calcium sulfoaluminate (4CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4), belite (2CaO·SiO2), ferrite phase, free gypsum and free lime. It was found that not only the setting time and compressive strength but also the composition of hydration products were influenced by anhydrite to some extent. Meanwhile, a mass of AFt and AFm generated along with the hydration process at different ages, overlapped, crossed and penetrated through calcium silicate hydrate gel and aluminum oxide to form a relatively dense structure which could contribute to the high strength of cement.

Alpha radiolysis of nitric acid aqueous solution by a 238Pu source is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The time dependence of the nitrous acid yield on dose rate, nitric acid concentration, and nitrate ion concentration is studied. A novel kinetic model for the α-radiolysis of nitric acid aqueous solution is established, by considering the direct and indirect effects. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data, indicating the validity of our model to treat the reaction paths for generation and consumption of nitrous acid. It is shown that the redox reactions involving Pu cannot be neglected in the α-radiolysis of the solution. The results provide a better understanding of the α-ray radiolysis of aqueous nitric acid.

Under the condition where there is no seasonal demand fluctuation, short life cycle product supply chain should confront the market environment such as the decreasing of product value, the launch of substitutes and the appearance of competitors’ similar products, and the supply chain will become a very complex system. In this paper, the authors consider a TOC-based scheduling mechanism in this complex supply chain system. under the constant total production cost, it is more important to improve the availability of the wanted product in order to enhance the overall supply chain competitiveness so to obtain more effective output(profit rate) for the supply chain in a long period. Especially we try to apply the SDBR concept into a schedule mechanism in a particular supply chain system, and use numerical analysis to test the efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

•DNA damage-dependent/independent mechanisms of aldehyde cytotoxicity were studied.•DNA repair is essential for mitigating the cytotoxicity of weakly toxic aldehydes.•By contrast, DNA repair is dispensable for that of highly toxic aldehydes.•Inactivation of GSH and Trx1 partially explains DNA damage-independent cytotoxicity.

The development of the city traffic and its increasing traffic flux are the signs of the development of the society, but causing a serious pollution on the city's ecological environment. Cement hydration reactions are needed to generate Ca (OH)2, C-S-H gel, and AFt, as well as other hydrated products. Meanwhile, heavy metal ions are contained and fixed in a cement paste under physical encapsulation, absorption, isomorphous replacement, and double decomposition. This paper mainly discusses the impact of hydration environment on the adsorption law of materials adsorbing heavy metal ions and the adsorption mechanism under different pH values and temperatures, analyzing specific reasons from the perspective of micro-structure. Through the analysis it can be seen that, in addition to zinc ions, the cement-based materials’ capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions increases as the pH value and the temperature increase. Micro-structure analysis shows that cement-based materials’ main adsorption methods are different when pH values are different.

In the view of scarce of natural mineral resources and requirement of energy-saving/emission-reducing for cement industry, the natural silicon-aluminum clay as one cement raw material has been gradually replaced by silica-rich industrial wastes, such as, fly ash, a principal solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants, composed mainly of silica- and alumina-rich glass bead-shaped mineral. Using fly ash to produce cement raw materials, the formation and chemical reactions of cement clinker are affected by the chemical and mineral composition as well as the texture of the fly ash and the paper was focused on it. The empirical formula for formation heat of fly ash-doped cement clinker is revised on the basis of chemical thermodynamics. The results show that with the use of fly ash, in contrast with the traditional ingredients, the formation of varieties of clinker minerals as well as the formation sequence and types of intermediates varied little, while the maximum decomposition temperature of carbonate was lowered by 50 °C approximately, so that both the solid phase reaction temperature and liquid phase sintering point were decreased, which is favorable to the reduction of clinker formation heat. The revised formation heat empirical formula of fly ash-doped clinker could facilitate the thermal calculation of furnaces and the evaluation of thermal efficiency.

Considering the operation characteristics of the high-speed PBN airway, we propose an aircraft agent structural model and a basic algorithm flow of decision-making by Multi-agent technique. According to the constraint of safe separation and speed with the aircrafts, making use of the car-following theory, the deceleration constraint model is built for a flight management system. When the front aircraft decelerates, the model can offer a speed adjustment proposal for the following aircraft. The model is built based on the minimal safe separation and speed interval constraint; each variable, influencing the deceleration of the following aircraft can be analyzed. Simulation analysis is carried out for different combinations of aircraft types, initial speed, safe separation and deceleration. The follow aircraft deceleration was calculated under different conditions and the results coincided with reality. It is proved that the model can provide safe separation between the two aircrafts.

To assess the clinical effect and safety of direct current (DC) pulse produced by Han's Acupoint Nerve Stimulator in reduction (HANS) of labor pain.

Some reports suggest early cholecystectomy for diabetic patients with asymptomatic gallstone disease (GSD) to prevent subsequent serious infection. However, only a few studies have examined the incidence of cholecystectomy in response to GSD in diabetic patients. Our study attempts to elucidate the relationship between GSD and diabetes using the high coverage rate health insurance system of Taiwan and thus evaluate the validity of early cholecystectomy in diabetic patients.

We look into the signatures of the effective Y-bosonic strings in the gluonic profile due to a system of three static quarks on the lattice. The color field is calculated in pure SU(3) Yang-Mills lattice gauge theory at finite temperature with Polyakov loop operators. The analysis of the action density unveils a filled-Δ distribution. However, we found that these Δ-shaped action density profiles are structured from three Y-shaped Gaussian-like flux tubes. The geometry of the Y-shaped Gaussian flux tubes changes according to the quark configuration and temperature. The lattice data for the mean-square width of the gluonic action density have been compared to the corresponding width calculated based on the string model at finite temperature. We assume Y-string configuration with minimal length. The growth pattern of the action density of the gluonic field fits to junction fluctuations of the Y-baryonic string model for large quark separation at the considered temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct state measurement (DSM) based on the weak measurement has the advantage of simplicity, versatility, and directness. However, the weak measurement will introduce an unavoidable error in the reconstructed quantum state. We modify the DSM by replacing the weak coupling between the system and the pointer by a strong one, and present two procedures for measuring quantum states, one of which can give the wave function or the density matrix directly. We can also measure the Dirac distribution of a discrete system directly. Furthermore, we propose quantum circuits for realizing these procedures, and the main body of the circuits consists of Toffoli gates. By numerical simulation, we find that our scheme can eliminate the biased error effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When steel slag, a by-product of steel making in impurity catching process, is added, the forming process of cement clinker and the major reactions in that process are changed. Since there are dramatic differences between the chemical components and mineral compositions of steel slag and that of natural cement raw materials, the empirical equation for the calculating forming heats of cement clinker made of limestone and clay is no longer applied for those made of steel slag. In this paper, the empirical equation for forming heat calculation of steel slag added cement clinker was promoted, and testified by acid dissolution experiments. Results showed that the change of raw materials had great influence on the forming heat of cement clinker. When the traditional raw materials were replaced with steel slag, the forming heat of cement clinker reduced. Calculating the forming heat by our revised empirical equation can help reduce errors and bring great convenience for the calculation and evaluation of heat efficiency. This research provides theoretical underpinning for the study and calculation of forming heat of steel slag added cement clinker.

The PCE has a great relationship with the work function of conductors in organic and printed electronics devices. And organic photovoltaics require an electrode with a work function (WF) that is low enough to either facilitate the transport of electrons in and out of various optoelectronic devices or collect electrons from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of a given organic semiconductor. In inverted organic photovoltaics, the ITO is normally used as cathode to collect electrons .By using PDDA deposition, the surface work function of ITO can be decreased by 0.3 eV, which is able to improve the electrons transport and the PCE in OPV, as it has been proved that the surface electronic potential of ITO is very sensitive to the presence of self-assembled molecular layers.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe an economical approach to an existing adaptive localization technique and its implementation in the proper orthogonal decomposition-based ensemble four-dimensional variational assimilation method (PODEn4DVar). Owing to the applications of the sparse processing and EOF decomposition techniques, the computational costs of this proposed sparse flow-adaptive moderation (SFAM) localization scheme are significantly reduced. The effectiveness of PODEn4DVar with SFAM localization is demonstrated by using the Lorenz-96 model in comparison with the Smoothed ENsemble Correlations Raised to a Power (SENCORP) and static localization schemes, separately. The performance of PODEn4DVar with SFAM localization shows a moderate improvement over the schemes with SENCORP and static localization, with low computational costs under the imperfect model.

Antibacterial materials play an important role in clinical application, and silver has been known to exhibit strong cytotoxicity towards a broad range of micro-organisms. In this work, the amorphous calcium phosphate with silver substitution (Ag-ACP) was synthesized by chemical precipitation method, and the valence of silver in ACP was adjusted by temperature. The processed Ag-ACP was combined with slightly acidic compounds to form new calcium phosphate cement (CPC). Our results indicate that the valence of silver in CPC was adjusted successfully by chemical precipitation method and heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrated that silver ion in CPC-1 and CPC-2 existed in Ag3PO4; after heat treatment of 460 °C, silver became more stable in CPC-3 and CPC-4. Silver in CPC-1 and CPC-2 exhibited better releasing property. After heat treatment at 460 °C, the amount of silver ion released from CPC decreased significantly. Besides, the antibacterial ability of Ag-CPC was adjusted by changing the valence of silver in Ag-CPC. Depending on the low valence of silver and good silver release, CPC-1 and CPC-2 exhibited better antibacterial activity. We believe that this study will motivate the development and applications of antibacterial CPC in bone tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main components of Konjac glucomannan are glucose and glucomannan that are byڂ1-4 bond [ molar ratio is 1.6: (1~4) ] of high molecular weight non-ionic glucomannan, special glucose and mannose's ڂ-1-4chain structure isn't affected by the human digestive enzymes, and does not generate heat. According to the peculiar properties of konjac glucomannan, through the scientific experiment in the body of a rabbit to verify its unique immunological function, and then the human experiments after the effective experimental data statistics scientific analysis, finally the system can obtain the effect of konjac glucomannan on human immune system.

Micron and nanometer dimensional metrology is an important part of integrated circuits manufacturing system and nanofabrication research work. Semiconductor device feature size has shrunk from the micron to dozen of nanometers. How to watch the micro structure clearly, identify its edge, and measure its dimension accurately are the major issues that need to be research. In this paper, a metrological scanning electron microscope (M-SEM) system with precision stage and laser interferometer is presented. Furthermore, this paper focuses on demonstrating a metrological SEM image edge detection algorithm which is the essential part of the metrological SEM system to realize the measurement of line width. The procedure of the algorithm is that SEM image is first analyzed by noise type according to the histogram characteristics. Then the image noise is reduced by specific filters. Furthermore, a specific interesting object image region is selected and pixel gray level values of the region are obtained by line scan. SEM image edges are determined by the characteristic of the pixel information in two possible cases. This algorithm preserves the edge details of the original image and detects the image edge automatically in an easy and fast way.

As AFM tip approach speed is one of the key factors for AFM industrial on-line detection application, a sectional fast tip approach method composed of rough approach and mild approach processes is introduced here. In rough approach process, AFM tip can be approached by step motor to certain distance upon the sample surface with high speed, as a homemade dual-channel reflective intensity modulated fiber optic displacement sensor (DC-RIMFODS) can be integrated to AFM scan head easily to detect the stop position. While continued with mild approach process after rough approach, step motor can run slowly with a common PI feedback controller for Z scanner to make the tip get in touch with sample surface softly. Experimental results show that with the well-defined fiber optical sensor positioning accuracy and repeatability, the tip-sample distance can be limited in certain range after rough approach with 1mm/s high speed, and the whole AFM tip approach process can be finished in 20s by continuing with mild approach, while the initial tip-sample distance is about 10mm.

Large applications of pre-mixed mortar and the dwindling natural sand resources make people feel anxiety about the sustainable development of pre-mixed mortar, therefore, it is imperative to find replacement of natural sand. In this paper, several kinds of local tailings are selected. First, the basic performances of tailing sand are analyzed, then, the effect of the tailing sand on the performances of pre-mixed mortar are tested. The tests show that the mortar performance meets the technical requirements absolutely when tailings are used as aggregate mix mortar. When tailings substitute the natural sand, the mortar has qualified consistency and hierarchical degrees, but the strength is slightly lower. The natural sands are added to the limestone with more content of limestone powder which enrich the aggregate gradation, decrease the porosity of the aggregate and increase the fluidity. Also, both the consistency and hierarchical degrees of the mortar are very good. The tailings can be partially or completely substituted for the natural sand to mix the mortar, therefore, the exploitable yield of the natural sand can be reduced. The tailings are very suitable for mixing mortar.

A novel adaptive track finding algorithm is designed, which combines the function of track finding and image binarization. The combination of these two functions allows the system to determine the binarization threshold adaptively, and perform accurate visual navigation in diverse lighting and track conditions. A circular arc path planning strategy with a single measurable control parameter is used to guide the model car to the track. The circular arc path planning strategy is easy to implement and delivers fast and accurate responses to the track.

The ultrasonic transmission model is established in the ultrasonic cutting process based on the ultrasound oval cutting device made by ourselves and the different vibration cutting effects is analyzed under the ultrasonic cutting process in this paper. The ultrasonic transmission at the contact interface is vulnerably affected by preload force factors and so on by the vibration experiments of the ultrasonic vibration cutting system.