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Situé au sud-est du Sénégal, Kédougou est une zone aurifère (forte utilisation de métaux lourds) traversée par le Corridor Dakar-Bamako. Il couvre 189 villages et 15 structures sanitaires dont Bantaco où une grappe de cas de PFA non-poliomyélitiques était notifiée la 2equinzaine de mai 2021. Ainsi nous avons conduit immédiatement une investigation du foyer de PFA non-poliomyélitique.

•Physical activity may have a protective effect on visual integrity in pediatric patients with neuroinflammatory conditions•Any amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with higher retinal nerve fibre layer and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness across pediatric patients with neuroinflammatory disorders•The association between physical activity and visual integrity is most salient for pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis when compared to those with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disorders or those with monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes

In developing countries, maternal and neonatal mortality is high. Among the causes of death during the neonatal period, low birth weight is crucial. A dose of fluoride beyond 2mg/L causes enamel damage, possibly affecting the fetus. The aim of this study was to search for an association between dental fluorosis in the mother and low birthweight of the newborn.

La cancérologie est perçue comme un problème de santé secondaire dans les pays émergents, Pourtant, l'incidence annuelle des cancers y est en pleine croissance (environ 100 à 120/100 000 actuellement en Afrique subsaharienne). Cela peut s'expliquer par l'incidence élevée des pathologies infectieuses à risque oncogène (hépatites, VIH, Helicobacter, etc.) mais aussi par des politiques nationales et internationales de prévention encore trop réduites. Si cette tendance épidémiologique se poursuit, l'Afrique comptera en 2020 près d'un million de nouveaux cas de cancers chaque année. Si l'incidence augmente, la morbimortalité y est également importante. Cette constatation dépasse la simple conséquence d'un défaut de moyens. Le paysage socioculturel et les représentations de la maladie font également partie intégrante des causes de ce constat. Nous évoquerons dans cette tribune la situation de l'Afrique en citant l'exemple du Mali. Nous conclurons sur les apports qui peuvent être faits à l'échelle individuelle au travers de l'exemple de l'association « OncoMali ».

BACKGROUND:Few studies have investigated the epidemiologic features of clinically defined subgroups of anotiamicrotia.METHODS:Data on cases of anotia andor microtia among 1999–2005 deliveries were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, a populationbased active surveillance system. We determined crude and adjusted associations between selected factors and seven clinical subgroups of anotiamicrotia.RESULTS:In total, 742 cases were diagnosed with anotia andor microtia, corresponding to a prevalence of 2.86 per 10,000 live births. Of those, 45 had no other major birth defect “isolated”, 77 were unilateral, and 22 bilateral. Anotia alone made up 6, whereas microtia made up 94. Birth prevalence was higher with increasing maternal age and among Mexicoborn Hispanics. Compared to white mothers, Hispanic mothers were twotothree times more likely to have infants with all but the syndromic and bilateral groups adjusted prevalence ratios aPRs 2.05–2.61. NonHispanic blacks had significantly lower risk for total anotiamicrotia, and for the isolated, unilateral, and microtia subgroups aPRs 0.42–0.64. Less educated mothers were threetofour times more likely to have children with anotia aPRs 2.98 for less than high school, 3.97 for high school graduates. Males were more likely to be born with total anotiamicrotia and with syndromic, unilateral, and microtia subtypes aPRs 1.27–1.41.CONCLUSIONS:In Texas, most anotiamicrotia cases were in the unilateral and microtia groups, and 45 were isolated. Several clinical subgroups exhibited higher prevalence in males and among older mothers. Relative to whites, blacks were at lower risk and Hispanics especially Mexicoborn mothers were at higher risk for selected types of anotiamicrotia. Birth Defects Research Part A 2009. © 2009 WileyLiss, Inc.

Five species of algae (Lessonia nigrescens Bory, Prionitis decipiens, Grateloupia doryphora, Lessonia trabeculata and Macrocystis integrifolia) collected from Peruvian coast have been tested for mercury recovery from synthetic solutions. Preliminary experiments showed that optimum sorption occurred at pH 6-7 and that Lessonia algae were the most efficient sorbents for Hg(II). The biomass was cross-linked with calcium chloride. Stabilized biosorbent showed sorption capacity as high as 267 mg g-1 at pH 6. The sorption isotherm was described by the Langmuir equation, while the pseudo-second order equation was used for modeling uptake kinetics. Salt addition strongly affected mercury sorption following the sequence: NaNO3 << Na2SO4 <<< NaCl.

Mercury sorption on chitosan was investigated in batch and continuous systems. Chitosan sorption properties were determined through sorption isotherms. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were used for the modeling of isotherms at pH 5. In batch systems, maximum sorption capacities reached 550 mg Hg/g. Sorption kinetics have been studied as a function of sorbent particle size and stirring rate. Dynamic removal of mercury was tested in a fixed bed reactor investigating the following parameters: particle size, column size, flow velocity and metal ion concentration. Clark and Adams-Bohart models were evaluated for the simulation of breakthrough curves. This study shows that chitosan is an effective sorbent for the treatment and recovery of mercury from dilute effluents at near neutral pH.

ABSTRACTThe rising incidence of tuberculosis worldwide means an increasing burden on diagnostic facilities, so tests simpler than Ziehl-Neelsen staining are needed. Such tests should be objective, reproducible, and have at least as good a detection limit as 104bacteria/ml. A capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detection of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in human sputum samples. As a capture antibody, we used a murine monoclonal antibody against LAM, with rabbit antiserum against Mycobacterium tuberculosisas a source of detector antibodies. The sensitivity of the capture ELISA was evaluated by using purified LAM and M. tuberculosiswhole cells. We were able to detect 1 ng of purified LAM/ml and 104M. tuberculosiswhole cells/ml. LAM could also be detected in culture filtrate of a 3-week-old culture of M. tuberculosis. The culture filtrate contained approximately 100 µg of LAM/ml. The detection limit in sputum pretreated with N-acetyl-l-cysteine and proteinase K was 104M. tuberculosiswhole cells per ml. Thirty-one (91%) of 34 sputum samples from 18 Vietnamese patients with tuberculosis (32 smear positive and 2 smear negative) were positive in the LAM detection assay. In contrast, none of the 25 sputum samples from 21 nontuberculous patients was positive. This specific and sensitive assay for the detection of LAM in sputum is potentially useful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Eight intact male pigs were used in a double 4×4 Latin square design to determine the and ME contents of diets containing 75.5% high-test molasses or combinations of 55.5/20, 39.5/36 and 23.5/52% final molasses and crude sugar. The remaining 24.5% of the diet was fish meal, saccharomycers yeast, minerals and vitamins A and D.N-retention and DM digestibility, the latter ranging from 90.6 to 92.2%, were unaffected by dietary variables. DM content of feces was highest (46.9%) with the high-test molasses diet and increased from 25.2% when final molasses with the least amount of added sugar was fed to 40.7% with the highest sugar level. There were no differences between diets in DE, but ME was significantly higher (3.52 mcal./kg. DM) for the high-test molasses diet than for those based on final molasses and sugar (3.35 to 3.46). The content of ME in the diet was positively related to percent fecal DM (P<.05).