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Hypertensive renal disease (HRD) contributes to the progression of kidney dysfunction and ultimately leads to end-stage renal disease. Understanding the mechanisms underlying HRD is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have been recently highlighted in renal pathophysiology. In this study, we investigated the role of a DUB, OTU Domain-Containing Protein 1 (OTUD1), in HRD models. HRD was induced in wild-type or Otud1knockout mice by chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II, 1 μg/kg per min) through a micro-osmotic pump for 4 weeks. We found that OTUD1 expression levels were significantly elevated in the kidney tissues of Ang II-treated mice. Otud1knockout significantly ameliorated Ang II-induced HRD, whereas OTUD1 overexpression exacerbated Ang II-induced kidney damage and fibrosis. Similar results were observed in TCMK-1 cells but not in SV40 MES-13 cells following Ang II (1 μM) treatment. In Ang II-challenged TCMK-1 cells, we demonstrated that OTUD1 bound to CDK9 and induced CDK9 deubiquitination: OTUD1 catalyzed K63 deubiquitination on CDK9 with its Cys320 playing a critical role, promoting CDK9 phosphorylation and activation to induce inflammatory responses and fibrosis in kidney epithelial cells. Administration of a CDK9 inhibitor NVP-2 significantly ameliorated Ang II-induced HRD in mice. This study demonstrates that OTUD1 mediates HRD by targeting CDK9 in kidney epithelial cells, suggesting OTUD1 is a potential target in treating this disease.

Cardiac inflammation contributes to heart failure (HF) induced by isoproterenol (ISO) through activating β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Recent evidence shows that myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), a key protein in endotoxin-induced inflammation, mediates inflammatory heart diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of MD2 in ISO-β-AR-induced heart injuries and HF. Mice were infused with ISO (30 mg·kg−1·d−1) via osmotic mini-pumps for 2 weeks. We showed that MD2 in cardiomyocytes and cardiac macrophages was significantly increased and activated in the heart tissues of ISO-challenged mice. Either MD2 knockout or administration of MD2 inhibitor L6H21 (10 mg/kg every 2 days, i.g.) could prevent mouse hearts from ISO-induced inflammation, remodelling and dysfunction. Bone marrow transplantation study revealed that both cardiomyocyte MD2 and bone marrow-derived macrophage MD2 contributed to ISO-induced cardiac inflammation and injuries. In ISO-treated H9c2 cardiomyocyte-like cells, neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages, MD2 knockout or pre-treatment with L6H21 (10 μM) alleviated ISO-induced inflammatory responses, and the conditioned medium from ISO-challenged macrophages promoted the hypertrophy and fibrosis in cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. We demonstrated that ISO induced MD2 activation in cardiomyocytes via β1-AR-cAMP-PKA-ROS signalling axis, and induced inflammatory responses in macrophages via β2-AR-cAMP-PKA-ROS axis. This study identifies MD2 as a key inflammatory mediator and a promising therapeutic target for ISO-induced heart failure.

Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome causes the progression of various inflammation-related diseases, but the small-molecule inhibitors of NLRP3 are not currently available for clinical use. Tabersonine (Tab) is a natural product derived from a traditional Chinese herb Catharanthus roseusthat is usually used as an anti-tumor agent. In this study we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular targets of Tab. We first screened 151 in-house natural compounds for their inhibitory activity against IL-1β production in BMDMs. We found that Tab potently inhibited NLRP3-mediated IL-1β production with an IC50value of 0.71 μM. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tab suppressed the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome, especially the interaction between NLRP3 and ASC. Interestingly, we found that Tab directly bound to NLRP3 NACHT domain, thereby reducing the self-oligomerization of NLRP3. In addition, we showed that administration of Tab significantly ameliorated NLRP3-driven diseases, such as peritonitis, acute lung injury, and sepsis in mouse models. The preventive effects of Tab were not observed in the models of NLRP3 knockout mouse. In conclusion, we have identified Tab as a natural NLRP3 inhibitor and a lead compound for the design and discovery of novel NLRP3 inhibitors.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which has been shown to increase the incidence of colorectal cancer. Recent studies have highlighted the role of ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, in the occurrence and development of colonic inflammation. Ovarian tumor deubiquitinase 6 A (OTUD6A) is a deubiquitinating enzyme, which regulates cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression and role of OTUD6A in IBD. Wide-type or Otud6a−/−mice were used to develop dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- or 2,6,4-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model, as well as azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colitis-associated cancer model. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated from wild-type and Otud6a−/−mice to dissect molecular mechanisms. Our data show that OTUD6A deficiency attenuated DSS or TNBS-induced colitis, as well as AOM/DSS-induced colitis-related colon cancer in vivo. Bone marrow transplantation experiments further revealed that OTUD6A in myeloid cells was responsible for exacerbation of DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, OTUD6A directly bound to NACHT domain of NLRP3 inflammasome and selectively cleaved K48-linked polyubiquitin chains from NLRP3 at K430 and K689 to enhance the stability of NLRP3, leading to increased IL-1β level and inflammation. Taken together, our research identifies a new function of OTUD6A in the pathogenesis of colitis by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that OTUD6A could be a potential target for the treatment of IBD.

Costunolide (CTD) is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from costus root and exhibits various biological activities including anti-inflammation. Since atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, we herein investigated the anti-atherosclerotic effects of CTD and the underlying mechanism. Atherosclerosis was induced in ApoE−/−mice by feeding them with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, followed by administration of CTD (10, 20 mg ·kg−1·d−1, i.g.) for 8 weeks. We showed that CTD administration dose-dependently alleviated atherosclerosis in HFD-fed ApoE−/−mice. Furthermore, we found that CTD dose-dependently reduced inflammatory responses in aortas of the mice, as CTD prevented infiltration of inflammatory cells in aortas and attenuated oxLDL uptake in macrophages, leading to reduced expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules in aortas. Similar results were observed in oxLDL-stimulated mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) in vitro. We showed that pretreatment with CTD (2.5, 5. 10 μM) restrained oxLDL-induced inflammatory responses in MPMs by blocking pro-inflammatory NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. We further demonstrated that CTD inactivated NF-κB via covalent binding to cysteine 179 on IKKβ, a canonical upstream regulator of NF-κB, reducing its phosphorylation and leading to conformational change in the active loop of IKKβ. Our results discover IKKβ as the target of CTD for its anti-inflammatory activity and elucidate a molecular mechanism underlying the anti-atherosclerosis effect of CTD. CTD is a potentially therapeutic candidate for retarding inflammatory atherosclerotic diseases.

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a microtubule-associated protein kinase, is involved in neurogenesis, and its levels are elevated in various human cancers. Recent studies suggest that DCLK1 may relate to inflammatory responses in the mouse model of colitis. However, cellular pathways engaged by DCLK1, and potential substrates of the kinase remain undefined. To understand how DCLK1 regulates inflammatory responses, we utilized the well-established lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and mouse model. Through a range of macrophage-based and cell-free platforms, we discovered that DCLK1 binds directly with the inhibitor of κB kinase β (IKKβ) and induces IKKβ phosphorylation on Ser177/181 to initiate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Deficiency in DCLK1, achieved by silencing or through pharmacological inhibition, prevented LPS-induced NF-κB activation and cytokine production in macrophages. We further show that mice with myeloid-specific DCLK1 knockout or DCLK1 inhibitor treatment are protected against LPS-induced acute lung injury and septic death. Our studies report a novel functional role of macrophage DCLK1 as a direct IKKβ regulator in inflammatory signaling and suggest targeted therapy against DCLK1 for inflammatory diseases.

With the breakthroughs in deep learning and contactless sensors, the recent years have witnessed a rise of ambient intelligence applications and services, spanning from healthcare delivery to intelligent home. Federated edge learning (FEEL), as a privacy-enhancing paradigm of collaborative learning at the network edge, is expected to be the core engine to achieve ambient intelligence. Sensing, computation, and communication (SC$^{2}$) are highly coupled processes in FEEL and need to be jointly designed in a task-oriented manner to achieve the best FEEL performance under stringent resource constraints at edge devices. However, this remains an open problem as there is a lack of theoretical understanding on how the SC$^{2}$ resources jointly affect the FEEL performance. In this paper, we address the problem of joint SC$^{2}$ resource allocation for FEEL via a concrete case study of human motion recognition based on wireless sensing in ambient intelligence. First, by analyzing the wireless sensing process in human motion recognition, we find that there exists a thresholding value for the sensing transmit power, exceeding which yields sensing data samples with approximately the same satisfactory quality. Then, the joint SC$^{2}$ resource allocation problem is cast to maximize the convergence speed of FEEL, under the constraints on training time, energy supply, and sensing quality of each edge device. Solving this problem entails solving two subproblems in order: the first one reduces to determine the joint sensing and communication resource allocation that maximizes the total number of samples that can be sensed during the entire training process; the second one concerns the partition of the attained total number of sensed samples over all the communication rounds to determine the batch size at each round for convergence speed maximization. The first subproblem on joint sensing and communication resource allocation is converted to a single-variable optimization problem by exploiting the derived relation between different control variables (resources), which thus allows an efficient solution via one-dimensional grid search. For the second subproblem, it is found that the number of samples to be sensed (or batch size) at each round is a decreasing function of the loss function value attained at the round. Based on this relationship, the approximate optimal batch size at each communication round is derived in closed-form as a function of the round index. Finally, extensive simulation results are provided to validate the superiority of the proposed joint SC$^{2}$ resource allocation scheme over baseline schemes in terms of FEEL performance.

As cloud services have become popular, and their adoption is growing, consumers are becoming more concerned about the cost of cloud services. Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) generally use a pay-per-use billing scheme in the cloud services model: consumers use resources as they needed and are billed for their resource usage. However, CSPs are untrusted and privileged; they have full control of the entire operating system (OS) and may tamper with bills to cheat consumers. So, how to provide a trusted solution that can keep track of and verify the consumers’ resource usage has been a challenging problem. In this article, we propose a T-Counter framework based on Intel SGX. The T-Counter allows applications to construct a trusted solution to measure its CPU usage by itself in cloud computing. These constructed applications are instrumented with counters in basic blocks and added three components in trusted parts to count instructions and defend against malicious CSPs’ manipulations. We propose two algorithms which selectively instrument counters in the CFG. T-Counter is implemented as an extension of the LLVM framework and integrated with the SGX SDK. Theoretical analyses and evaluations show that T-Counter can effectively measure CPU usage and defend against malicious CSPs’ manipulations.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a sudden onset systemic inflammatory response. ALI causes severe morbidity and death and currently no effective pharmacological therapies exist. Natural products represent an excellent resource for discovering new drugs. Screening anti-inflammatory compounds from the natural product bank may offer viable candidates for molecular-based therapies for ALI. In this study, 165 natural compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged macrophages. Among the screened compounds, flavokawain B (FKB) significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory IL-6 secretion in macrophages. FKB also reduced the formation of LPS/TLR4/MD2 complex by competitively binding to MD2, suppressing downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling activation. Finally, FKB treatment of mice reduced LPS-induced lung injury, systemic and local inflammatory cytokine production, and macrophage infiltration in lungs. These protective activities manifested as increased survival in the ALI model, and reduced mortality upon bacterial infection. In summary, we demonstrate that the natural product FKB protects against LPS-induced lung injury and sepsis by interacting with MD2 and inhibiting inflammatory responses. FKB may potentially serve as a therapeutic option for the treatment of ALI.

Emerging evidence shows that chronic inflammation mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Myeloid differentiation primary-response protein-88 (MyD88) is an essential adapter protein of all TLRs except TLR3 in innate immunity. It is unclear whether MyD88 could be a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. Here, we used a new small-molecule MyD88 inhibitor, LM8, to examine the pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 in protecting kidneys from inflammatory injury in diabetes. We showed that MyD88 was significantly activated in the kidney of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice in tubular epithelial cells as well as in high glucose-treated rat tubular epithelial cells NRK-52E. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, we show that LM8 (2.5−10 μM) or MyD88 siRNA attenuated high-concentration glucose-induced inflammatory and fibrogenic responses through inhibition of MyD88-TLR4 interaction and downstream NF-κB activation. Treatment with LM8 (5, 10 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly reduced renal inflammation and fibrosis and preserved renal function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These renoprotective effects were associated with reduced MyD88-TLR4 complex formation, suppressed NF-κB signaling, and prevention of inflammatory factor expression. Collectively, our results show that hyperglycemia activates MyD88 signaling cascade to induce renal inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 may be a therapeutic approach to mitigate diabetic nephropathy and the inhibitor LM8 could be a potential candidate for such therapy.

The innate immune response and inflammation contribute to hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Dectin-1 is a pathogen recognition receptor in innate immunity. In this study, we investigated the role of Dectin-1 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We first showed that Dectin-1 expression was significantly elevated in liver tissues of patients with NASH. NAFLD was induced in mice by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. At the end of treatment, mice were sacrificed, and their blood and liver tissues were collected for analyses. We showed HFD feeding also increased liver Dectin-1 levels in mice, associated with macrophage infiltration. Either gene knockout or co-administration of a Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin (150 mg/kg twice a day, ip, from 16thweek to 24thweek) largely protected the livers from HFD-induced lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and elaboration of inflammatory responses. In primary mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), challenge with palmitate (PA, 200 μM), an abundant saturated fatty acid found in NAFLD, significantly activated Dectin-1 signaling pathway, followed by transcriptionally regulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dectin-1 was required for hepatic macrophage activation and inflammatory factor induction. Condition media generated from Dectin-1 deficient macrophages failed to cause hepatocyte lipid accumulation and hepatic stellate activation. In conclusion, this study provides the primary evidence supporting a deleterious role for Dectin-1 in NAFLD through enhancing macrophage pro-inflammatory responses and suggests that it can be targeted to prevent inflammatory NAFLD.

Obesity is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, remaining an important health concern worldwide. Evidence shows that saturated fatty acid-induced inflammation in cardiomyocytes contributes to obesity-related cardiomyopathy. Dapagliflozin (Dapa), a selective SGLT2 inhibitor, exerts a favorable preventive activity in heart failure. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Dapa against cardiomyopathy caused by high fat diet-induced obesity in vitro and in vivo. Cultured rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells were pretreated with Dapa (1, 2.5 μM) for 1.5 h, followed by treatment with palmitic acid (PA, 200 μM) for 24 h. We showed that Dapa pretreatment concentration-dependently attenuated PA-induced cell hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that inhibition of PA-activated MAPK/AP-1 pathway contributed to the protective effect of Dapa in H9c2 cells, and this was confirmed by anti-p-cJUN fluorescence staining assay. Using surface plasmon resonance analysis we found the direct binding of Dapa with NHE1. Gain and loss of function experiments further demonstrated the role of NHE1 in the protection of Dapa. In vivo experiments were conducted in mice fed a high fat diet for 5 months. The mice were administered Dapa (1 mg·kg−1·d−1, i.g.) in the last 2 months. Dapa administration significantly reduced the body weight and improved the serum lipid profiles. Dapa administration also alleviated HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiac aberrant remodeling via inhibiting MAPK/AP-1 pathway and ameliorating cardiac inflammation. In conclusion, Dapa exerts a direct protective effect against saturated fatty acid-induced cardiomyocyte injury in addition to the lowering effect on serum lipids. The protective effect results from negative regulating MAPK/AP-1 pathway in a NHE1-dependent way. The current study highlights the potential of clinical use of Dapa in the prevention of obesity-related cardiac dysfunction.

We design a joint radio and computational resource allocation policy for a multi-user mobile edge computing system, such that the expected power consumption is minimized while satisfying long-term delay constraints. The problem is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) that is efficiently solved by the proposed constrained reinforcement learning (CRL) algorithm, called successive convex programming based policy optimization (SCPPO). SCPPO solves a convex objective/feasibility surrogate problem at each update and it can provably converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point of the original CMDP problem almost surely under some mild conditions. Moreover, SCPPO adopts an application-specific policy architecture and employs a data-efficient estimation strategy that can reuse old experiences, such that SCPPO can realize fast learning with low computational complexity.

Byline: Wu-Xia. Luo, Jian-Ping. He, Xiang. Li, Ji-Yan. Liu Sir, Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare malignancy. [sup][1] Neoadjuvant chemotherapy represents the standard of treatment for patients with [...]

Acute lung injury (ALI) is often caused by systemic inflammatory responses. Targeting the myeloid differentiation protein 2/toll-like receptor 4 (MD2–TLR4) complex may be a promising way to treat Gram-negative bacterial-induced inflammatory disorders. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a new series of 3-(indol-5-yl)-indazoles, which were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities in macrophages. Among the analogues generated, the promising 3-(indol-5-yl)-indazole analogue 22minhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages with IC50values of 0.89 and 0.53 μM, respectively. Compound 22mwas then identified as an MD2–TLR4 antagonist in suppressing LPS-induced inflammatory responses. In vivo administration of 22msignificantly inhibited macrophage infiltration and ameliorated histopathological changes in lung tissues of LPS-challenged mice. Our studies have identified a new 3-(indol-5-yl)-indazole, 22m, as a potent MD2–TLR4 inhibitor and lay the groundwork for future drug development of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of ALI.

For treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, the dynamics of tumor growth is an important factor for treatment decision. However, it is difficult to evaluate the dynamics of tumor growth, especially those of synchronous metastatic diseases. This study aimed to find some indicators related to tumor proliferation to judge the dynamics of tumor progression. The pathological reports and clinical data of 1205 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were retrospectively reviewed; 75 patients with known relapse time after radical resection were included, and the expression of proliferation-associated proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry. Relapse-free time (RFT) from radical resection to relapse was obtained to analyze the relationship with expression of these factors. Kaplan–Meier univariate analysis showed that the overexpression of cyclin D1 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and late pathological stage after surgery indicated shorter RFT. Multivariate analysis showed that EGFR and the stage were independent predictors of RFT. Expression of EGFR and cyclin D1 and the pathological stage were included as combination risk factors for RFT analysis; more risk factors were correlated with shorter RFT. EGFR and cyclin D1 seemed to be indicators of the dynamics of tumor growth, and overexpression of those molecules may suggest rapid growth and poor prognosis.

High-precision vertex and energy reconstruction are crucial for large liquid scintillator detectors such as that at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), especially for the determination of neutrino mass ordering by analyzing the energy spectrum of reactor neutrinos. This paper presents a data-driven method to obtain a more realistic and accurate expected PMT response of positron events in JUNO and develops a simultaneous vertex and energy reconstruction method that combines the charge and time information of PMTs. For the JUNO detector, the impact of the vertex inaccuracy on the energy resolution is approximately 0.6%.

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) consisting of macro cells with very large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cells with a few antennas each can well tackle the contradiction of large coverage of the network and high data rate at the hot spots. However, it is not permissible to assign orthogonal pilot sequences for all the supported users due to the large number. Hence, we propose a pilot reduction scheme based on the heterogeneous system configurations and the unique topology of this HetNet. The reusing of pilot sequences causes the presence of the contaminated channel state information (CSI) and results in receivers' Quality of Service (QoS) outage. With the contaminated CSI, we provide an energy-efficient beamforming based on minimizing the total power consumption while keeping the QoS constraints satisfied and restricting the QoS outage probability below a given specification. By applying the approach of Bernstein approximation and semi-definite relaxation, we transform the original intractable chance constrained program to a convex problem conservatively. Numerical results show that the average power consumption of the proposed beamforming for our pilot reduction scheme is close to that of the perfect CSI case. Since our scheme will greatly compress the length of pilot sequence especially for those highly densified network with large number of small cells, it will be crucially helpful to put such two-tier massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems into practice.

The precise vertex reconstruction for large liquid scintillator detectors is essential. A novel machine learning-based method was successfully developed to reconstruct an event vertex in JUNO. In this study, the performance of machine learning-based vertex reconstruction was further improved by optimizing the input images of neural networks. By separating the information of different types of PMTs and adding the information of the second hit of PMTs, the vertex resolution was improved by approximately 9.4 % at 1 MeV and 9.8 % at 11 MeV.

In this paper, the relationship is studied by spectrophotometric method between the structure of reactive yellow X-R, reactive yellow K-6G, reactive yellow KN-GR, reactive yellow M-5G, reactive yellow M-3RE, reactive yellow EF-3R and their colors, poplar veneer dyeing characteristic parameters S, E, R, F values, exhaustion curves and fixation curves. The results showed that longer conjugated system and better coordination of electron donor and acceptor group and smaller steric hindrance generates longer absorbance wavelength. The S value of six active dyes is reactive yellow X-R> reactive yellow KN-GR> reactive yellow K-6G> reactive yellow M-5G> reactive yellow M-3RE> reactive yellow EF-3R, the R and E and F value is reactive yellow M-3RE> reactive yellow M-5G> reactive yellow EF-3R> reactive yellow X-R> reactive yellow KN-GR> reactive yellow K-6G. The exhaustion and fixation rate is increasing with the increasing of time, except that the exhaustion containing single chlorine-triazine is decreasing within 10min after addition of alkali.

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment. One of the main goals is to determine the neutrino mass ordering by precisely measuring the energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos. For the detection of reactor antineutrinos, cosmogenic backgrounds, such as 9Li/8He and fast neutrons induced by cosmic muons, should be rejected carefully by applying muon veto cuts, which require good muon track reconstruction. With a 20-kton liquid scintillator detector, the simulation shows the proportion of muon bundles (muon multiplicity ≥ 2) to be approximately 8% in JUNO, whereas its reconstruction has been rarely discussed in previous experiments. This study proposes an efficient algorithm for muon track reconstruction based on the charge response of a photomultiplier tube array. This is the first reconstruction of muon bundles in a large-volume liquid scintillator detector. In addition, the algorithm shows good performance and potential for reconstruction for both a single muon and double muons (muon multiplicity = 2). The spatial resolution of a single-muon reconstruction was 20 cm, and the angular resolution was 0.5°. For double-muon reconstruction, the spatial and angular resolutions could be 30 cm and 1.0∘, respectively. Moreover, this paper also discusses muon classification and the veto strategy.

A video management way based on Oracle interMedia is proposed, to make up the shortages of single classify and low search efficiency based on files in traditional video surveillance system. The solution is designed on structural description model for video, proposed a classify way which described the video from attribute, character, main frame summary and video data. Adopt interMedia to create table in Oracle, achieve classify storage for video and description. At last, design the test software in VC. Experimental results show that the video can storage in Oracle well, compared with the traditional file storage way, it has a better classify storage and search efficiency.

The design and implementation of agricultural products traceability system based on IOT improve the credibility in the circulation process of pork and vegetables, standardize enterprise production management, and enable consumers to obtain the right to know. Web technology, bar code technology, data collecting middleware technology is used for the construction of database server platform and SOA-oriented software information system. Traceability code and data standard protocol of non-contact IC card are developed to improve the urban network topology and establish a complete coverage of all aspects of the circulation, such as electronic transaction settlement, quality testing and supervision, real-time data collection and products sources tracing.

In this paper, paraffin/polyurea (PU) phase change microencapsules were prepared through an interfacial polymerization method using composite paraffin with solid/liquid mass ratio 3:7 as core materials, 2,4 toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and ethylenediamine (EDA) as monomers, NP-10 as an emulsifier. It was explored the effect of the monomer mass ratio mEDA: mTDI on the yield of hollow PU microcapsules, and the effect of core/shell ratio on the particle size and coating efficiency and storage-energy performance of paraffin/PU phase change microencapsules. The experimental results showed the PU yield is increasing with the increasing of EDA:TDI mass ratio until 0.5:1,then keeps the constant. Paraffin/PU phase change microencapsules prepared with the core-shell ratio of 2:1 have better performance: the melting point of 28.1°C, the enthalpy of 58.4KJ/Kg, encapsulation efficiency of 87.5%, the average particle size of 4.32μm, and the uniform particle size distribution.

To investigate the prevalence and type of high astigmatism among children aged 3 to 6 years in Guangxi, a relatively undeveloped province in western China, and to examine the correlation between astigmatism and visual acuity.

In this paper, Microencapsulated paraffin/polyurea (PU) phase change materials were prepared through an interfacial polymerization method using composite paraffin with solid/liquid mass ratio 3:7 as core materials, 2,4 toluene diisocyanate and ethylenediamine as monomers, NP-10 as an emulsifier. It was investigated the effects of emulsion speed, the amount of emulsifier and polymerization temperature on the particle size and coating efficiency and storage-energy performance of microencapsulated paraffin / PU phase change materials. The results showed when the emulsion speed is 2000r/min and the amount of emulsifier to core material is 6% and the polymerization temperature is 70°C, Microencapsulated paraffin / PU phase change materials have better performance: the melting point of 28.1°C, the enthalpy of 58.4KJ/Kg, coating efficiency of 87.5%, the average particle size of 3~4μm, and the uniform particle size distribution.

Massive MIMO systems offer a high spatial resolution that can drastically increase the spectral and/or energy efficiency by employing a large number of antennas at the base station (BS). In a distributed massive MIMO system, the capacity of fiber backhaul that links base station and remote radio heads is usually limited, which becomes a bottleneck for realizing the potential performance gain of both downlink and uplink. To solve this problem, we propose a joint antenna selection and user scheduling which is able to achieve a large portion of the potential gain provided by the massive MIMO array with only limited backhaul capacity. Three sub-optimal iterative algorithms with the objective of sum-rate maximization are proposed for the joint optimization of antenna selection and user scheduling, either based on greedy fashion or Frobenius-norm criteria. Convergence and complexity analysis are presented for the algorithms. The provided Monte Carlo simulations show that, one of our algorithms achieves a good tradeoff between complexity and performance and thus is especially fit for massive MIMO systems.

6-nitro-1,3',3'-trimethyl-indoline spiropyrans (SP) was synthesized, which is a photochromic compound. SP/SAO-ED composite phosphor was prepared with an organic ligand SP coated on the surface of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ (SAO-ED) phosphor by the interfacial coordination chemistry method. The effect of the solvent on the properties of SP/SAO-ED phosphor was investigated, and the effects of the solvent effect on the UV maximum absorption wavelength and fading kinetics of SP and SP/SAO-ED were also studied. Results showed that SP/SAO-ED composite phosphor has higher photochromic and photoluminescent properties when the prepared parameter is chloroform as solvent. The UV maximum absorption wavelength of open-loop SP and SP/SAO-ED is decreasing with the increasing of the solvent polarity, which is the negative color effect. The fading reaction kinetic equations meets with the first order reaction, and the rate constant is decreasing with the increasing of the solvent polarity.

Power supply's performance is directly related to the performance of electronic devices. It puts forward higher requirements on the performance of computer switching power regulator,with widely using of high-power in family and computer overclocking technology applications. In this paper, switching power supply is modeled by using the simulink of matlab, simulations are performed to analyze the influence of source effect and loads effect on the performance of switching power regulator. Switching power regulator performance is affected both by source effect and loads effect during normal operation of computer, regulator performance under the influence of a single factor is difficult to test. For this problem, a feasible test method of switching power supply regulator performance is proposed. By building a test platform, the proposed method is verified.

A series of novel red light-emitting phosphors Li2Y4-xEux(WO4)7 were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The phosphors were characterized by XRD and luminescence spectra. The results show that the phosphors can be excited by near-UV light of 395nm effectively. The relative intensity of the sample reaches a maximum when x is 2.8. The main emission line is 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ at 615nm, and they can be used for white LED.

Abrasive jets can be used for polishing when fine slurry is used. This paper presents a model for the jet formation process, CFD simulations are carried out for the prediction of flow pattern in a nozzle with abrasive suspension slurry jets using the discrete phase model. The CFD model aids in understanding the process because of the difficulties in performing the direct measurement of the jet axial velocity and radial velocity, the model simulates the different pressure premixed slurry pass through the pipeline and the focus tube to the atmosphere. The model is able to predict the orifice efficiency and the cross sectional profiles of the jet velocity after the nozzle, the modeled results are in good agreement with both experimental and analytical data. The simulation model can be useful in studying the overall slurry jet process and for the optimization of the slurry jet parameters.

BK7 optical glass is used as the object of study in this paper. The different parameters such as lapping time, load, slurry flow, slurry concentration, abrasive grain sizes, rotating speed effect on surface roughness and material removal volume are studied. Using the way of orthogonal experiments for seeking optimization parameters to gain the smoothness surface and consume the minimum machining time. The empirical formulas of surface roughness and material removal rate are found by orthogonal test.

We compared the characteristics and polishing effect of abrasive suspension slurry jets with and without high polymer added. Results show that adding high polymer to the slurry jet leads to more concentrated jet beam and, consequently, surface roughness in the jet polished region is approximately equal and the interface between polished and unpolished regions is narrowed. We also examined the surface forming process polishing with slurry jet added with high polymer, and then proposed a polishing model of the process.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) method to measure the residual stress in the metal substrate surface layer and the medial oxide layer between thin film and metal substrate was introduced and the sol-gel TiO2-SiO2 thin film was successfully prepared on SUS304 stainless steel substrate by dip-coating process. The macro residual stress existing in metal substrate was analyzed by XRD. It turns out that the compressive stress existing in the metal substrate surface layer decreases with the raising of heat-treated temperature and that the compressive stress of metal substrate surface layer and the tensile stress of the medial oxide layer increase with the increase of the withdrawal speeds of the sol-gel dip-coating. Based on the above study, colored stainless steels of high quality were prepared by sol-gel process for the first time.

Two-layer antireflective films were prepared on Na-Mg-Ca-Si glass substrate by sol-gel process starting from metal alkoxides: Si(OC2H5)4, Ti(OC4H9)4. The transmittance of glass was increased obviously (>95%), the reflective index was reduced to 1.95 through visible light range. TEM observation showed that SiO2 film is compactly joined to TiO2 film and TiO2 film to the substrate. TEM-EDX analysis of the films, film-substrate interface and substrate revealed that with the increase of Ti content, the content of Mg，Ca and Si decreases, however, the content of Na increases. The diffuse of Na+ from the substrate to the film is negative diffusion.

Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, by the aid of Ar+ sputtering, chemical composition and the valence state of elements on surface and at depth of TiO2-SiO2 thin films and metal substrates have been studied. Results show that: on surface, elements of Cr, Mn, Ti, Fe exist in the form of their respective stable state, but Si is unstable and exhibits stoichiometrical disturbance when heat treated at 800℃; at depth, after sputtering for 5 minutes and 17 minutes, elements of Cr, Mn, Ti and Ni exist in the form of their respective stable state, but Si and Fe are unstable and exhibit stoichiometrical disturbances; at depth, after sputtering for 57 minutes, all of the Cr, Mn, Ti, Si, Ni and Fe exist in the form of their respective stable state. Results of chemical composition and their content by weight percent of TiO2-SiO2 thin films and metal substrates reveal that: Fe, Cr, and Mn diffuse from metal substrates to the thin films in scale; Ni diffuses few and Si collects to the metal substrate surface

Using conventional hydrothermal synthesis method, n-butylamine as an organic templating agent (C4H11N), phosphoric acid, tetraethyl orthosilicate, aluminum hydroxide, and manganese acetate as starting material, by adjusting the amount of the crystallization conditions and reactants pH, phosphate synthesized manganese-containing aluminosilicate zeolite. The molar ratio between the raw material is n (P): n (Si): n (Al): n (Mn): n (H2O): n (C4H11N) = (1.8 ~ 2.2): (0.15 ~ 0.2): (0.8 ~ 0.9): (0.6 ~ 0.8): (2.4 ~ 4.5): (1.1 ~ 1.4), pH in the range of 5.30 ~ 5.50, the crystallization temperature was 150 °C ~ 170 °C, the crystallization time is 24 ~ 30 h, the curve indicated by DSC-TG, synthesized molecular sieve obtained with a more good thermal stability.

This paper presents a computational efficient distributed circuit model for broadband power-line communications (PLC) in the frequency range of 1 to 30 MHz. The model is derived based on the full wave approach and it takes into account the mutual coupling between the power lines, the effect of the ground plane and the discontinuity along the lines (e.g., PLC line bent with an arbitrary angle and the terminations). To derive the distributed circuit model, the PLC lines were divided into many small elements with each element treated as a dipole antenna. The electromagnetic fields along the power lines were considered as the summation of the field of these elements solved by the boundary conditions at the air-conductor and the air-ground interfaces from which the explicit expressions of the per-unit-length circuit parameters were obtained. To check the accuracy of our proposed model, the current distributions along PLC lines excited by an external source were determined using the chain matrix approach. Common-mode current is calculated with the transmission line equations. The agreement between our theoretical calculations with the experimental data as well as with full wave approach shows the validity and applicability of our proposed model for such PLC applications.

The influence of heat-treated temperature and the CeO2 content on the chemical composition and the valence state of elements on surface of ZrO2-CeO2 thin films deposited on metal substrates has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that: elements of Fe, Cr, Zr, Ce exist in the form of their respective stable state, such as Fe2O3, (Fe0.6Cr0.4)O3, ZrO2, CeO2, when heat treated at 600°C and 700°C for 2h respectively; with the increase of heat-treated temperature, the area of oxygen with O1s peak corresponding to value of bonding energy 529.28ev increases, but the area of oxygen with O1s peak corresponding to value of bonding energy 531.7ev decreases.