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To study the combined effects of freeze–thaw cycles and chemical corrosion on deterioration mechanism of triaxial mechanical properties of sandstone in cold regions, triaxial compression tests were carried out on homologous sandstone specimens after corrosion action of acidic, alkaline or neutral solution and cyclic freeze–thaw action, by taking the pHvalue of the hydrochemical solution and the number of freeze–thaw cycles as control parameters. The failure mode of triaxial compression is shear-slip failure, and the deviatoric stress–strain curves can be divided into four stages of compaction, linear elastic, yield, and failure. The stress–strain curves and deterioration law of triaxial mechanical properties were analyzed. With the increase of freeze–thaw cycles, the peak stress, peak strain and modulus all decrease, the deterioration degree of the rock specimens increases, and the yield plateau and plastic characteristics in the yield stage become weaker. The strong acid solution shows the largest degree of damage, and the peak stress, peak strain and modulus decreased significantly. The precipitates produced by the reaction between the strong alkaline solution and the specimens adhere to the specimen surface, pores, and fissures, thereby inhibiting further damage and deterioration. Confining pressure is an essential factor affecting the rock mechanical properties. As confining pressure increases, the strength and deformation-resistant ability of specimens increase, and the yield stage on the stress–strain curve is more obvious. The sensitivity of acidic solution to the deterioration of mechanical properties of sandstone is obviously greater than that of alkaline solution. These results provide a theoretical basis for the construction of geotechnical engineering structures in cold regions.

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) may be affected by cure-directed therapy given to pediatric oncology patients. Identification of HRQOL riskprotective factors may facilitate the development of clinical interventions.

Progress in our understanding of heterotypic cellular interaction in the tumor microenvironment, which is recognized to play major roles in cancer progression, has been hampered due to unavailability of an appropriate in vitro co-culture model. The aim of this study was to generate an in vitro 3-dimensional human breast cancer model, which consists of cancer cells and fibroblasts. Breast cancer cells (UACC-893) and fibroblasts at various densities were co-cultured in a rotating suspension culture system to establish co-culture parameters. Subsequently, UACC-893, BT.20, or MDA.MB.453 were co-cultured with fibroblasts for 9 days. Co-cultures resulted in the generation of breast cancer histoid (BCH) with cancer cells showing the invasion of fibroblast spheroids, which were visualized by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of sections (4 µm thick) of BCH. A reproducible quantitative expression of C-erbB.2 was detected in UACC-893 cancer cells in BCH sections by IHC staining and the Automated Cellular Imaging System. BCH sections also consistently exhibited qualitative expression of pancytokeratins, p53, Ki-67, or E-cadherin in cancer cells and that of vimentin or GSTPi in fibroblasts, fibronectin in the basement membrane and collagen IV in the extracellular matrix. The expression of the protein analytes and cellular architecture of BCH were markedly similar to those of breast cancer tissue.

To lend clarity to inconsistent prior findings of an inverse association between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and risk of lymphoid malignancies, we examined the association of prospectively ascertained residential ambient UVR exposure with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), multiple myeloma (MM), and classical Hodgkin lymphoma in the California Teachers Study cohort. Among 121 216 eligible women, 629 were diagnosed with NHL, 119 with MM, and 38 with Hodgkin lymphoma between 1995-1996 and 2007. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Residential UVR levels within a 20-km radius were associated with reduced risk of overall NHL (RR for highest vs lowest statewide quartile of minimum UVR [≥ 5100 vs < 4915 W-h/m2], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.80), especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.78) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.01), and MM (RR for maximum UVR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.90). These associations were not modified by skin sensitivity to sunlight, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or neighborhood socioeconomic status. Dietary vitamin D also was not associated with risk of lymphoid malignancies. These results support a protective effect of routine residential UVR exposure against lymphomagenesis through mechanisms possibly independent of vitamin D.

To lend clarity to inconsistent prior findings of an inverse association between ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and risk of lymphoid malignancies, we examined the association of prospectively ascertained residential ambient UVR exposure with risk of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), multiple myeloma (MM), and classical Hodgkin lymphoma in the California Teachers Study cohort. Among 121 216 eligible women, 629 were diagnosed with NHL, 119 with MM, and 38 with Hodgkin lymphoma between 1995-1996 and 2007. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Residential UVR levels within a 20-km radius were associated with reduced risk of overall NHL (RR for highest vs lowest statewide quartile of minimum UVR [≥ 5100 vs < 4915 W-h/m2], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.42-0.80), especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.78) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.21-1.01), and MM (RR for maximum UVR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.90). These associations were not modified by skin sensitivity to sunlight, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or neighborhood socioeconomic status. Dietary vitamin D also was not associated with risk of lymphoid malignancies. These results support a protective effect of routine residential UVR exposure against lymphomagenesis through mechanisms possibly independent of vitamin D.

In this work, oxygen vacancy-regulated La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-δ:Ag (LCMO:A) nanocomposite thin films on LaAlO3(001) substrates were investigated to obtain films with large temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) values. LCMO:A nanocomposite thin films were synthesized using pulsed laser deposition, and oxygen pressures during film deposition and annealing steps were optimized. As oxygen pressures increased, lattice parameter increased from 70 Pa to 100 Pa, Tpincreased monotonically from 168 K to 282 K, and average Mn4+concentration in the film increased as indicated by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy data. Record high TCR value of ∼37% K−1was achieved in LCMO:A nanocomposite thin film prepared with optimal oxygen pressures, making this film promising candidate for applications in bolometers.

The balance to zero carbon emissions is still far from neutral, although various technologies try to prevent the deteriorating trend. As shown by the benchmarking analysis (BA) elf, common benchmarking analysis is still insufficient to support an in‐depth view to explore energy‐efficiency performance of CO2technology for carbon neutrality. As shown by the thermodynamics (T) elf and BA elf, with help of thermodynamics, the benchmarking analysis could embody a solid physical basis to support its function for an accurate and reasonable energy‐efficiency performance analysis. More details can be found in article number 2000756by Shuai Deng and co‐workers.

Based on the principle of thermodynamics, this study proposes a benchmarking analysis framework for evaluating the energy efficiency of carbon capture technology. First, the boundary and elements for the benchmarking framework are defined. Then, the specific heat consumption, coefficient of CO2capture performance, and exergy efficiency are calculated as indicators for the benchmarking analysis using a general calculation method. Second, benchmarking analysis is conducted using performance data from the literature for a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) case study. Previous research is used to classify energy consumption into three TSA boundary levels: adsorbent, adsorption chamber, and adsorption system. Third, a more complete benchmarking analysis is presented based on cyclic data from a self‐coded TSA simulation program. The influence of regeneration temperature and regeneration partial pressure on the energy‐efficiency performance is analyzed to demonstrate the viability and fairness of the proposed benchmarking analysis method. Finally, the ways to obtain standard data for the proposed benchmarking analysis via experimental methods are discussed. The proposed method can be used to guide the current design of TSA‐based carbon capture technology toward optimal energy efficiency. This article summarizes and classifies recent data on the energy efficiency of CO2capture technology. Then, a novel benchmarking analysis method is proposed to achieve high‐efficiency energy conversion, energy saving, and reduced energy consumption. The influences and challenges of the indicators, parameters, and experimental setup of benchmarking are discussed for the temperature swing adsorption (TSA) system.

•Operation characteristics of the ORC system are analyzed on a kW-scale test bench.•The experiments included single-and multiple-variables regulation were conducted.•The effective regulation variables were verified according to the different regulation tests.•The appropriate regulation manner was explored to improve the system performance.