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FDA's 2011 Process Validation: General Principles and Practices guidance created a systemic shift in industry's approaches to validation programs, The authors describe the three-stage approach to validation that is outlined [...]

The interpretation of cone penetration test (CPTU), at the standard rate of 20 mm/s, results in clays assuming undrained penetration tests, whereas the interpretation in sands is carried out using a drained approach. However, for silts, the drainage conditions during a standard rate test are less well understood, and often partial drainage occurs. The main objectives of this work are to show the limitations of applying existing correlations for sand and clay to a silt material and to give guidance to practicing engineers on how to establish strength parameters for silts that allow a safe design. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive laboratory and field test study that was carried out on a silt site in Halsen-Stjørdal, Norway. Varied rate CPTU tests were conducted, and various soil samples were taken. Using a conventional Nktapproach to determine undrained shear strength, standard rate CPTU tests provided 20 % higher values compared with high-rate tests. Thus, the undrained strength may be overestimated from standard rate tests. Care needs to be taken when using undrained shear strength in silts. Nevertheless, this value represents a limiting strength value, which is often of interest when investigating the response as if it were undrained. The friction angle could be successfully determined from CPTU results by applying the modified Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) method to the measured data set. The results reveal a rate dependency of the friction angle, resulting in an underestimation of 20 % if a standard rate test is used compared with using low-rate CPTU tests, giving drained results that match the reference values from the laboratory. To overcome uncertainties in picking design strength values, it is highly recommended to carry out at least one fast and one slow CPTU test to evaluate the drainage situation and to adjust the design values accordingly.

Are you still spending time developing team or unit training from scratch? Did you know that there is a better, more efficient way? Since February 2007, digitally available combined arms [...]

Byline: Long, Mike PERFECT DAY: Big Bend, TX; ; Mike Long, a 20-year veteran, snares a primo big-water day on the Rio Grande.; ; 7:33 Check river gauge at Lajitas [...]

As it stands right now, Ohio as a whole, has 17 years of sited landfill space available. While citizens and businesses continue to do a good job in recycling and [...]

Q. I'm looking to replace my 36-inch direct-view TV with a big-screen rear-projection set, something around 50 inches. I also have a digital satellite system and a DVD player. Should [...]

A divided-bar apparatus is deemed to be the most accurate method of measuring the thermal conductivity, λ(W/mK), of intact rock cores in the laboratory. The divided bar is a steady-state comparative method in which the temperature drop across a disk of rock is compared with that across a disk of standard material of known conductivity. Thermal conductivity test results obtained from rock cores can be used in software programs to determine the design requirements for any medium to large-scale ground-source energy system. This paper describes the design and development of a low-cost divided-bar apparatus and compares the values obtained to those achieved by previous researchers and those recommended by EED, a commonly used borehole heat exchanger design software program. The divided bar was designed in accordance with the following principles: keep construction costs low by using readily available materials, develop a simplistic operating procedure to promote continuity of use and cater for the testing of different sized rock cores. As there are currently no recognized testing standards available for operation of a divided-bar apparatus, the sample preparation procedure for samples tested on the UCD divided-bar apparatus was developed as a proposed standard testing procedure. The proposed procedure amalgamates the developments and suggestions of previous researchers in addition to published test procedures in Ulusay and Hudson [Ulusay, R. and Hudson, J. A., 2007, The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: 1974–2006, ISRM Turkey], and could possibly contribute toward the development of a standardized procedure for testing on a divided-bar apparatus. The test results presented in this paper demonstrate a strong relationship between thermal conductivity and mineral composition with the effects of porosity also having a notable influence on the thermal conductivity of the tested rocks.

The article presents a number of letters to the editor. Readers commented on the articles "A New Southern Strategy," from the November 27, 2006 issue; "The Tao of Borat," from the November 20, 2006 issue; and "It's Over For Bush," from the November 27, 2006 issue.

The article focuses on the use of the command fff.h for generating the fake functions in the C computer language. It presents various codes in the form of listings. Several commands used in the programming includes driver.h, functionA, longfunc0 and Faked-Function-Framework.aspx. It further discusses implementation of the fake function by using macro.

The article discusses combined arms training strategies (CATSs) for the U.S. Army. Topics include basic features of the CATSs, the role of the Collective Training Division in developing the CATSs and several charts and tables with statistics on the subject. Further, it is highlighted that the CATSs is mandatory for the commandants.

Several letters to the editors are presented including one on the operating system Windows 8 in a previous issue, second on the article "Bon Appetit" in previous issue and another on the article "Caveat Epson" in a previous issue and also presents the responses form the authors.

Narrates the Bamboo of the Americas tour of Veracruz, Mexico. Aims of the tour; Inspection of the habitat of endangered native bamboo species in Cofre de Perote National Park; Meeting with botanist Teresa Mejia and staff by the group in the Institute of Ecology.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Personal background of actor Billy Crudup; "It Takes 2," which focused on gay male relationships; "Cruising With Rosie," which featured the R Family cruise.

The author reflects on serving others as a way to attain true happiness in life. He relates his own experience of being happy and enjoying it whenever he does the most good for someone else when he was in college and eventually when he became a writer who teaches. He mentions how his own way of having fun has the benefit of converting selfishness into practicality and even nobility.

The article presents an obituary for South Hams Metal Detecting Club member John McGregor.

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "U.S. Navy Shipbuilding: Keep the LCS" in the January 21, 2008 issue and "Waiting for NMCI: Even "Satisfied" Customers Find Frustrations," in the December 10, 2008 issue.

The article highlights the 2006 annual general meeting of the South Hams Metal Detecting Club in England. The election of the club's committee was observed at the meeting. Phil Strickland has replaced Matthew Hill as committee member. It cites the winners of the club's monthly finds competitions including Garry Telloke for the Club Dig Coin category. The Detectorist of the Year award went to John Smith.