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The performance of hybrid composites in automotive applications has been improved using natural filler. Numerous researchers are analyzing to create the substitute hybrid materials for ecological sustainability and responsibility in environment. Hybrid composites are made by combining natural filler (CD—Cordia dichotoma) with reinforced polymer (PLA—polylactic acid) resin matrix composites which offer unique mechanical qualities because they contain more renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable materials than synthetic fillers. The objective of this research is to evaluate the dynamic mechanical behavior and thermal property of the addition of natural filler (CD) on the PLA resin for finding the structural effect in hybrid composites. CD natural filler loading on the PLA composites are fabricated by 3D printing. The experimental results demonstrate that composites containing 15 vol% of CD natural filler/PLA have a tensile strength of 14.2 MPa, a flexural strength of 29 MPa, and an impact strength of 1304 J/m2compared to other hybrid composites and the outcomes of the other tests are fully described in this paper. The composite material’s highest modulus of storage and temperature of glass transition are found in the 20 vol% filler CD component. The dielectric strength of the composite made with CD natural filler and PLA at a 20 vol% concentration is 4.73 KV/mm which is higher than that of the other composites. The lowest measurement for water absorption of 15 vol% of CD natural filler/PLA composite has been found the value of 6.5% lower than other composites.

Thermal management is crucial for effective heat regulation and minimal energy loss across fields like electronics cooling, chemical processing, and energy storage etc. Therefore, present work numerically analyzes the convection of heat and entropy production for a lid driven flow in a tilted square enclosure containing viscoelastic nanofluid exposed to a static magnetic field with a magnitude denoted as ‘B0’. A second-grade model is employed to characterize the viscoelastic behavior. Tcand Thare the constant temperatures at the upper and bottom walls, respectively whereas the vertical walls are considered insulated. Moreover, upper wall moves at a uniform velocity in positive x-axis direction. The stream function approach removes the pressure gradient term from the linear momentum equation, and the resulting partial differential equations are discretized via finite differences and then resulting algebraic equations are solved with SOR and SUR methods employing self-developed MATLAB codes. The computations were carried out with the values relevant parameters ranging from: 10  ≤ Re ≤ 50, 0 ≤  Ha ≤ 20, 0 % ≤ ϕnf≤ 4 %, 10−1≤  Ec ≤ 10−3, 0 ≤ En ≤ 10−2and inclination angle (ξ)= -300, 00, 300, 450. The contour profiles of streamlines, isotherms, local entropy generation (SGEN); local Bejan number (Be) are plotted to demonstrating their effects. It is noted that Nuavgand Nsboth increase significantly as the ϕnfincreases. However, rise in ‘Ha’, reduces Nuavgand Nsby 47.19 % and 43.42 % for Ri = 0.1, and by 4.17 % and 3.46 % for Ri = 5, respectively. The elasticity effect opposes flow and reduces Nuavgand Ns. At Ri = 0.1, increasing ‘En’ from 0 to 0.1 reduces Nuavgand Nsby 2.22 % and 2.56 %, while at Ri = 5, Nuavgand Nsdecreases by 0.76 % and 0.28 %. Moreover, with Eckert number (Ec) average Nusselt number diminishes, accompanied by an increase in both Nsand Beavg.Heat convection and entropy production are enhanced with forward inclination of the square enclosure and is slightly diminished with backward inclination.

Nanofluids are crucial in thermal engineering, industrial processes, and biomedical innovations, facilitating improved heat transmission, cooling systems, thermal extrusion techniques, and applications in cancer therapy, especially for brain tumours. Owing to this a comprehensive description of the mixed convective flow of Williamson nanofluid as it flows over a Riga plate with entropy production and motile microorganisms. Are examined. The flow pattern model takes into account the influences of thermal radiation, Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes, stratifications, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. Utilizing a suitable conversion approach, translate the partial differential equation (PDEs) system into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The translated equations are computed analytically by adopting the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Finally, this analysis provides a complete numerical and diagrammatic analysis of the physical factors influencing velocity, temperature, concentration, microorganism fields, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganism density. It is evident that the thermal stratification parameter dropped the velocity and temperature profiles. The concentration profile is boosted by raising the size of the thermophoresis parameter, while it is diminished by the augmenting values of the Brownian motion parameter. The abundance of microbes is diminished by higher degrees of bioconvection Lewis number and microorganisam stratification parameter. The heat transfer rate is augmented when enriching the values of thermal relaxation parameter.

This work investigated the impact of ternary nanoparticles on the flow dynamics across a revolving disk. This study examines the nanoparticles of magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and CoFe2O4that were dispersed in different liquids -water and ethylene glycol (EG). This study examines the joint impacts of a varying inclined magnetic field and CattaneoChristov heat and mass flux on the flow of two ternary nanofluids across a spinning disk. Problems of this nature predominantly arise in symmetrical phenomena through the use of similarity transformations and are relevant to engineering, physics, and applied mathematics. The phenomena were expressed as partial differential equations, which were subsequently transformed into an ordinary differential equation within the existing system. Subsequently, this work is computed with the bvp4c scheme in MATLAB. Graphical results are employed to evaluate the examination of mass and heat transfer. The velocities increase with the inclined magnetic impression for both ternary nanofluids. The temperature increases and concentration declines with the increasing volume fraction of TiO2and CoFe2O4for both ternary nanofluid flows. The Nusselt number declines for I-ternary nanofluid flow and increases for II-ternary nanofluid flow with the thermal and solutal relaxation parameter along with the increasing volume fraction of TiO2and MgO. In addition, the alterations in concentration, temperature, and velocity graphs for different dimensionless parameters are briefly examined through related diagrams. The Nusselt number declines with the I-ternary group and increases with the II-ternary group for the nanoparticle MgOconcentration.

This study addresses the numerical investigation of the steady and two-dimensional flow of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid containing motile microorganisms over three distinct configurations: a wedge, a plate, and the stagnation point of a flat plate. The impacts of activation energy, melting phenomena, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion are taken into account. The dimensionless form of the governing coupled nonlinear partial differential equations is obtained by using similarity transformations. The system of ordinary differential equations is numerically solved using the “bvp4c” solver in MATLAB, and obtained results are also validated with an analytical approach Optimal Auxiliary Function Method (OAFM). Skin friction, heat, mass and motile microorganisms transfer rates are discussed through graphs and tables. Findings indicate that profile for Nusselt number enhances for higher inputs of melting parameter while Sherwood number lowers with increasing inputs of activation energy parameter. An improving pattern of velocity profiles is magnificent for stagnation point flow [f(η = 1) = 0.943711] compared to wedge [f(η = 1) = 0.915698]and horizontal plate [f(η = 1) = 0.868617]with respect to wedge angle parameter keeping velocity ratio parameter A< 1. For the wedge surface, the temperature profiles decrease [θ(η = 1.5) = 0.933075,  0.895245,  0.858931] for increasing inputs of radiation parameter (2.5 ≤ Nr≤ 4.5) while motile microorganism profiles enhance [χ(η = 1.3) = 0.532505,  0.621569,  0.690635] with bioconvection Schmidtt number (0.3 ≤ Sb≤ 0.7) respectively. Furthermore, it was found that, as velocity slip parameter increases then velocity of fluid also improves over a plate, wedge, and stagnation point of a flat plate considering velocity ratio parameter A< 1 .

AbstractIn the field of nano-composites, hybrid nano-fluids have noteworthy applications in aerospace, energy materials, thermal sensors, antifouling, etc. because of their ability to produce higher thermal conductivity than conventional nanofluids. Different combinations of nanocomposites have been found in the literature to develop the suitable hybrid-mixture, but no study has been found yet about the combined influence of ceria and zinc-oxide nanocomposites in the host liquid. In this article, unsteady 3 D transport of water driven hybrid nano-fluid with the consequences of brick shaped nanocomposites (ceria; and zinc oxide; ) has deliberated with the thermal link of heat source/sink. Variable thermal conditions have been supplied at the surface with the effect of a magnetic environment. Similarity relations have been used to articulate the transport equations into solvable forms and then solved numerically viaKeller-Box method. Nusselt number and skin-friction coefficients have also plotted with the wide ranges of involved parameters. Thermal setup has also briefly been discussed with the non-uniformity of surface temperature. Rate of heat transfer has significantly improved with the amounts of ceria (1 wt% to 10 wt%) and zinc-oxide (1 wt% to 10 wt%) nanocomposites. The Nusselt  number is reported in the range of 4.0 to 4.8 with the increasing amount of from −0.6 to −0.2, whereas it is reported in the range of 3.1 to 3.9 with the varying amount of from 0.2 to 0.6. Rate of heat transfer is observed higher for zinc-oxide nanoparticles as compared to ceria nanoparticles.

This work deals with the study of mass and heat transmission in nanofluid flow in the Powell-Eyring model over a sheet that is exponentially stretched with motile microorganisms. Additionally, viscous dissipation and radiation sources are considered. The governing flow expressions are remodeled into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by implementing the appropriate transformations. The remodeled equations are numerically computed by using the bvp4c technique via MATLAB. The various flow parameters are used to investigate and explain in depth the nanofluid velocity, thermal, nanoparticle volume fraction, and motile microbe density profiles. It is noted that the nanofluid velocity decreases with enlarging the values of the magnetic field parameter. The fluid thermal profile develops for greater quantities of radiation thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. The nanoparticle concentration decays when the Prandtl number and Lewis number are increased. The motile microbe density profiles suppress when heightening the values of the Peclet number, bioconvection Lewis number, and bioconvection parameter. The magnetic field parameter leads to a decrease in local skin friction, heat, and mass transfer rates.

This study offers a numerical assessment of unsteady laminar flow, heat and mass transfer of conventional hybrid nanofluid considering activation energy which is noticed in chemical processes. Further, non linear radiation and bioconvection flow with first order slip is also accounted. Nanoparticles as Cu and Al2O3in the base fluid H2O are included in this analysis. Similarity transformation is applied to the governing model equations to reduce dimensionless form and "bvp4c" a MATLAB solver, is applied to get numerical outputs of flow problem. Validation of numerical outcomes is done by an analytical approach optimal auxiliary function method (OAFM). This analysis reports better thermal characteristics when volume fractions 0.0 ≤ φ1≤ 0.5 and 0.0 ≤ φ2≤ 0.5 of both nanoparticles Cu and Al2O3are enhanced. Results for present analysis are interpreted numerically and graphically for distinct enhanced values of dimensionless parameters and physical quantities. The high resistance offered by velocity slip (0 ≤ Sv1≤ 1.0) and Forchheimer parameter (0 ≤ Fr≤ 10) cause a drop in velocity profiles. It is noticed that bioconvection Peclet number (0 ≤ Pe≤ 0.7) leading to a drop (χ(η) = 0.139972 to χ(η) = 0.0817063, at η = 1) in density distribution of motile microorganisms.

In this research, a novel attempt has been made using silane-treated wheat husk–derived biosilica water dielectric on machining Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloy. The main aim of this investigation was to improve the machining behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloy in electro discharge process using biosilica-activated deionized water dielectric. The biosilica particles had been prepared using thermo-chemical process from wheat husk ash biomass. The dielectric fluid was prepared using simple mixing process and ultrasonically stirred. The microdrilling process was done using a computerized EDM machine with recommended process variables. According to the study, the addition of biosilica particle of significant volume increased the material removal rate and tool’s life. The surface roughness also seemed lesser for biosilica-assisted nanofluid of significant volume. These machining characteristics that improved micro-EDM process could be used to machine high harder defense, automobile, and structural metallic material with high dimensional and functional quality.

A graph admits flooring function of centroidal meanness property if its injective node assignment ? is from 1 to 1 + qalong with bijective link assignment ??(uv) = ?1/3G(u, v)[?(u)2+ G(u, v)2+ ?(v)2]?, where G(u, v) = ?(u) + ?(v), is from 1 to q. We examined the flooring function of centroidal meanness values of a few duplicates yielded graphs in this context.

This study addresses the intricate interplay of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), thermal radiation, and porous media effects, which are crucial in numerous engineering applications, including aerospace, energy systems, and environmental processes. The development of a mass-based hybrid nanofluid model signifies a novel approach, potentially yielding more accurate predictions and insights into the thermal behavior of fluids in diverse scenarios. Thus, the current research explores the heat transfer characteristics of a unique nanofluid known as TiO2(titania)-CuO (copper oxide)/H2O (water) hybrid nanofluid. This nanofluid flows past a static or moving wedge considering the impact of thermal radiation and magnetic field in the appearance of porous medium. To calculate the effective thermophysical attributions of the hybrid (TiO2-CuO) nanofluid, a mass-based strategy is employed. This approach involves analyzing the masses of both the first and second nanoparticles, along with the mass of the base fluid, as essential input parameters. The proposed mathematical model is modified to a dimensionless form by applying similarity transformations. The numerical solution is obtained by utilizing the bvp4c built-in function within the MATLAB environment. Graphs illustrate the influence of various parameters on temperature and velocity trends, including the magnetic field parameter and heat absorption/generation parameter as well as the thermal radiation parameter. It is noted that along with the enhancement in the values of parameters related to porous medium or magnetic field, the velocity of the hybrid nanofluid improves. This occurs when the moving wedge parameter’s value is below 1. Conversely, when the moving wedge parameter’s value exceeds 1, the velocity of the hybrid nanofluid decreases. The shape factor is more effective in the temperature profile for developed inputs of heat absorption/generation parameter. A juxtaposition of enhancement in heat transfer rate due to nanofluid (TiO2/H2O) and hybrid nanofluid (TiO2-CuO/H2O) is likewise presented. The main outcome indicates that the hybrid nanofluid exhibits superior thermal conductivity relative to the conventional nanofluid.

Numbering a graph is a very practical and effective technique in science and engineering. Numerous graph assignment techniques, including distance-based labeling, topological indices, and spectral graph theory, can be used to investigate molecule structures. Consider the graph G, with the injection Ω from the node set to 1,2,…,∆, where ∆ is the sum of the number of nodes and links. Assume that the induced link assignment Ω∗ is the ceiling function of the average of root square, harmonic, geometric, and arithmetic means of the vertex labels of the end vertices of each edge. If the union of range of Ω of the node set and the range of Ω of the link set is the set 1,2,…,∆, then Ω is called a super classical average assignment (SCAA). This is known as the SCAA criterion. In this study, the graphical structures corresponding to chemical structures based on the SCAA criterion are demonstrated. The graphical depiction of chemical substances was first defined and second, the union of any number of cycles Cn, the tadpole graph, the graph extracted by identifying a line of any two cycles Cm and Cn, and the graph extracted by joining any two cycles by a path are all examined in this work.

The study of groundwater in Amaravathi River basin of Karur District resulted in large geochemical data set. A total of 24 water samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters, and the abundance of cation and anion concentrations was in the following order: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+= Cl−> HCO3−> SO42−. Correlation matrix shows that the basic ionic chemistry is influenced by Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Cl−, and also suggests that the samples contain Na+–Cl−, Ca2+–Cl−an,d mixed Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl−types of water. HCO3−, SO42−, and F−association is less than that of other parameters due to poor or less available of bearing minerals. PCA extracted six components, which are accountable for the data composition explaining 81% of the total variance of the data set and allowed to set the selected parameters according to regular features as well as to evaluate the frequency of each group on the overall variation in water quality. Cluster analysis results show that groundwater quality does not vary extensively as a function of seasons, but shows two main clusters.

AimsManipulation under anaesthetic (MUA) is a recognised form of treatment for patients with a frozen shoulder. However, not all patients benefit. Some have persistent or recurrent symptoms. There are no clear recommendations in the literature on the optimal management of recurrent frozen shoulder after a MUA. We aimed to address this issue in this study.Patients and MethodsWe analysed a prospectively collected, single-surgeon, consecutive series of patients who underwent MUA for frozen shoulder between January 1999 and December 2015. The Oxford Shoulder Scores (OSS) and range of movement were the outcome measures. ResultsA total of 730 patients (792 shoulders) underwent MUA during the study period. A further MUA was undertaken in 141 shoulders (17.8%), for which we had complete data for 126. The mean improvement in OSS for all patients undergoing MUA was 16 (26 to 42), and the mean post-operative OSS in those requiring a further MUA was 14 (28 to 42; t-test, no difference between mean improvements, p = 0.57). Improvement was seen after a further MUA, regardless both of the outcome of the initial MUA, and of the time of recurrence. Patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus were at a 38% increased risk of requiring a further MUA, compared with the 18% increased risk of the group as a whole (p < 0.0001).ConclusionPatients with a poor outcome or recurrent symptoms of a frozen shoulder after a MUA should be offered a further MUA with the expectation of a good outcome and a low complication rate.Cite this article: Bone Joint J2017;99-B:812–17.

AbstractIn this experiment, reverse osmosis (RO) treatment process was investigated under different operating conditions such as pH, flux, transmembrane pressure, and temperature for the wine industry wastewater treatment using response surface methodology. Box–Behnken response surface design with four variables and three levels was used to optimize and study the effect of process parameters. Pareto analysis of variance was done to analyze the result and second-order polynomial model was created to predict the responses. Optimum process parameters were found to be as follows: pH of 10, flux of 70 L/h, transmembrane pressure of 20 bar, and temperature of 30°C. Under these conditions, predicted value of responses was as follows: Color removal of 91%, COD removal of 93%, TDS removal of 97%, permeate flux of 24 L/m2 h, operating cost of 14 rupees with water recovery of 69%. The properties of RO-treated permeate water were compared with Indian standards and found to be good fit for reuse.

In this experiment, reverse osmosis (RO) treatment process was investigated under different operating conditions such as pH, flux, transmembrane pressure, and temperature for the wine industry wastewater treatment using response surface methodology. Box–Behnken response surface design with four variables and three levels was used to optimize and study the effect of process parameters. Pareto analysis of variance was done to analyze the result and second-order polynomial model was created to predict the responses. Optimum process parameters were found to be as follows: pH of 10, flux of 70 L/h, transmembrane pressure of 20 bar, and temperature of 30°C. Under these conditions, predicted value of responses was as follows: Color removal of 91%, COD removal of 93%, TDS removal of 97%, permeate flux of 24 L/m2 h, operating cost of 14 rupees with water recovery of 69%. The properties of RO-treated permeate water were compared with Indian standards and found to be good fit for reuse.

The gyrotactic microorganisms in nanofluid is necessary in many engineering and industrial systems. Also, stretching surface plays a significant role in the acceleration of thermal energy. Our motive in the current study is to present the numerical simulation of bioconvective flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over a stretching surface with velocity slip and convective boundary condition. The tangent hyperbolic nanoliquid having motile density. The mathematical model for the current flow problem is transformed into a non-dimensional expression using suitable variables. The developed model is formulated for these transformed equations through the Matlab bvp4c method. Engineering interest quantities such as friction factor, heat, mass and microorganism density were obtained against different physical variables. The results have observed that the heat transfer rate and motile microorganism density diminished while increasing the Weissenberg number, the opposite trend is found for mass transfer rate and skin friction. The accuracy of the current result has been shown excellent reliability in contrast to the previous literature.

The hydrochemical study of groundwater in Karur district of the Amaravathi River basin has been carried out to assess the major ion chemistry and groundwater quality for domestic and drinking purposes. Twenty-four groundwater samples were collected, processed, and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters such as pH; electrical conductivity; total dissolved solids; total hardness; cations such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium; anions such as bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, fluoride, nitrate, and phosphate in the laboratory using the standard methods given by the American Public Health Association (Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 2005). For quality assessment, the results were compared with water quality standards prescribed by the Bureau of Indian standards (Indian standards specification for drinking water 15:10500. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2003) and World Health Organization (International standards for drinking water. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005). All the groundwater samples in all three seasons (pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons) were not useful for drinking purposes owing to elevated levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, HCO3−, and Cl−. Karl Pearson correlation matrices for 14 variables were performed; EC, TDS, and TH had significant positive correlations among themselves and also with Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and Cl−. pH shows negative correlation with most of the parameters. The piper trilinear diagram showed that groundwater in all three seasons falls into mixed Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl−type. Concerning water for irrigation purposes, parameters such as percent sodium (% Na), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), chloro-alkaline indices (CAI I and CAI II), permeability index (PI), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelley’s ratio (KR), USSL diagram, Gibbs’ ratio (GR), and Wilcox diagram were calculated on the basis of chemical data to evaluate the current status of groundwater in the Amaravathi River basin. Parameters like MH (74 %), KR (75 %), RSC (95 %), and PI (69 %) in all three seasons indicate that the samples are suitable for irrigation and remaining are unsuitable. From USSL diagram, the result reveals that the samples fall in C3-S1 and C4-S1 indicate high to very high-salinity and low-sodium hazards. Wilcox diagram revealed out of 24 samples, sample no. 7, 8, and 11 in pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons fall under doubtful to unsuitable and 9 fall under unsuitable zone. The positive CAI values in 66 % samples in all three seasons indicate reverse ion exchange mechanism. The present study may be helpful for further studies concerning water quality issues in this area, where groundwater is a vital for drinking and other activities.

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT’s) have recently been found to possess extraordinary mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Extensive studies on the properties of CNT’s as a re-inforcing agent in Metal Matrix Composites are being investigated. In this study, powder metallurgy technique has been employed for the matrix material being Aluminium 6063 with CNT in varying concentrations as reinforcing agent. The powders are mixed thoroughly using ball milling and are compacted in a compacting die made of D-2 Steel to make green compact. It is then sintered at 350°C to 550°C at a rate of increase of 50°C per hour. Chemical, Microscopic examination, Compression and Hardness tests were performed on the specimens and were compared with pure aluminium specimens to show the effects of varying concentrations of CNT. The study indicated that there was no improvement in hardness of the composite on addition of CNT while there was an increase in compressive strength. The microstructure of pure aluminium and Al-CNT composite had fine grains of pure aluminium particles and Al-Si eutectic particles throughout the matrix phase.

The suitability of groundwater for irrigation uses was assessed in Alathur Block located in Perambalur District of the state of Tamil Nadu. Groundwater samples from ten villages were analyzed in two seasons for major cations, anions and other parameters such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, Kelly’s ratio, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium ratio, % sodium, chloro-alkaline indices, residual sodium carbonate and permeability index to know the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purpose. Piper trilinear diagram interpretations were made to know the suitability of chemical type of the groundwater. It reveals that the subsurface water is alkaline (Na + K) than the alkaline earth (Ca + Mg) type. According to the SAR values plotted in the USSL Staff diagram, most of the groundwater samples belong to class high-salinity hazard and low-sodium hazard (C3−S1) and high-salinity hazard and medium-sodium hazard (C3−S2), which indicate that the groundwater of most stations require a special type of irrigation method.

Δ^4,4‘-Dicyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b‘]dithiophene has been prepared from cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b‘]bithiophen-4-one and its electrochemical and spectroscopic properties have been characterized. Its low HOMO−LUMO gap and facile electrochemical polymerization make it an attractive building block for low band gap conducting polymers. Films of poly-(Δ^4,4‘-dicyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b‘]dithiophene) on electrodes have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electronic absorption spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and in situ conductivity measurements. The spectroscopic and electrochemical results confirm the formation of a polymeric material with long conjugation length and low band gap (ca. 0.5 eV). The intrinsic conductivity is consistent with this band gap.

This study introduces the Cexp average assignments and investigates its properties using various ladder graphs. The ladder graphs can be found in every communication networks. Ladder networks are increasingly being used in everyday life for monitoring and environmental applications such as domestic, military, surveillance, industrial, medical applications, and traffic management. These datasets are afflicted by the average representation of the graph structure. It aids in the visualisation and comprehension of data analysis. The Cexp labeling is used in sensor networks, adhoc networks, and other applications. It also efficiently creates a communication network after using noise reduction methods to remove salt and pepper noise.

Classical mean labeling of a graph G with p vertices and q edges is an injective function from the vertex set of G to the set 1,2,3,…,q+1 such that the edge labels obtained from the flooring function of the average of mean of arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, and root square of the vertex labels of each edge’s end vertices is distinct, and the set of edge labels is 1,2,3,…,q. One of the graph operations is to duplicate the graph. The classical meanness of graphs formed by duplicating an edge and a vertex of numerous standard graphs is discussed in this study.

The object of this work is to an innovation of a class k−U~STsℏ,υ,τ,ι,ς in Y with negative coefficients, further determining coefficient estimates, neighborhoods, partial sums, convexity, and compactness of this specified class.

In this paper, the idea of ∈,∈∨q˘-bipolar fuzzy b-ideals and an ∈,∈∨q˘-bipolar fuzzy ideals of BCK/BCI-algebras is delivered, and their related properties are investigated with the aid of some examples. We also provide the connection between ∈,∈∨q˘-bipolar fuzzy ideals and bipolar fuzzy ideals and ∈,∈∨q˘-bipolar fuzzy b-ideals and bipolar fuzzy b-ideals by way of counterexamples.

We propose and explore a new subclass of regular functions described by a new derivative operator in this paper. Some coefficient estimations, growth and distortion aspects, extreme points, star-like radii, convexity, Fekete-Szego inequality, and partial sums are derived.

The investigation of the stabilities of various types of equations is an interesting and evolving research area in the field of mathematical analysis. Recently, there are many research papers published on this topic, especially additive, quadratic, cubic, and mixed type functional equations. We propose a new functional equation in this study which is quite different from the functional equations already dealt in the literature. The main feature of the equation dealt in this study is that it has three different solutions, namely, additive, quadratic, and mixed type functions. We also prove that the stability results hold good for this equation in intuitionistic random normed space (briefly, IRN-space).

This study explains the impression of MHD Maxwell fluid with the presence of thermal radiation on a heated surface. The heat and mass transmission analysis is carried out with the available of Cattaneo–Christov dual diffusion. The derived PDE equations are renovated into ODE equations with the use of similarity variables. HAM technique is implemented for finding the solution. The importance of physical parameters of fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and heat and mass transfer rates are illustrated in graphs. We found that the fluid velocity declines with the presence of the magnetic field parameter. On the contrary, the liquid temperature enhances by increasing the radiation parameter. In addition, the fluid velocity is low, and temperature and concentration are high in Maxwell fluid compared to the viscous liquid.

In this work, we have to introduce a generalized quadratic functional equation and derive its solution. The main objective of this work is to investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic functional equation in non-Archimedean n,β-normed spaces.

This study discusses the synchronization problem for delayed neural networks with semi-Markovian jumping parameters. With the support of Jenson’s inequality and Writinger-based integral inequality, a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional was constructed, and a synchronization criterion for the considered system was derived in the form of LMIs. In order to cope with system uncertainties, the nonfragile controller was taken into account. Also, sampled-data controller is used to improve the effectiveness of the bandwidth usage. In order to achieve the benefits of both control techniques, the nonfragile sampled-data controller was considered for synchronization of semi-Markovian jumping neural networks and to assure that the error system is asymptotically stable. At last, numerical simulations are exhibited to validate the proposed technique.

A novel heterocyclic compound 2-(Furan-2-yl)-4,5-Diphenyl-1H-Imidazole (FDPI) was synthesized by a simple and cost effective one pot synthetic protocol and the structure of FDPI was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The corrosion inhibition activity of FDPI was investigated using gravimetric and electrochemical methods. It resulted a maximum inhibition efficiency of 95.84% at 10 mmolL-1concentrations of FDPI. The excellent inhibition efficiency is reasoned as the adsorption of FDPI on the mild steel surface as a protective layer immersed in the 1 M HCl. The adsorbed layer obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the ΔGoadsvalues of FDPI suggested that process involves physisorption. The polarization curves showed that the FDPI behaves as a mixed type inhibitor. Surface morphology studied by SEM confirmed the formation of a protective film of FDPI on the mild steel surface. The computational studies using DFT have been analyzed for the FDPI to determine the HOMO-LUMO energy gap.

The focus of this article is the introduction of a new subclass of analytic functions involving q-analogue of the Bessel function and obtained coefficient inequities, growth and distortion properties, radii of close-to-convexity, and starlikeness, as well as convex linear combination. Furthermore, we discussed partial sums, convolution, and neighborhood properties for this defined class.

In this work, we examine the generalized Hyers-Ulam orthogonal stability of the quartic functional equation in quasi-β-normed spaces. Moreover, we prove that this functional equation is not stable in a special condition by a counterexample.

In this present work, we obtain the solution of the generalized additive functional equation and also establish Hyers–Ulam stability results by using alternative fixed point for a generalized additive functional equation χ∑g=1lvg=∑1≤g