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•Gastric vascular ectasia can occur after allogeneic stem cell transplant.•Upper gastrointestinal bleeding may present as gastric vascular ectasia.•A post-transplant cyclophosphamide and sirolimus-based regimen seems correlated.•The combination of sirolimus with 3 alkylating agents may base its pathogenesis.•A conservative approach may be safe for its clinical management.

Posttransplant cyclophosphamide, sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (PTCy/siro/MMF) constitutes an innovative and well-tolerated acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but risk factors for aGVHD incidence and therapy failure in this setting are scarce. This study prospectively registered all consecutive adult patients with hematologic malignancies who received a myeloablative allo-HSCT using PTCy/siro/MMF prophylaxis at our institution between 2017 and 2023. A total of 385 patients were included, of whom 44%, 34% and 22% were transplanted from matched sibiling, matched unrelated and haploidentical donors, respectively. The 180-day cumulative incidence of aGVHD was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17–25%) for grade II–IV and 11% (95% CI 8–14%) grade III–IV aGVHD. The use of haploidentical donors was associated with an increased risk of severe aGVHD. Among 75 patients receiving first-line systemic corticosteroids, 49% achieved a sustained complete response, while 23% and 24% developed steroid-dependent (SD-aGVHD) and steroid-refractory aGVHD (SR-aGVHD), respectively. SR-aGVHD was associated with worse salvage treatment response and overall survival compared to SD-aGVHD. The 1-year cumulative incidence of aGVHD-related mortality was 5.4% (95% CI, 3.3–8.1). Risk factors for aGVHD-related mortality included haploidentical donors, older donors, diagnosis of myeldysplastic neoplasms, and grade IV aGVHD. This study confirms a low incidence aGVHD with PTCy/siro/MMF prophylaxis. SR-aGVHD showed poorer response to salvage therapies and worse survival, while haploidentical donors and older donor age were negative predictors for aGVHD-related deaths.

The constant demand for new buildings means concrete continues to contribute to a large proportion of global greenhouse gas emissions. Italian architect and researcher Fabio Amicarelli, and Assistant Professor in Architecture and Guest‐Editor of this AD Ena Lloret‐Fritschi, discuss the Foldcast project being developed by the Fabrication and Material Aware Architecture (FMAA) group at the Università della Svizzera Italiana in Mendrisio. Foldcast combines software and digital machines to produce non‐standard, recyclable, paper‐based moulds for casting structurally efficient concrete elements.

Resilience is commonly addressed when dealing with the sustainable planning and management of social–ecological systems, but we lack a unified framework for its quantitative assessment and application. We present an operational resilience framework (ORF) based on recognizing and relating several elements: system variables (e.g., ecosystem services), disturbances and stressors acting at given spatiotemporal scales, a reference state, and metrics comparing the observed system variables to the reference state. These elements fit into a rationale aimed at identifying resilience predictors suitable to be managed and co-drivers which describe non-manageable context, reflecting the mechanisms involved in resilience. By a systematic search of the presence of the ORF concepts in 453 empirical studies assessing resilience, we corroborate that ORF can be applied to studies on forest social–ecological systems. This literature survey shows that ORF elements are commonly recognized, although the logical narrative relating them is not always explicit, particularly in socioeconomic-focused studies. We advocate that the proposed ORF allows to standardize the terminology and to frame and measure resilience, allowing sounder comparisons and better-supported recommendations for the improvement of resilience in social–ecological systems, particularly in forest systems.

El desarrollo de lesión renal aguda (FRA) durante la hospitalización por SARS-Cov-2 se ha asociado a una elevada morbimortalidad. El Registro FRA-COVID SEN ha recogido datos de pacientes con este perfil durante los meses de la pandemia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la población española ingresada por COVID-19 que desarrolló FRA, con/sin necesidades de tratamiento renal sustitutivo (TRS), modalidades terapéuticas utilizadas y resultados en términos de mortalidad.

Individuals with minor ischaemic stroke and intracranial occlusion are at increased risk of poor outcomes. Intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase might improve outcomes in this population. We aimed to test the superiority of intravenous tenecteplase over non-thrombolytic standard of care in patients with minor ischaemic stroke and intracranial occlusion or focal perfusion abnormality.

•Las lesiones de sindesmosis tibioperonea distal se pueden producir en el contexto de una entorsis de tobillo por eversión forzada.•Se trata de una lesión poco conocida, que suele pasar desapercibida.•Una mala evolución de estas lesiones puede acarrear inestabilidad articular de tobillo y artrosis precoz.•Una sospecha diagnóstica a través de la anamnesis del mecanismo lesional y una buena exploración física pueden hacer llegar a un buen diagnóstico con alta sensibilidad y especificidad.•El tratamiento difiere de los esguinces “clásicos”, precisando de inmovilización hasta desaparición del dolor, o incluso reparación quirúrgica.

Fracture risk assessment in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been included in the CKD-MBD ("Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorders") complex in international and national nephrology guidelines, suggesting for the first time the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) if the results can influence therapeutic decision-making. However, there is very little information on actual clinical practice in this population. The main objective of the ERCOS (ERC-Osteoporosis) study is to describe the profile of patients with CKD G3-5D with osteoporosis (OP) and/or fragility fractures treated in specialized nephrology, rheumatology and internal medicine clinics in Spain. Fifteen centers participated and 162 patients (mostly women [71.2%] postmenopausal [98.3%]) with a median age of 77 years were included. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 36 mL/min/1.73 m2and 38% of the included patients were on dialysis. We highlight the high frequency of prevalent fragility fractures [37.7%), mainly vertebral (52.5%) and hip (24.6%)], the disproportionate history of patients with glomerular disease compared to purely nephrological series (corticosteroids) and undertreatment for fracture prevention, especially in nephrology consultations. This study is an immediate call to action with the dissemination of the new, more proactive, clinical guidelines, and underlines the need to standardize a coordinated and multidisciplinary care/therapeutic approach to these patients in an efficient way to avoid current discrepancies and therapeutic nihilism.

La valoración del riesgo de fractura del paciente con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) ha sido incluida en el complejo Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorders(CKD-MBD) en guías nefrológicas internacionales y nacionales, sugiriéndose por primera vez la evaluación de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) si los resultados pueden condicionar la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. Sin embargo, existe muy poca información en práctica clínica real en esta población. El objetivo principal del estudio ERC-Osteoporosis (ERCOS) es describir el perfil de los pacientes con ERC G3-5D con osteoporosis (OP) y/o fracturas por fragilidad atendidos en consultas especializadas de nefrología, reumatología y medicina interna en España. Participaron 15 centros y se incluyeron 162 pacientes (siendo en su mayoría mujeres [71,2%] posmenopáusicas [98,3%]) con una mediana de edad de 77 años. La mediana del filtrado glomerular estimado (FGe) fue de 36ml/min/1,73m2y el 38% de pacientes incluidos estaban en diálisis. Destacamos la elevada frecuencia de fracturas por fragilidad prevalentes ([37,7%), principalmente vertebrales [52,5%] y de cadera 24,6%]), el antecedente desproporcionado de pacientes con enfermedad glomerular en comparación con series puramente nefrológicas (corticoides) y el infratratamiento para la prevención de fracturas, fundamentalmente en consultas nefrológicas. Este estudio supone una inmediata llamada a la acción con la difusión de las nuevas guías clínicas, más proactivas, y subraya la necesidad de homogeneizar el enfoque asistencial/terapéutico multidisciplinar coordinado de estos pacientes de un modo eficiente para evitar las actuales discrepancias y el nihilismo terapéutico.

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) have been reliable and economical technological solutions to perform undersea monitoring tasks in comparison to manned vehicles. However, in many situations, UUV is unable to fulfill complex undersea research tasks since target objects appear distorted due to light absorption and scattering. Besides, ocean surveying undergoes severe power requirements compared to terrestrial systems because of battery-driven low-storage vehicles like Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs). Therefore, limited power supply, motion resistance of water medium, and distorted target object appearance can delay the mission and reduce the efficiency of UUV in their underwater operations. Considering the resource-constrained undersea monitoring setup, we propose an intelligent two-stage framework for expeditious monitoring of underwater scenes. First, an effective deep neural network is employed for underwater object/region of interest (ROI) detection. Then the detected ROI is restored using an efficient restoration method, thereby improving the visual quality of the degraded images and aiding the navigating and monitoring tasks of UUVs. Our method has been objectively and subjectively assessed using 9 evaluation metrics and our key results reveal mAP of 94.35% and an Underwater Color Image Quality Evaluation (UCIQE) score of 3.09, surpassing state-of-the-art methods for object detection. Furthermore, the execution time of 0.550 secs is required for object detection and dehazing, making this proposal suitable for UUVs to perform automatic undersea object detection and dehazing within operational running requirements.

Diamond, as the densest allotrope of carbon, displays a range of exemplary material properties that are attractive from a device perspective. Despite diamond displaying high carbon–carbon bond strength, ultrashort (femtosecond) pulse laser radiation can provide sufficient energy for highly localized internal breakdown of the diamond lattice. The less-dense carbon structures generated on lattice breakdown are subject to significant pressure from the surrounding diamond matrix, leading to highly unusual formation conditions. By tailoring the laser dose delivered to the diamond, it is shown that it is possible to create continuously modified internal tracks with varying electrical conduction properties. In addition to the widely reported conducting tracks, conditions leading to semiconducting and insulating written tracks have been identified. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used to visualize the structural transformations taking place and provide insight into the different conduction regimes. The HRTEM reveals a highly diverse range of nanocarbon structures are generated by the laser irradiation, including many signatures for different so-called diaphite complexes, which have been seen in meteorite samples and seem to mediate the laser-induced breakdown of the diamond. This work offers insight into possible formation methods for the diamond and related nanocarbon phases found in meteorites.

Graphical Abstract:

This 45-year study (1978–2022) at a single institution evaluated HSCT outcomes and complications, emphasizing recent advances, with to provide insights into HSCT’s evolving field and ongoing efforts to enhance patient outcomes. Involving 1707 patients, the study revealed an initial phase (1978–1987) with a limited activity that yielded modest outcomes, a nearly three-decade span (1988–2016) with a substantial increase in transplant activity, emphasizing umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) for patients lacking a suitable matched sibling donor. In addition to a gradual increase in recipient age, significant improvement in outcomes emerged in the recent period (2017–2022), marked by UCBT replacement with haploidentical transplants, introduction of PTCY-based GVHD prophylaxis for all type of transplants, and increased use of conditioning regimens with thiotepa, busulfan, and fludarabine. In this period, reductions in GVHD, non-relapse mortality, and relapse rates significantly contributed to improved overall survival, event-free survival, and GVHD-free/relapse-free survival. The study identified specific factors, including GVHD prophylaxis and donor selection changes, associated with these positive trends. This four-decade study provides a unique perspective on allogeneic HSCT, showcasing the dynamic evolution of transplantation practices and their impact on outcomes, offering valuable insights for personalized treatment approaches and emphasizing continual innovation in this critical therapeutic modality.

BackgroundThere is a high prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy among older people, especially in people living with HIV (PLWH) with an increased life expectancy due to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Consequently, there is a higher risk of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM), potential drug-drug interactions (DI), and problems of non-adherence to treatment (NAC) in older PLWH. PIMDINAC criteria (potentially inappropriate medications (PIM), drug–drug interactions (DI), and non-adherence to treatment (NAC)) purport to jointly analyse these problems. The purpose of the study was to compare the prevalence of PIMDINAC criteria among elderly PLWH and non-infected patients with chronic diseases, and to determine whether HIV infection constitutes a predictor of the presence of PIMDINAC criteria, totally or partially.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted between February and June 2020. HIV positive patients aged ≥65 years were compared with a group of patients with chronic conditions attending the outpatient hospital pharmacy service.ResultsThe study involved 140 patients: 47 HIV positive and 93 HIV negative, and mean age was 69 versus 73 years, respectively (p=0.062). The prevalence of total PIMDINAC criteria was similar between the groups (12.5 vs 10.8%, p=0.505). In relation to inappropriate medication, no differences were observed between groups (48.9 vs 55.9%, p=0434). Drug–drug interactions were higher in patients with chronic conditions (52.7 vs 25.5%, p=0.002) compared with non-adherence, which was higher in people with HIV (22.6 vs 65.6%, p<0.001). No differences in polypharmacy (≥6 and 11 drugs) rates were observed.ConclusionsPIMDINAC criteria were highly prevalent in older PLWH, similar to non-infected patients. HIV infection in older people was associated with a lower risk of drug–drug interactions. However, non-adherence was a risk factor compared with age matched controls. Deprescribing strategies, including a capability–motivation–opportunity pharmaceutical care model based intervention should be implemented in clinical routines.

Aim: To describe our initial experience in laparoscopic-assisted gastric pull-up via posterior mediastinal route in comparison with our historic experience performed by open laparotomy gastric pull-up via retrosternal route. The results of the two approaches were evaluated in this study. Materials and methods: Between 2000 and 2017, we conducted a retrospective review of all patients that had undergone gastric transposition for esophageal atresia (EA) and long caustic strictures when preservation of the native esophagus was  not possible. Results: A total of 17 pediatric patients underwent gastric pull-up transposition as esophageal replacement technique. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A (2000–2015) consisted of 11 patients that underwent open laparotomy gastric pull-up via the retrosternal route. Three Group A patients had EA Type I, two had EA Type II, five had EA Type III, and one long caustic stricture. Associated anomalies included VACTERL association in two cases, Down syndrome in one case and intestinal malrotation in one case. The mean age at surgery was 2.2 years and the mean follow-up was 9.3 years. All patients were able to achieve oral feeds. Group B (2016–2018) consisted of six patients that underwent laparoscopic-assisted gastric transposition via posterior mediastinal pathway. Three had EA Type I, two had EA Type III, and one had a long caustic esophageal stricture. Associated anomalies included a single case of VACTERL association. Previous surgeries included two thoracotomies and two esophagostomies in patients with EA/TEF and one gastro-jejunal anastomosis in a patient with pyloric total disconnection after pyloric balloon dilatation for caustic esophageal and pyloric stricture. All patients underwent gastrostomy. Laparoscopic procedure was successfully completed in all patients without conversion. The mean follow-up in Group B was 27 months. All patients were able to establish oral feeds. Conclusion: Laparoscopic-assisted gastric pull-up as esophageal replacement technique is safe and has few complications. Slight modifications of the technique such as pyloric dilation reduce laparoscopic surgical time.

Currently, liver transplantation is the most effective treatment available for patients with end-stage liver disease. Patients, after being transplanted, require immunosuppressive treatment that must be monitored. mHealth systems reduce costs and increase the effectiveness of monitoring. Wireless body sensor networks are used to connect personal monitoring devices in the health environment. In this work, we present a system with a specific software application to monitor liver transplant patients remotely through the data gathered from a body sensor network. The main objective of the application is to carry out the out-of-hospital follow-up of patients who are receiving postoperative treatment. The application also provides a forum, frequently asked questions, and direct communication with health specialist personnel. We have observed that the degree of activity and the emotions of the patients are related to the information provided by the collected parameters through the devices of the body sensor network.

Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) are gaining considerable attention to reduce human dependence on fossil fuels and minimize harmful gases in our surroundings. Existing literature on energy trading focused on providing renewable energy to smart homes, smart buildings, and smart offices to fulfill their daily energy demands obtained from RESs. Besides, Electric Vehicles (EVs) use either power grid energy or a battery exchange mechanism to recharge their low EV batteries. The continuous use of power grids to recharge low EV batteries causes a significant load on power grids. Due to this, power grids are inadequate to fulfill the ever-increasing demands of EVs in the future. In this context, we propose a Blockchain Enabled Energy Trading (BEET) framework oriented EV charging. A system architecture of the BEET framework is presented to describe the functioning of each layer and its associated entities. We formulate an optimization problem that maximizes the revenue in the energy trading process using a knapsack optimization. Smart contracts are designed on the consortium blockchain network to sell and buy renewable energy to aggregators and from producers, respectively. Moreover, an EV charging mechanism is designed to intelligently allocate renewable energy to consumers at a low price. A comparative analysis is performed with state-of-the-art works in terms of charging price, revenue, throughput, and latency. The results indicate that the BEET framework outperforms compared to state-of-the-art works to address the renewable energy demand problem to realize E-mobility. It is clarified that the data considered in the experimental analysis were obtained from statistical simulations in realistic E-Mobility environment settings.

Remote monitoring is an important application of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). The combination of monitoring equipment and tracking algorithms can be used to automatically track moving targets. The tracking algorithm based on the Siamese network is both accurate and efficient, and its development potential is better than that of other algorithms. Its output is a detection map that reflects the probability that any position in the search area is the center of the target’s bounding box, and the maximum value of the detection map is the center of the target’s bounding box predicted by the algorithm. Owing to partial occlusion, target deformation, out-of-view, and background clutter, local maxima in the detection map may also be the center of the target’s bounding box. A tracker’s ability to make accurate judgments is currently limited. Furthermore, previous trackers extracted only the target features in the initial frame as the matching template. Although this matching template is highly reliable, it cannot effectively combine the target features available in the subsequent frames. Therefore, in this study, fuzzy inference is introduced into the tracking process to analyze the reliability of the detection map. When this map is reliable, the target feature of the search area is transformed into a substitute template; otherwise, multiple substitute templates are selected from the template pool for parallel matching as per the set rules. The optimal result is selected from multiple detection results, based on the priority of the detection results when the initial frame is used as the matching template. Experimental results on multiple datasets show that the proposed algorithm is superior to other similar algorithms in terms of multiple assessment metrics and can improve the robustness of remote monitoring tasks in ITSs.

ABSTRACTDespite the great advances in macroautophagy/autophagy research in the last years, the in vivorole of the different members of the four mammalian orthologs of yeast Atg4 protease (ATG4A-D) remain unclear. To gain further insights into the functional relevance of Atg4 orthologs, we have generated mutant mice deficient in Atg4c. These mice are viable and fertile, and do not display any obvious abnormalities, indicating that they are able to develop the autophagic response required during the early neonatal period. However, they show tissue-specific autophagy alterations, including reduced autophagic flux in diaphragm and show decreased breathing and locomotor activity after fasting. In addition, atg4c-/-mice show reduced number of circulating T and B lymphocytes, which is associated with accumulation of apoptotic cells in the spleen and an increased susceptibility to develop chemically-induced fibrosarcomas. Moreover, through the analysis of cells and mice simultaneously deficient for ATG4C and ATG4D proteases we also reveal a role for ATG4C in mATG8 proteins delipidation.AbbreviationsATG4 (autophagy related 4 cysteine peptidase); ATG4A (autophagy related 4A cysteine peptidase); ATG4B (autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase); ATG4C (autophagy related 4C cysteine peptidase); ATG4D (autophagy related 4D cysteine peptidase); Atg8 (autophagy related 8); GABARAP (GABA type A receptor-associated protein); GABARAPL1(GABA type A receptor-associated protein like 1); GABARAPL2 (GABA type A receptor-associated protein like 2); MAP1LC3A/LC3A (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha); MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta); mATG8 (mammalian Atg8); PE (phosphatidylethanolamine); PS (phosphatydylserine); SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1).

Rapid developments in deep learning (DL) and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) have enabled vision-based systems to efficiently detect fires at their early stage and avoid massive disasters. Implementing such IoT-driven fire detection systems can significantly reduce the corresponding ecological, social, and economic destruction; they can also provide smart monitoring for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). However, deploying these systems requires lightweight and cost-effective convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for real-time processing on artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted edge devices. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an efficient and lightweight CNN architecture for early fire detection and segmentation, focusing on IoT-enabled ITS environments. We effectively utilize depth-wise separable convolution, point-wise group convolution, and a channel shuffling strategy with an optimal number of convolution kernels per layer, significantly reducing the model size and computation costs. Extensive experiments on our newly developed and other benchmark fire segmentation datasets reveal the effectiveness and robustness of our approach against state-of-the-art fire segmentation methods. Further, the proposed method maintains a balanced trade-off between the model efficiency and accuracy, making our system more suitable for IoT-driven fire disaster management in ITSs.

The Internet of Things (IoT), as an important part of the new generation of information technology, connects any object to the Internet according to the agreed protocol through radio frequency identification, global positioning system, and other information sensing equipment for information exchange and communication. With the continuous development of the IoT technology, it has injected new power into its further development and improvement. The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is the development focus of the IoT, and the improvement of its connection capability enables the application of IoV to be upgraded from vehicle entertainment to unmanned driving, fleet arrangement and management, and traffic intelligent service. With the release of the market potential of IoV, the transportation cost will also drop significantly, and more transformation opportunities will emerge in the traditional intelligent transportation industry. As an important part of intelligent transportation, intelligent city, intelligent village, and intelligent park, the IoT intelligent infrastructure plays an important role in providing high-quality public services, reducing costs, and achieving sustainable development. At present, the IoT intelligent infrastructure has a wide range of demand around the world, and has become an important innovation and industrial development force in this field.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show that transmission of information and information storage or registration depends on structures. Structures emerge from coordinated sets of constraints. Complex systems depend on their structures to function. The temporal sequence of changes in the levels of the complex system determines its behavior. These three concepts are intimately linked with the environment. Environment, structure, function and behavior form a complex system–environment unit, which is the operational unit of existence for all open complex systems. Therefore, it becomes a point in the directional propagation of the cause, where stimulus environment becomes a Creaon, and then the Creaon becomes a Genon, becoming in turn the response to the experienced environment. The formation of structures is the main phenomenon of evolution. Evolution can also be accepted as free, in the sense that it does not cost additional deaths. Design/methodology/approach: Mathematical and logical development of the structure and thermodynamics in complex systems. Findings: Based on the above considerations, the authors are going to introduce two fundamental principles in Complex systems Theory: the Matthew Effect and the Principle of Sagan. Originality/value: But as the authors' purpose is to give a formal definition of a complex system from a totally theoretical point of view, they establish a relationship between concepts of General Systems Theory, Theory of the Environment, linguistics, Information Theory and thermodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STAT1 defects have variable modes of inheritance and present with diverse clinical phenotypes. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations are typically associated with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), while loss-of-function (LOF) results in increased susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD). We describe a patient with a discordant genotype/phenotype: disseminated mycobacterial infection in the context of a STAT1 GOF mutation.

Recently, the potential for reclaimed water for irrigation purposes has been highlighted. Nonetheless, reclaimed water quality can vary over time and the sources; therefore, their control before using it becomes necessary. In this article, we propose a wireless sensor network for monitoring reclaimed water quality in the water grid to evaluate the suitability of water for green areas irrigation. The system comprises sensor nodes and actuator nodes communicated with long range (LoRa) technology. This article focused on the development of the sensors based on two coils and evaluated the effect of the capacitor included in the conditioning circuit on the sensor signal. The novelty of the proposed sensor is that the coils are isolated from the water, and only a portion of enameled copper wire is in direct contact with the water. A total of 14 capacitors were used to select the most appropriate configuration to maximize the signal differences when the water’s salinity changes. Four configurations are analyzed in detail, including a calibration and verification stage. To determine the best configuration, six parameters, including the working frequency, the maximum output voltage, or the average absolute and relative errors, among others, are considered. With an average absolute error of 1.09 mg/L and a working frequency of 812 kHz, configuration 3 has been selected.

Los niveles de estrés y la ansiedad que sufren los padres y madres de niños con cardiopatía congénita (PMNCC) durante el ingreso para cirugía cardíaca de sus hijos pueden ser más elevados que los que sufren otros padres y madres que pasan por la misma experiencia.

Air pollution is a significant environmental risk to health; reducing pollution levels could help minimize related diseases, such as cancer, asthma, and stroke. Gas sensors, such as the MQ family, can be used to establish security measures for detecting environmental problems and improving air quality. The aim of this article is to develop a low-cost system using MQ sensors and an Arduino Mega to monitor air quality in different indoor and outdoor scenarios and identify the origin of the data using different approaches such as discriminant analysis (DA) and probabilistic neural network (PNN). The system is composed of an Arduino Mega and four MQ gas sensors. The response of four different MQ sensors (MQ-2, MQ-3, MQ-7, and MQ-135) to different indoor and outdoor environments is analyzed. The results indicate that the living room and kitchen have a stable response for all sensors, while the bar and the terrace have higher variability in their response. This article presents the results of using DA and PNN to identify indoor and outdoor areas using different combinations of MQ sensors, achieving up to 99.47% correctly classified cases with all sensors using PNN. This article’s results show that their proposed system outperforms existing applications in correctly classifying cases, with well-classified cases with two sensors and the PNN reaching 98.22%.

ABSTRACTNon-motorized water sports requiring physical efforts such as swimming, scuba diving, kayaking, sailing and surfing are becoming increasingly popular in Mediterranean marine protected areas (MPAs). This research investigates the relationship between these types of water sports and practitioners’ psychological and mental health. It takes the MPAs of Cap de Creus and Gulf of Roses (north-western Mediterranean) as a case study and is underpinned by a literature review and in-depth interviews with specialized water sports instructors. Results provide evidence that doing non-motorized water sports in the sea has positive outcomes for practitioners’ physical and mental health. When done in well-preserved areas, these sports may be a viable tool for both wellness and health recovery, and could be introduced in the community as a preventative and rehabilitation health strategy. This should be accompanied by strategies to address the ecological impacts these sports may have on MPAs.

Concrete construction is one of the largest producers of CO2emissions and waste from discarded formwork. 3D printing of formwork using polymer extrusion 3D printing can increase the sustainability of concrete construction by allowing the fabrication of optimized geometry. However, polymer extrusion printed formwork must be discarded after being used several times. Therefore, this paper explores the potential of recycling 3D printed formwork. We describe a workflow in which a formwork is 3D printed, filled with concrete, removed, recycled, and reprinted into a new formwork. Two case studies are presented: filament-printed PET-G formwork for a concrete column, and pellet-printed PIPG formwork for a series of columns. The results indicate that the printing material can be fully recycled for at least one cycle.

This paper discusses the design, fabrication, and assembly of the ‘Eggshell Pavilion’, a reinforced concrete structure fabricated using 3D printed thin shell formwork. Formworks for columns and slabs were printed from recycled plastic using a pellet extruder mounted to a robotic arm. The formworks were cast and demoulded, and the finished elements were assembled into a pavilion, showcasing the architectural potential of 3D printed formwork. The Eggshell Pavilion was designed and fabricated within the scope of a design studio at ETH Zurich. The structure was designed using a fully parametric design workflow that allowed for incorporating changes into the design until the fabrication. The pavilion consists of four columns and floor slabs. Each column and floor slab is reinforced with conventional reinforcing bars. Two different methods are used for casting the columns and floor slabs. The columns are cast using ‘Digital casting systems’, a method for the digitally controlled casting of fast-hardening concrete. Digital casting reduces the hydrostatic pressure exerted on the formwork to a minimum, thereby enabling the casting of tall structures with thin formwork. The floor slabs are cast with a commercially available concrete mix, as the pressure exerted on the formwork walls is lower than for the columns. In this research, 3D printed formwork is combined with traditional reinforcing, casting, and assembly methods, bringing the technology closer to an industrial application.

El objetivo del estudio fue establecer posible relación entre los tratamientos con mitomicina-C (MMC) y bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) y la afectación en la calidad de vida.

In this work, the successful heteroepitaxial growth of boron carbide (BxC) on 4HSiC(0001) 4° off substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is reported. Towards this end, a two-step procedure was developed, involving the 4H-SiC substrate boridation under BCl3 precursor at 1200°C, followed by conventional CVD under BCl3 + C3H8 at 1600°C. Such a procedure allowed obtaining reproducibly monocrystalline (0001) oriented films of BxC with a step flow morphology at a growth rate of 1.9 μm/h. Without the boridation step, the layers are systematically polycrystalline. The study of the epitaxial growth mechanism shows that a monocrystalline BxC layer is formed after boridation but covered with a B-and Si-containing amorphous layer. Upon heating up to 1600°C, under pure H2 atmosphere, the amorphous layer was converted into epitaxial BxC and transient surface SiBx and Si crystallites. These crystallites disappear upon CVD growth.